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Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2022Paragonimiasis is a food-borne infection caused by several species of the Paragonimus fluke. Clinical manifestations can mimic tuberculosis and contribute to diagnostic...
Paragonimiasis is a food-borne infection caused by several species of the Paragonimus fluke. Clinical manifestations can mimic tuberculosis and contribute to diagnostic delay. We report a cluster of paragonimiasis in a community in Ecuador, where active surveillance was set up after detection of the first 2 cases.
Topics: Animals; Delayed Diagnosis; Ecuador; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus
PubMed: 36148987
DOI: 10.3201/eid2810.220927 -
Infectious Diseases of Poverty Apr 2018Snail-borne parasitic diseases, such as angiostrongyliasis, clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, fasciolopsiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis and schistosomiasis, pose risks... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Snail-borne parasitic diseases, such as angiostrongyliasis, clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, fasciolopsiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis and schistosomiasis, pose risks to human health and cause major socioeconomic problems in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. In this review we summarize the core roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host, their clinical manifestations and disease distributions, as well as snail control methods.
MAIN BODY
Snails have four roles in the life cycles of the parasites they host: as an intermediate host infected by the first-stage larvae, as the only intermediate host infected by miracidia, as the first intermediate host that ingests the parasite eggs are ingested, and as the first intermediate host penetrated by miracidia with or without the second intermediate host being an aquatic animal. Snail-borne parasitic diseases target many organs, such as the lungs, liver, biliary tract, intestines, brain and kidneys, leading to overactive immune responses, cancers, organ failure, infertility and even death. Developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America have the highest incidences of these diseases, while some endemic parasites have developed into worldwide epidemics through the global spread of snails. Physical, chemical and biological methods have been introduced to control the host snail populations to prevent disease.
CONCLUSIONS
In this review, we summarize the roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host, the worldwide distribution of parasite-transmitting snails, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of snail-transmitted parasitic diseases, and the existing snail control measures, which will contribute to further understanding the snail-parasite relationship and new strategies for controlling snail-borne parasitic diseases.
Topics: Animals; Disease Vectors; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Parasitic Diseases; Snails
PubMed: 29628017
DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0414-7 -
The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Jan 2015Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis produces no specific symptoms or radiologic findings, allowing for the possibility of misdiagnosis. We evaluated the specific clinical and...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis produces no specific symptoms or radiologic findings, allowing for the possibility of misdiagnosis. We evaluated the specific clinical and pleural fluid features of pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis masquerading as pleural tuberculosis.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and radiologic characteristics of 20 patients diagnosed with pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis between 2001 and 2011.
RESULTS
In total, 17 patients presented with respiratory symptoms, including dyspnea (30%), hemoptysis (20%), cough (20%), and pleuritic chest pain (15%). Chest radiographs revealed intrapulmonary parenchymal lesions, including air-space consolidation (30%), nodular opacities (20%), cystic lesions (15%), ground-glass opacities (10%), and pneumothorax (5%). A pleural fluid examination revealed eosinophilia, low glucose levels, and high lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in 87%, 76%, and 88% of the patients, respectively. These traits helped to distinguish pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis from other pleural diseases such as parapneumonic effusion, malignancy, and pleural tuberculosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis is often initially misdiagnosed as other pleural diseases. Therefore, it is important to establish the correct diagnosis. In patients with unexplained pleural effusion living in paragonimiasis-endemic areas, pleural fluid obtained by thoracentesis should be examined to distinguish pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis. When marked eosinophilia, high LDH levels, and low glucose levels are identified in pleural fluid, physicians could consider a diagnosis of pleuropulmonary paragonimiasis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Animals; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Eosinophilia; Female; Glucose; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Middle Aged; Paracentesis; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus westermani; Pleural Effusion; Predictive Value of Tests; Retrospective Studies; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tuberculosis, Pleural; Young Adult
PubMed: 25589836
DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.30.1.56 -
Chinese Medical Journal Mar 2018
Topics: Clonorchiasis; Humans; Paragonimiasis
PubMed: 29483405
DOI: 10.4103/0366-6999.226079 -
Respirology Case Reports May 2021Human paragonimiasis has been appearing all over the world due to increased human migration, international travel, and worldwide food trading. However, delayed and...
Human paragonimiasis has been appearing all over the world due to increased human migration, international travel, and worldwide food trading. However, delayed and missed diagnosis rates are also increasing due to atypical clinical manifestations and the lack of disease understanding by clinical workers. We describe the case of a 43-year-old man, who was hospitalized with cough and chest pain for two months. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed bilateral emphysema, left pleural effusion, and bilateral atelectasis. The hypereosinophilia gave us a clue; ultimately, the diagnosis of paragonimiasis was made through a diet history and a positive result of serum sp. immunoglobulin (Ig) G antibody. Moreover, 27 misdiagnosed paragonimiasis cases in the past decade have been reported. We draw conclusions by summarizing their characteristics for suspicious eosinophilic paragonimiasis patients; we should inquire diet history carefully, test serum IgG antibodies, and try to detect eggs. Once diagnosed, praziquantel is preferred for treatment.
PubMed: 33959297
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.750 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Aug 2022Paragonimus kellicotti is a zoonotic lung fluke infection, the agent of North American paragonimiasis, and an excellent model for other Paragonimus infections. The...
