-
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2022Paragonimiasis presents with nonspecific symptoms and radiologic findings, allowing for the possibility of misdiagnosis. Diagnosis is generally delayed due to lack of...
BACKGROUND
Paragonimiasis presents with nonspecific symptoms and radiologic findings, allowing for the possibility of misdiagnosis. Diagnosis is generally delayed due to lack of suspicion and presentation similar to pulmonary tuberculosis.
METHODS
A prospective observational study was carried out on 20 subjects at Civil Service Hospital of Nepal from March 2015 to June 2019 who presented with eosinophilia and pulmonary symptoms, and were treated empirically with Anti-tubercular therapy for suspicion of pulmonary tuberculosis.
RESULTS
The median age of the patient was 34 years. Mean blood absolute eosinophil count was 16678/ul. Fever was present in 80% (n=16). Cough was present in 90% (n=18). Pleural effusion was noticed in 100% (n=20). Chest computed tomography showed ground-glass opacities in 65% (n=13) of patients. Pleural fluid eosinophilia (>10%) was evident in all patients. Pleural fluid LDH was elevated in 85% (n=17) of patients. Similarly, ADA was high (>40U) in 75% (n= 15) of patients, and pleural fluid sugar was low in 80% (n=16) of patients. All patients (100%) gave a history of crab or snail consumption. egg was detected in five (25%) patients. Twenty patients fulfilled definite or probable diagnostic criteria of paragonimiasis. Ninety-five (n=19) patients responded to praziquantel.
CONCLUSION
Unavailability of serologic tests or failure to demonstrate parasitic egg under the microscope should not discourage physicians to consider the diagnosis of paragonimiasis when marked eosinophilia, high LDH levels, and low glucose levels are identified in pleural fluid of a patient with a history of raw crab or snail consumption.
PubMed: 36466025
DOI: 10.18502/ijpa.v17i3.10632 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Feb 2024
PubMed: 38311422
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.3179-23 -
Pathogens and Global Health May 2020Improving paragonimiasis surveillance, which is crucial for disease control, requires adopting new tools and techniques useful in mapping endemic areas. This study aimed...
Identification of suspected paragonimiasis-endemic foci using a questionnaire and detection of ova using the Ziehl-Neelsen technique in Zamboanga Region, the Philippines.
Improving paragonimiasis surveillance, which is crucial for disease control, requires adopting new tools and techniques useful in mapping endemic areas. This study aimed to (1) develop a questionnaire to identify suspected paragonimiasis-endemic foci, (2) describe the epidemiology of paragonimiasis, and (3) evaluate Ziehl-Nielsen Staining technique (ZNS) in detecting ova. The questionnaire, which municipal health officers filled out, was based on proposed site inclusion criteria utilized in the integrated tuberculosis (TB)-paragonimiasis surveillance and control project. Newly deployed medical technologists in Zamboanga Region underwent training, which included laboratory diagnosis of paragonimiasis using preserved and fresh specimens and an integrated tuberculosis-paragonimiasis survey in nine selected (villages). Paragonimiasis cases were found in seven out of the nine barangays identified by the questionnaire. Of the 373 patients, three (0.80%) were TB-positive, and 29 (7.77%) were paragonimiasis-positive. The highest paragonimiasis prevalence (27%) was found in Barangay Libato. Ziehl-Neelsen Staining technique (ZNS) correctly detected 8 out of the 29 samples positive (sensitivity - 27.59%; 95% CI: 12.73-47.24%) and all the 334 samples negative (specificity - 100%; 95% CI: 98.90-100%) for ova. The questionnaire may be improved by refining the inclusion criteria. In paragonimiasis-endemic areas, the ZNS and the NaOH concentration technique may be used for detecting ova. Modifying the ZNS, for instance by including a concentration step, may improve its sensitivity. The model for the integrated capacity building of health workers and surveillance and research demonstrated in this project may contribute to improving surveillance and control of paragonimiasis and other neglected tropical diseases.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Parasite Egg Count; Philippines; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 32191613
DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2020.1741900 -
