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Psychopharmacology Bulletin Feb 2023This study aimed to explore the relationship between Captagon usage and the development of delusions of infidelity. The study sample; 101 male patients, was recruited... (Review)
Review
This study aimed to explore the relationship between Captagon usage and the development of delusions of infidelity. The study sample; 101 male patients, was recruited from patients admitted to Eradah Complex for Mental Health and addiction, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, with the diagnosis of amphetamine (Captagon) induced psychosis during the period from September 2021 to March 2022. All patients underwent an extensive psychiatric interview; including interview with patients' families; a demographic sheet, a drug use questionnaire, the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID 1), routine medical investigation, and urine screening for drugs. Patients' ages ranged from 19 to 46 years old with Mean ± SD 30.87 ± 6.58. 57.4 % were single, 77.2% have finished their high school, and 22.8% had no work. Captagon using age ranged from 14-40 years old, and regular daily dose ranged from 1-15 tablet, while maximum daily dose ranged from 2-25 tablets. Twenty-six patients (25.7%) of the study group have developed infidelity delusions. A higher divorce rate was present among patients who developed infidelity delusions (53.8%) in comparison to patients who developed other types of delusions (6.7%). Infidelity delusions are common among patients diagnosed with Captagon induce psychosis, and they harmfully influence their social lives.
Topics: Humans; Male; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Adolescent; Jealousy; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Psychotic Disorders; Amphetamine
PubMed: 36873918
DOI: No ID Found -
The British Journal of Clinical... Nov 2022This study aimed to investigate associations between proximity seeking, stress and paranoia in the context of daily life, and whether these relationships are moderated...
OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to investigate associations between proximity seeking, stress and paranoia in the context of daily life, and whether these relationships are moderated by trait attachment styles.
METHODS
Sixty non-clinical participants completed 3423 assessments of state stress, proximity seeking and paranoia over a 6-day period using an experience sampling method. Multilevel linear regression was performed to evaluate relationships between variables.
RESULTS
The post-hoc analysis showed antecedent events subjectively appraised as very unpleasant or very pleasant predicted greater levels of momentary proximity seeking at the subsequent timepoint. Greater stress predicted greater subsequent shifts or variability in proximity seeking. Changes in proximity seeking were not associated with momentary paranoia. However, for individuals with an avoidant attachment style, greater shifts in proximity seeking resulted in greater subsequent reports of paranoia.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that, in daily life, the attachment system may become active in response to stress. For those with an avoidant attachment style, an active attachment system may exacerbate paranoid thoughts possibly due to the activation of attachment-related beliefs that one should be fearful of unavailable others and instead rely on one's autonomy to regulate affect. These findings highlight the need to consider attachment in the assessment and formulation of paranoia.
Topics: Ecological Momentary Assessment; Emotions; Humans; Paranoid Disorders
PubMed: 35570710
DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12372 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Feb 2018This is a case report of hypochondrical paranoia in a young man, who was convinced of a toxic infection by fungi following mold growth exposure. The patient was admitted...
This is a case report of hypochondrical paranoia in a young man, who was convinced of a toxic infection by fungi following mold growth exposure. The patient was admitted to a psychiatric facility, severely pained by the delusional perception of his insides being eaten by fungus. He had undergone a thorough medical examination without the discovery of any somatic irregularities and had attempted to treat himself several times. After four months of hospital-ization and the prescription of antipsychotic treatment, he was in recovery. Mild delusions persisted but were no longer pathologically painful.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hypochondriasis; Male; Paranoid Disorders
PubMed: 29493502
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Medicine and Life Apr 2022Personality disorders can lead to difficult social or occupational functional processes rooted in chronic maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This study aimed...