Paragonimus kellicotti is a zoonotic lung fluke infection, the agent of North American paragonimiasis, and an excellent model for other Paragonimus infections. The excretory/secretory proteins (ESP) released by parasites and presented at the parasite-host interface are frequently proposed to be useful targets for drugs and/or vaccines In vitro culture conditions may alter ESP compared to those produced in vivo. In order to investigate ESPs produced in vivo we took advantage of the fact that adult P. kellicotti reproduce in the lungs of experimentally infected gerbils in tissue cysts. We performed a mass-spectrometric analysis of adult P. kellicotti soluble somatic protein (SSPs) extracts, excreted/secreted proteins (ESPs) produced by adult worms during in vitro culture, and lung cyst fluid proteins (CFPs) from experimentally infected gerbils. We identified 2,137 P. kellicotti proteins that were present in at least two of three biological replicates and supported by at least two peptides. Among those were 1,914 proteins found in SSP, 947 in ESP and 37 in CFP. In silico analysis predicted that only 141 of the total 2,137 proteins were secreted via classical or non-classical pathways. The most abundant functional categories in SSP were storage and oxidative metabolism. The most abundant categories in ESP were proteins related to metabolism and signal transduction. The 37 parasite-related proteins in CFP belonged to 11 functional categories. The largest groups were proteins with unknown function, cytoskeletal proteins and proteasome machinery. 29 of these 37 proteins were shared among all three sample types. To our knowledge, this is the first study that compares in vitro and in vivo ESP for any Paragonimus species. This study has provided new insights into ESPs of food-borne trematodes that are produced and released in vivo. Proteins released at the host-parasite interface may help the parasite evade host immunity and may represent new targets for novel treatments or diagnostic tests for paragonimiasis.
Topics: Animals; Cysts; Gerbillinae; Lung; Lung Diseases; Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus; Proteomics
PubMed: 35976975
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010679 -
Genomics & Informatics Sep 2021Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail, is widespread in East Asia. It is important as a food source. Additionally, it is a vector of clonorchiasis,...
Semisulcospira libertina, a species of freshwater snail, is widespread in East Asia. It is important as a food source. Additionally, it is a vector of clonorchiasis, paragonimiasis, metagonimiasis, and other parasites. Although S. libertina has ecological, commercial, and clinical importance, its whole-genome has not been reported yet. Here, we revealed the genome of S. libertina through de novo assembly. We assembled the whole-genome of S. libertina and determined its transcriptome for the first time using Illumina NovaSeq 6000 platform. According to the k-mer analysis, the genome size of S. libertina was estimated to be 3.04 Gb. Using RepeatMasker, a total of 53.68% of repeats were identified in the genome assembly. Genome data of S. libertina reported in this study will be useful for identification and conservation of S. libertina in East Asia.
PubMed: 34638179
DOI: 10.5808/gi.21039 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Apr 2023Paragonimiasis is a food-born zoonotic parasitosis caused by Paragonimus spp. Six cases of reemerging paragonimiasis within the Karan hill-tribe near the Thai-Myanmar...
Paragonimiasis is a food-born zoonotic parasitosis caused by Paragonimus spp. Six cases of reemerging paragonimiasis within the Karan hill-tribe near the Thai-Myanmar border were evaluated to review clinical manifestations, predisposing factors, and treatment regimens. All patients tested positive for paragonimiasis eggs and presented with an array of symptoms, including chronic cough, hemoptysis, peripheral eosinophilia, and thoracic radiograph abnormalities. All fully recovered after a 2- to 5-day course of 75 to 80 mg/kg/day praziquantel. We conclude that paragonimiasis should be considered during differential diagnoses to promote early treatment and to prevent misdiagnosis of reemerging or sporadic cases. This applies particularly to endemic regions and high-risk groups known to habitually consume raw or undercooked intermediate or paratenic hosts.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Paragonimiasis; Thailand; Praziquantel; Paragonimus; Hemoptysis
PubMed: 36848893
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0708 -
Cureus Mar 2023Paragonimiasis is a zoonosis caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked crustaceans parasitized with metacercaria of . In Peru, Cajamarca is considered an endemic...
Paragonimiasis is a zoonosis caused by the ingestion of raw or undercooked crustaceans parasitized with metacercaria of . In Peru, Cajamarca is considered an endemic region for paragonimiasis. A 29-year-old man from the department of San Martín, Peru presented with a three-year history of cough, chest pain, fever, and hemoptysis. Treatment for tuberculosis (TB) was initiated even with negative results for sputum acid-fast bacillus (AFB), due to the patient's clinical characteristics and the high prevalence of the condition in the region. After eight months, due to the lack of any clinical improvement, he was referred to a regional hospital, where eggs were evidenced in direct sputum cytology. The patient received treatment with triclabendazole and showed clinical and radiological improvement. It is important to consider eating habits, even in non-endemic areas, for diagnosing paragonimiasis in patients with TB symptoms who do not respond to a specific treatment.
PubMed: 37065342
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.36169 -
Oxford Medical Case Reports Nov 2017Paragonimiasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by trematodes of genus . We report case series of paragonimiasis with common symptoms of cough with...
Paragonimiasis is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis caused by trematodes of genus . We report case series of paragonimiasis with common symptoms of cough with blood tinged sputum, shortness of breath, chest pain with occasional fever, eosinophilia and radiological findings mimicking pulmonary tuberculosis and had taken anti-tubercular drug despite all investigation negative for tuberculosis without improvement. They all had common history of consumption of raw/undercooked crab. There is a local belief in remote villages of Nepal that eating raw crab helps in healing bone fracture and cure jaundice. Microscopic examination of sputum sample revealed the ova of species. All patients were treated with praziquantel and got improved. Pulmonary paragonimiasis is endemic in Southeast Asia including Nepal. So, it has to be differentiated from pulmonary tuberculosis in the patient with symptoms of cough, chest pain and hemoptysis with eosinophilia and having history of consumption of raw/undercooked crabs or crayfish.
PubMed: 29230303
DOI: 10.1093/omcr/omx083