Parasitology Sep 2022Human autochthonous infections with the trematode are increasingly being reported in North America, but the true prevalence and geographic distribution are unknown.... (Review)
Review
Human autochthonous infections with the trematode are increasingly being reported in North America, but the true prevalence and geographic distribution are unknown. Ingestion of raw crayfish is reported in most human cases, typically in the context of alcohol intoxication. Risk of infection varies depending on what part of the crayfish is ingested as metacercariae of (>50% mature to adults) localize to the heart and pericardium of the crayfish. Reported human cases have manifested primarily in otherwise healthy young adults presenting with severe eosinophilic pneumonia, pleuritis, systemic symptoms, dermatologic lesions and cerebral involvement. However, it is likely that many infections go unreported due to lack of awareness, mild illness or the absence of rapid commercially available diagnostic tests. Promising advances have been made related to novel diagnostic targets. Conservation of these antigen targets among at least four species could make these antigens viable for diagnostic testing of specifically as well as other species, but additional studies and funding investments are required. Public and physician awareness may have improved due to targeted education campaigns, but ongoing activities to raise awareness are needed, particularly in areas where cases have not been frequently reported to date.
Topics: Animals; Astacoidea; Humans; Metacercariae; North America; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus
PubMed: 35965058
DOI: 10.1017/S0031182021001359 -
Le Infezioni in Medicina Jun 2017Paragonimiasis is highly prevalent endemic food-borne disease in Southeast Asia and Latin America, and constitutes a major public health concern. A bibliometric analysis...
Paragonimiasis is highly prevalent endemic food-borne disease in Southeast Asia and Latin America, and constitutes a major public health concern. A bibliometric analysis was performed about the worldwide scientific production of paragonimiasis. We browsed in the Science Citation Index-Expanded (SCI-E) (1957-2015), Scopus (1976-2015), Medline/PubMed/GoPubMed® (1970-2015), ScIELO (1981-2014) and LILACS (1985-2011). All types of articles were included and categorized by year of publication, number, type of scientific article, city and institution of origin, international cooperation, scientific journal, impact factor, language of publication, authors and H index. In SCI-E, 1,028 manuscripts were recovered, while Japan (21.9%) and the USA (17.7%) were the countries with highest scientific production. In this database, Asian region studies received 5,454 citations (H index=32). In Scopus 2161 items were recovered, corresponding to 45.8% of Asian countries. Japan (18.2%) was the first with the University of Miyazaki (11.7% of the country); South Korea (9.5%) was second with the Seoul National University (11.2% of the country). In SciELO 29 items were found, with no contributions from the Asian region. In LILACS 1487 articles were found (22.9% covering Asia). Among the databases, the Journal of Parasitology (Impact factor=1.227) showed the highest number of manuscripts and "Agatsuma T", from Japan, was the author with most records. Japan and South Korea lead global scientific production on paragonimiasis. By contrast, in Latin America, production has been extremely low especially in the last five years.
Topics: Asia; Australia; Bibliometrics; Databases, Bibliographic; Europe; Humans; Latin America; Paragonimiasis; Parasitology; Publishing; Research; United States
PubMed: 28603233
DOI: No ID Found -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Feb 2019
Topics: Animals; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Parasitology; Republic of Korea; Sparganosis; Sparganum; Taenia solium; Taeniasis
PubMed: 30840805
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2019.57.1.77 -
Lung India : Official Organ of Indian... 2016Human infection by the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani is widely distributed in Africa, Asia, and South America. Transmission of the parasite to humans primarily...
BACKGROUND
Human infection by the lung fluke Paragonimus westermani is widely distributed in Africa, Asia, and South America. Transmission of the parasite to humans primarily occurs through the consumption of raw or undercooked crabs. Clinical features of recently diagnosed pulmonary Paragonimiasis show that patients present with a variety of clinical and radiological findings, frequently mimics tuberculosis and lung cancer.
