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Reumatismo Dec 2018Paraneoplastic syndromes (PS) are a heterogeneous group of diseases related to a neoplasm, indirectly dependent on it. Diagnosis and the treatment are often a challenge... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic syndromes (PS) are a heterogeneous group of diseases related to a neoplasm, indirectly dependent on it. Diagnosis and the treatment are often a challenge for clinicians, not least because the pathogenetic mechanisms are highly complex and not entirely known. Nonetheless, in most cases, PS precede the diagnosis of malignancies, thus their identification is particularly important in addressing physicians' diagnostic work-up with regard to early cancer diagnosis. Among paraneoplastic syndromes, those of rheumatologic interest represent a large component. In this paper, we review the main rheumatic PS.
Topics: Humans; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 30570238
DOI: 10.4081/reumatismo.2018.1069 -
Veterinary Medicine and Science Jan 2023The diagnosis of internal neoplasia in horses is challenging. Increased production of hormones physiologic for adult animals (e.g., adrenocorticotropin, norepinephrine,... (Review)
Review
The diagnosis of internal neoplasia in horses is challenging. Increased production of hormones physiologic for adult animals (e.g., adrenocorticotropin, norepinephrine, and erythropoietin) or typical for the foetal phase (alpha-fetoprotein, anti-Müllerian hormone, and parathyroid-hormone-related protein) might aid in tumour diagnostics. Thymidine kinase-1 and alkaline phosphatase are examples of intracellular enzymes, whose activity in the blood may increase in some neoplasia cases. Furthermore, inappropriate production of abnormal monoclonal or autologous antibodies can accompany lymphoma and multiple myeloma. Many of those tumour markers lead to clinical or laboratory changes, called paraneoplastic syndromes, such as hypercalcaemia and erythrocytosis. The interpretation of the results of the tumour marker measurements in horses is complicated due to many factors affecting the markers' concentration or activity (e.g., young age, pregnancy, and inflammation) and other diseases triggering the same changes. Moreover, the presence of paraneoplastic syndromes is inconsistent, which leads to low sensitivity of those substances as tumour markers. In conclusion, screening for neoplasia in horses is not recommended. The measurement of tumour markers should be performed only in risk groups with suspicious clinical or laboratory findings, and the results should be interpreted with caution. It is advisable to add inflammatory markers to the tumour profile or repeat the measurements.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Biomarkers, Tumor; Lymphoma; Inflammation; Horse Diseases
PubMed: 36495211
DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1042 -
Pain Physician Sep 2019This comprehensive review of pain in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes focuses on current mechanisms that lead to pain, including autoimmune processes as well as the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This comprehensive review of pain in paraneoplastic neurological syndromes focuses on current mechanisms that lead to pain, including autoimmune processes as well as the systemic secretion of factors that sensitize nociceptive nerves. Systemic secretion of functional molecules is a well-recognized phenomenon in endocrine paraneoplastic syndromes; however, cancer pain research has predominantly focused on cytokine-nerve interactions in the tumor microenvironment, and few groups have applied the molecular mechanisms of local pain to study widespread neuropathic pain resulting from systemic secretion. We present a novel perspective in the field of pain research by converging data from clinical oncology with recent molecular pain research on cytokine-mediated sensitization of nociceptive nerves.
OBJECTIVE
Our objective was to conduct a review of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes and provide updates on therapeutic recommendations.
STUDY DESIGN
We used a narrative review design.
METHODS
This review was done using searches of PubMed, MEDLINE/OVID, SCOPUS, and manual searches of the bibliographies of known primary and review articles from inception to the present date. Other data sources included hand searches of publications driven by manuscript authors. Search terms included concepts of paraneoplastic syndrome and chronic pain with emphasis on both preclinical and clinical studies.
RESULTS
Articles were screened by title, abstract, and full article review. They were then analyzed by specific clinical indications and appropriate data was presented based on critical analysis of those articles.
LIMITATIONS
More studies that distinguish autoimmune paraneoplastic pain syndromes from those related to systemic cytokine secretion are required.
