-
Revista Da Sociedade Brasileira de... 2023
Topics: Humans; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Constriction, Pathologic
PubMed: 37792840
DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0343-2023 -
Microbes and Infection 2021During pathogen interaction with the host, several mechanisms are used to favor or inhibit the infectious process; one is called nutritional immunity, characterized by...
During pathogen interaction with the host, several mechanisms are used to favor or inhibit the infectious process; one is called nutritional immunity, characterized by restriction of micronutrients to pathogens. Several studies on fungi of the Paracoccidioides complex, have demonstrated that these pathogens remodel their metabolic pathways to overcome the hostile condition imposed by the host. However, molecular mechanisms that control the regulation of those metabolic changes are not fully understood. Therefore, this work characterizes the expression profile of miRNAs during iron deprivation and describes metabolic pathways putatively regulated by those molecules. Through analysis of RNAseq, 45 miRNAs were identified and eight presented alterations in the expression profile during iron deprivation. Among the differentially regulated miRNAs, five were more abundant in yeast cells during iron deprivation and interestingly, the analyses of genes potentially regulated by those five miRNAs, pointed to metabolic pathways as oxidative phosphorylation, altered in response to iron deprivation. In addition, miRNAs with more abundance in iron presence, have as target genes encoding transcriptional factors related to iron homeostasis and uptake. Therefore, we suggest that miRNAs produced by Paracoccidioides brasiliensis may contribute to the adaptive responses of this fungus in iron starvation environment.
Topics: Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Homeostasis; Humans; Iron; MicroRNAs; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomycosis; RNA, Fungal
PubMed: 33157279
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2020.10.008 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Aug 2023
PubMed: 37721895
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.7219 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Aug 2023
PubMed: 37721901
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.6977 -
Biomedica : Revista Del Instituto... Jun 2021The tropical verrucous syndrome includes infectious, chronic, and granulomatous skin conditions appearing with plaques, nodules, or ulcers with a warty surface which... (Review)
Review
The tropical verrucous syndrome includes infectious, chronic, and granulomatous skin conditions appearing with plaques, nodules, or ulcers with a warty surface which gives name to the syndrome. It includes forms of chromoblastomycosis, sporotrichosis, paracoccidioidomycosis, lobomycosis, leishmaniasis, and tuberculosis verrucosa cutis with ample distribution in tropical and subtropical areas. The diagnoses may be difficult and confused among them, especially between sporotrichosis and leishmaniasis. Clinical, epidemiologic, intradermal reactions, direct smears, skin biopsies, cultures, immunofluorescence, and PCR are used to differentiate them, although several of these methods are not commonly used. We present an 18-year-old man with extensive verrucous plaques in one knee interpreted by clinic, epidemiology, and biopsy as verrucous cutaneous leishmaniasis. He was treated with Glucantime® for 20 days without improvement. A new biopsy was made that was also interpreted as cutaneous leishmaniasis. The revision of both biopsies showed inflammation with abscessed granulomas and asteroid sporotrichotic bodies at the center of the granulomas that led to the diagnosis of sporotrichosis later confirmed by the fungus culture. The patient responded to the treatment with itraconazole. As clinical and epidemiological findings of leishmaniasis and sporotrichosis can be similar, skin biopsy and other paraclinical studies are necessary to establish a proper diagnosis. The asteroid sporotrichotic body is pathognomonic of this mycosis. We review here the essential concepts of leishmaniasis and sporotrichosis and the criteria to differentiate them.
Topics: Adolescent; Antifungal Agents; Granuloma; Humans; Itraconazole; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous; Male; Skin; Sporotrichosis
PubMed: 34214265
DOI: 10.7705/biomedica.5757 -
Proteomic analysis of serum samples of paracoccidioidomycosis patients with severe pulmonary sequel.PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Aug 2021Pulmonary sequelae (PS) in patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) typically include pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Knowledge of the molecular pathways...
BACKGROUND
Pulmonary sequelae (PS) in patients with chronic paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) typically include pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema. Knowledge of the molecular pathways involved in PS of PCM is required for treatment and biomarker identification.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
This non-concurrent cohort study included 29 patients with pulmonary PCM that were followed before and after treatment. From this group, 17 patients evolved to mild/ moderate PS and 12 evolved severe PS. Sera from patients were evaluated before treatment and at clinical cure, serological cure, and apparent cure. A nanoACQUITY UPLC-Xevo QT MS system and PLGS software were used to identify serum differentially expressed proteins, data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD026906. Serum differentially expressed proteins were then categorized using Cytoscape software and the Reactome pathway database. Seventy-two differentially expressed serum proteins were identified in patients with severe PS compared with patients with mild/moderate PS. Most proteins altered in severe PS were involved in wound healing, inflammatory response, and oxygen transport pathways. Before treatment and at clinical cure, signaling proteins participating in wound healing, complement cascade, cholesterol transport and retinoid metabolism pathways were downregulated in patients with severe PS, whereas signaling proteins in gluconeogenesis and gas exchange pathways were upregulated. At serological cure, the pattern of protein expression reversed. At apparent cure pathways related with tissue repair (fibrosis) became downregulated, and pathway related oxygen transport became upregulated. Additionally, we identified 15 proteins as candidate biomarkers for severe PS.
CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE
Development of severe PS is related to increased expression of proteins involved in glycolytic pathway and oxygen exchange), indicative of the greater cellular activity and replication associated with early dysregulation of wound healing and aberrant tissue repair. Our findings provide new targets to study mechanisms of PS in PCM, as well as potential biomarkers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Proteomics; Serum
PubMed: 34424905
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009714 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Aug 2020
Topics: Acute Disease; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coinfection; Coronavirus Infections; Cross Infection; Humans; Male; Pandemics; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Pneumonia, Viral; Radiography, Thoracic; SARS-CoV-2; Young Adult
PubMed: 32776930
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008559 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The earliest interaction between macrophages and is particularly important in paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) progression, and surface proteins play a central role in this...
The earliest interaction between macrophages and is particularly important in paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) progression, and surface proteins play a central role in this process. The present study investigated the contribution of β2 integrin in -macrophage interaction and PCM progression. We infected β2-low expression (CD18) and wild type (WT) mice with 18. Disease progression was evaluated for fungal burden, lung granulomatous lesions, nitrate levels, and serum antibody production. Besides, the capacity of macrophages to internalize and kill fungal yeasts was investigated. Our results revealed that CD18 mice infected with Pb18 survived during the time analyzed; their lungs showed fewer granulomas, a lower fungal load, lower levels of nitrate, and production of high levels of IgG1 in comparison to WT animals. Our results revealed that macrophages from CD18 mice slowly internalized yeast cells, showing a lower fungal burden compared to WT cells. The migration capacity of macrophages was compromised and showed a higher intensity in the lysosome signal when compared with WT mice. Our data suggest that β2 integrins play an important role in fungal survival inside macrophages, and once phagocytosed, the macrophage may serve as a protective environment for
Topics: Animals; CD18 Antigens; Lung; Macrophages; Mice; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomycosis
PubMed: 33796477
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.622899 -
AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology Oct 2019Paracoccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection mainly caused by the thermodimorphic fungus . The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the neuroimaging findings from 24...
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Paracoccidioidomycosis is a fungal infection mainly caused by the thermodimorphic fungus . The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the neuroimaging findings from 24 patients with CNS paracoccidioidomycosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We performed a retrospective analysis focusing on the radiologic characteristics of CNS paracoccidioidomycosis. The 24 selected patients underwent MR imaging and/or CT, and the diagnosis was made by the presence of typical neuroimaging features, combined with fungus isolation, a serologic test, or the presence of disseminated disease.
RESULTS
Headache was the most common neurologic symptom, while the pseudotumoral form was the most common pattern. The number of lesions ranged from 1 to 11, with most localized on the frontal lobe with >2-cm lesions. CT showed mainly hypoattenuating lesions, whereas MR imaging demonstrated mainly hyposignal lesions on T1WI and T2WI. Furthermore, ring enhancement was present in most patients. The "dual rim sign" on SWI occurred in 100% of our patients with lesions of >2 cm.
CONCLUSIONS
The diagnosis of CNS paracoccidioidomycosis is difficult. Nevertheless, imaging examinations can play an important role in the diagnosis and evaluation of the disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Central Nervous System Fungal Infections; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroimaging; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 31515216
DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.A6203 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most relevant systemic endemic mycosis limited to Latin American countries. The etiological agents are thermally dimorphic species of... (Review)
Review
Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most relevant systemic endemic mycosis limited to Latin American countries. The etiological agents are thermally dimorphic species of the genus . Infection occurs respiratory tract by inhalation of propagules from the environmental (saprophytic) phase. In the lung alveoli the fungus converts to the characteristic yeast phase (parasitic) where interact with extracellular matrix proteins, epithelial cells, and the host cellular immunity. The response involves phagocytic cells recognition but intracellular have demonstrated the ability to survive and also multiply inside the neutrophils, macrophages, giant cells, and dendritic cells. Persistence of as facultative intracellular pathogen is important in terms of the fungal load but also regarding to the possibility to disseminate penetrating other tissues even protected by the phagocytes. This strategy to invade other organs transmigration of infected phagocytes is called Trojan horse mechanism and it was also described for other fungi and considered a factor of pathogenicity. This mini review comprises a literature revision of the spectrum of tools and mechanisms displayed by to overcame phagocytosis, discusses the Trojan horse model and the immunological context in proven models or the possibility that apply this tool for dissemination to other tissues.
Topics: Humans; Neutrophils; Paracoccidioides; Paracoccidioidomycosis; Phagocytes; Virulence
PubMed: 33680980
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.605679