METHODS
Here in this study, we report a cross-sectional study of pulmonary paragonimiasis in our institute over a period of two year.
RESULTS
it was observed that out of eleven cases, prevalence of paragonimiasis was almost equal among both the genders, with a mean age of 38.1 ± 16.96, affecting people from hills. Three patients were erroneously treated with antitubercular drugs without any relief. The association with eosinophilia in the peripheral blood and tissue[16] was seen in all the study subjects and majority patients had pleural fluid eosinophilia. Patients were diagnosed by serological test, Paragonimus ova in Sputum smear and Pleural fluid. All study subjects had excellent clinical responses to praziquantel given at dose of 25 mg/kg given orally 3 times daily for 3 consecutive days.
CONCLUSIONS
There is a need to generate awareness among the clinicians and public regarding Paragonimiasis and to consider it in differential diagnosis of TB and carcinoma lung. Physicians should consider the possibility of paragonimiasis among patients who present with chest complaints with eosinophilia from the endemic regions.
PubMed: 27051099
DOI: 10.4103/0970-2113.177436 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jun 2016
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Diagnosis, Differential; Lung; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Neoplasms, Neuroepithelial; Oligodendroglioma; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Spinal Cord Neoplasms
PubMed: 27172340
DOI: 10.2460/javma.248.11.1253 -
Eye and Brain 2014Parasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent in India, including the northeastern states. Proper epidemiological data are lacking from this part of the country on zoonotic... (Review)
Review
Parasitic zoonotic diseases are prevalent in India, including the northeastern states. Proper epidemiological data are lacking from this part of the country on zoonotic parasitic diseases, and newer diseases are emerging in the current scenario. Systemic manifestation of such diseases as cysticercosis, paragonimiasis, hydatidosis, and toxoplasmosis are fairly common. The incidence of acquired toxoplasmal infection is showing an increasing trend in association with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Among the ocular parasitic diseases, toxoplasmosis, cysticercosis, toxocariasis, dirofilariasis, gnathostomiasis, hydatidosis, amebiasis, giardiasis, etc, are the real problems that are seen in this subset of the population. Therefore, proper coordination between various medical specialities, including veterinary science and other governing bodies, is needed for better and more effective strategic planning to control zoonoses.
PubMed: 28539786
DOI: 10.2147/EB.S64404 -
Frontiers in Neurology 2022To investigate the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) manifestations of cerebral paragonimiasis (CP) in children and to improve the...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance image (MRI) manifestations of cerebral paragonimiasis (CP) in children and to improve the understanding of the disease.
METHODS
The cranial CT and MRI data of 12 children with positive intradermal tests for -specific antigens were retrospectively analyzed. Additionally, the lesion locations, morphology, and imaging characteristics were analyzed.
RESULTS
The lesions were located in the cerebral parenchyma in 12 cases, with 10 in the supratentorial area and two in the subtentorial area, among which three cases included involvement of the meninges. The morphology of the lesions was mainly nodular and striated, with clear or indistinct borders and varying degrees of surrounding edema. The lesions showed isodense or slightly hyperdense opacities on the CT scans, heterogeneous equal or slightly decreased signal intensities on the T1-weighted images (TWI), heterogeneous equal or slightly increased signal intensities on the T2-weighted images (TWI), and equal or slightly increased signal intensities on the diffusion-weighted images (DWI) in MRIs. In four cases, the cyst wall showed equal T1 and short T2 signals, and in six cases, the characteristic "tunnel sign" and "worm-eaten sign" were visible. The contrast-enhanced MRI showed strip-shaped enhancement in five cases, nodular or ring-shaped enhancement in three cases, linear enhancement in two cases, and uneven enhancement in two cases. The meninges adjacent to the lesions were thickened with significant enhancement in four cases.
CONCLUSION
CP was mostly located in the cerebral parenchyma with involvement of the adjacent meninges. CT and MRI scans had certain imaging characteristics, and the MRI may particularly be of great value for the diagnosis of CP.
PubMed: 35720062
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.852334