CONCLUSION
By providing a unified review across disciplines, we illustrate that neuropathic pain related to the systemic secretion of cytokines may represent another category of paraneoplastic neurological syndromes distinct from the well-known autoimmune neuronopathies. In addition, we discuss the clinical significance of distinguishing autoimmune paraneoplastic pain syndromes from those related to systemic cytokine secretion and highlight the need for further research at the intersection of these fields. This review takes a look at both past and current literature with a critical analysis of findings and respective recommendations. In addition, based on review of the literature we provide updated therapeutic recommendations for the consideration of pain practitioners when dealing with this patient population.
KEY WORDS
Paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, treatment guidelines, cytokines.
Topics: Chronic Pain; Cytokines; Humans; Neuralgia; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System
PubMed: 31561645
DOI: No ID Found -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... May 2022Paraneoplastic syndromes denote rare but notable phenomena caused by the tumour mediated release of bioactive substances. Peptide and non-peptide hormone causes are... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic syndromes denote rare but notable phenomena caused by the tumour mediated release of bioactive substances. Peptide and non-peptide hormone causes are explored with a particular focus on pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Early detection and management of paraneoplastic syndromes can improve morbidly and mortality; definitive treatment remains effective surgical or anti-tumour therapies. Pituitary autoimmunity may provide a novel presentation of paraneoplastic syndromes for which further research is warranted.
Topics: Endocrine System Diseases; Humans; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Endocrine Syndromes; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Pituitary Diseases
PubMed: 35153144
DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2022.101621 -
Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons... Oct 2015Doege-Potter syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome presenting as a hypoinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia from the ectopic secretion of a prohormone of insulin-like growth...
Doege-Potter syndrome is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome presenting as a hypoinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia from the ectopic secretion of a prohormone of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) from a solitary fibrous tumour. Surgical resection is curative in the majority of cases. If, however, the diagnosis is not suspected and treatment is delayed, it can lead to hypoxic cerebral injury or death. The underlying tumour can be a benign or malignant pleural tumour but may be present in extrapleural sites. For a diagnosis of Doege-Potter syndrome, symptoms attributable to hypoglycaemia and low blood glucose levels should be present along with the secretion of prohormone IGF-II. We report a case of severe hypoglycaemia in a 76-year-old inpatient admitted for resection of a recurrent left-sided pleural tumour. Investigation revealed true hypoglycaemia and Doege-Potter syndrome was diagnosed. The tumour was completely resected and the patient made a full recovery with no further hypoglycaemic episodes.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Hypoglycemia; Male; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Solitary Fibrous Tumor, Pleural
PubMed: 26414372
DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2015.0023 -
Advances in Clinical and Experimental... Oct 2018The aim of this study was to summarize the current knowledge of paraneoplastic syndromes involving eyes. The main interest was the immunopathogenesis of the... (Review)
Review
The aim of this study was to summarize the current knowledge of paraneoplastic syndromes involving eyes. The main interest was the immunopathogenesis of the abovementioned entities. A web search was conducted using Medline, Web of Science and Scopus engines. Key words concerning ocular paraneoplastic syndromes (OPS) such as: "ocular paraneoplastic syndrome", "cancer-associated retinopathy", "cancer-associated cone dysfunction", "melanoma-associated retinopathy", "bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation", and "paraneoplastic optic neuritis" were combined with "immunology", "immune response", "antibodies", or "autoantibodies". Numerous papers were found as a result of "ocular paraneoplastic syndrome" search and many of them matched the chosen criteria. We focused on the most recent papers - published in the last 5 years - and eventually, 92 items were found. Only several papers from each detailed category fulfilled both OPS and immunologic criteria. Site-specific paraneoplastic syndromes still remain a difficult clinical challenge. The immunopathogenesis of some of them seems to be more complex than previously thought.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Eye Neoplasms; Humans; Orbital Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 30289210
DOI: 10.17219/acem/73860 -
Endokrynologia Polska 2022Not required for Clinical Vignettes.
Not required for Clinical Vignettes.
Topics: Humans; Hypophosphatemia; Osteomalacia; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Fibroblast Growth Factors
PubMed: 36621920
DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2022.0033 -
Presse Medicale (Paris, France : 1983) Nov 2014Paronychia is an inflammation of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail; proximal and/or lateral nail folds. Acute paronychia is mainly due to bacterial infection,... (Review)
Review
Paronychia is an inflammation of the folds of tissue surrounding the nail; proximal and/or lateral nail folds. Acute paronychia is mainly due to bacterial infection, Staphyloccus aureus or Streptococcus sometimes viral infection (herpetic whitlow). Chronic paronychia is the result of numerous conditions in which the main factor is the disappearance of the cuticle. On fingers, etiology is often a contact dermatitis; bacterial or mycological infections are secondary colonizations. Onychomycosis due to moulds (Fusarium) or dematiae (Scytalidium dimitiadum) are often associated with paronychia. Paronychia is a frequent side-effect of chemotherapies and targeted therapies. Paronychia is a common complication of lateral or proximal (retronychia) ingrown nail and systemic antibiotics are ineffective unless infection is proved. Do not use systematically systemic antibiotics.
Topics: Acute Disease; Chronic Disease; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Inflammation; Nails, Ingrown; Neoplasms; Paraneoplastic Syndromes; Paronychia; Skin Diseases
PubMed: 25441843
DOI: 10.1016/j.lpm.2014.06.009 -
Le Infezioni in Medicina Dec 2015Eosinophils were previously considered granulocytes involved in host protection against helminth infections and in inflammation related to atopic diseases. Instead, as... (Review)
Review
Eosinophils were previously considered granulocytes involved in host protection against helminth infections and in inflammation related to atopic diseases. Instead, as supported by recent studies, eosinophils are today considered multifunctional cells involved also in homeostasis of the gastrointestinal tract and other organs, conferring innate and adaptive immunity to certain bacteria and viruses, and perhaps in the control of oncogenicity. Unexplained eosinophilia could be an expression of paraneoplastic syndrome or constitutional factors. Irrespective of the underlying conditions and aetiology of eosinophilia, eosinophil-derived substances may induce potentially irreversible organ damage. A diagnostic algorithm is discussed.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eosinophilia; Eosinophils; Gastrointestinal Tract; Helminthiasis; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Paraneoplastic Syndromes
PubMed: 26700079
DOI: No ID Found -
Eye (London, England) Jul 2022Paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the visual system are a group of conditions that arise in the systemic malignancy framework. In this review, we have provided a... (Review)
Review
Paraneoplastic syndromes affecting the visual system are a group of conditions that arise in the systemic malignancy framework. In this review, we have provided a detailed and comprehensive overview of the published literature on the various ophthalmic paraneoplastic manifestations. A systematic review of many databases has been performed to identify ample literature on the paraneoplastic syndromes related to ophthalmology. We have discussed here the clinical features, pathogenesis, and treatment strategies of various ophthalmic paraneoplastic syndromes. It can be challenging to distinguish these disorders from their non-paraneoplastic counterparts and to determine the appropriate systemic assessment for the tumour responsible, to have a proper approach towards the management of the syndrome. METHOD: We searched PubMed, Science Direct and Journal of Ophthalmology for studies published in English between 1995 and April 2020, incorporating the general search term "paraneoplastic ocular syndrome" with connecting terms relevant to subheadings-e.g. Key search terms were cancer-associated retinopathy, (CAR), melanoma-associated retinopathy, (MAR), paraneoplastic retinopathy, autoimmune retinopathy, autoimmune-related retinopathy, and optic neuropathy, (ARRON), acute zonal occult outer retinopathy, (AZOOR), paraneoplastic vitelliform maculopathy, paraneoplastic vitelliform retinopathy, bilateral diffuse uveal melanocytic proliferation, (BDUMP), paraneoplastic optic neuropathy, (PON), polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, monoclona gammopathy, and skin changes syndrome (POEMS) and various other terms. References from identified studies have been reviewed and included if deemed appropriate, valid, and scientifically important. If referenced in a selected English paper, we contemplated papers in other languages too. We preferentially selected papers that have been published in the last 10 years, but we have included relevant older references.
Topics: Autoantibodies; Autoimmune Diseases; Humans; Optic Nerve Diseases; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Ocular; Retinal Diseases; Retinal Neoplasms
PubMed: 34345027
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01676-x