Personality disorders can lead to difficult social or occupational functional processes rooted in chronic maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. This study aimed to investigate factors of personality disorder in prisoners from the central prison of Sanandaj, Iran. We conducted a cross-sectional study, which included all prisoners in the central prison of Sanandaj, Iran. The study sample includes 343 prisoners, of which 329 were male, and 14 were female, selected by randomized multistage sampling method. Participants filled in Millon's multi-axis clinical questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Chi-square, multiple logistic regression, and bootstrap analysis. There were 183 participants without personality disorders (53.4%) and 99 participants (28.9%) with cluster B personality disorders (narcissistic, histrionic, anti-social, and borderline). Male gender (OR=0.07) and elementary education level (OR=0.18) have a significant relationship with cluster A personality disorders (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal). Cluster B has a significant relationship only with the elementary education level (OR=0.27). Cluster C (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder) has a significant relationship with male gender (OR=0.20), elementary education level (OR=0.30), unemployment (OR=2.64), theft crime types (OR=0.38) and disputes and assaults (OR=0.18). Based on these results, psychological and psychiatric interventions in prisoners are suggested.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Iran; Logistic Models; Male; Personality Disorders; Prisoners
PubMed: 35646191
DOI: 10.25122/jml-2021-0317 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Feb 2019
Topics: Cataract; Cataract Extraction; Coercion; Humans; Informed Consent; Involuntary Treatment; Mental Disorders; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 30754946
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.18.0553 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Nov 2020We report evidence on the negative psychological effects of pandemics in people with personality disorders (PDs) and on the role of personality pathology in compliance... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
We report evidence on the negative psychological effects of pandemics in people with personality disorders (PDs) and on the role of personality pathology in compliance with mitigation-related behaviors. Considering the paucity of studies, after a description of the main features of PDs, on the basis of the current literature on pandemic and quarantine mental health impact, we trace some clinical hypotheses.
RECENT FINDINGS
Paranoid traits and detachment (cluster A) might lead to worse psychological outcomes. Cluster B patients may show more intense stress-related reactions and react strongly to social distancing, especially considering borderline personality disorder. Cluster C patients might be particularly prone to anxiety and stress due to fear of contagion and may be less flexible in adaptation to new routines. Evidence on compliance with mitigation measures is mixed, with lower compliance in cluster B patients and higher in cluster C ones. We suggest that PD patients might be particularly affected by pandemics. Furthermore, they might react differently, according to their main diagnosis. Similarly, compliance with mitigation measures may differ according to specific PDs. Our results should be considered as a starting point to reflect on therapeutic strategies to be adopted in the post-COVID-19 situation.
Topics: Anxiety; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Coronavirus Infections; Humans; Pandemics; Personality Disorders; Pneumonia, Viral; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33170391
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-020-01204-w -
Biological Psychiatry. Cognitive... Nov 2022Persecutory delusions are among the most common delusions in schizophrenia and represent the extreme end of the paranoia continuum. Paranoia is accompanied by...
BACKGROUND
Persecutory delusions are among the most common delusions in schizophrenia and represent the extreme end of the paranoia continuum. Paranoia is accompanied by significant worry and distress. Identifying cognitive mechanisms underlying paranoia is critical for advancing treatment. We hypothesized that aberrant belief updating, which is related to paranoia in human and animal models, would also contribute to persecutory beliefs in individuals with schizophrenia.
METHODS
Belief updating was assessed in 42 participants with schizophrenia and 44 healthy control participants using a 3-option probabilistic reversal learning task. Hierarchical Gaussian Filter was used to estimate computational parameters of belief updating. Paranoia was measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the revised Green et al. Paranoid Thoughts Scale. Unusual thought content was measured with the Psychosis Symptom Rating Scale and the Peters et al. Delusions Inventory. Worry was measured using the Dunn Worry Questionnaire.
RESULTS
Paranoia was significantly associated with elevated win-switch rate and prior beliefs about volatility both in schizophrenia and across the whole sample. These relationships were specific to paranoia and did not extend to unusual thought content or measures of anxiety. We observed a significant indirect effect of paranoia on the relationship between prior beliefs about volatility and worry.
CONCLUSIONS
This work provides evidence that relationships between belief updating parameters and paranoia extend to schizophrenia, may be specific to persecutory beliefs, and contribute to theoretical models implicating worry in the maintenance of persecutory delusions.
Topics: Humans; Paranoid Disorders; Schizophrenia; Delusions; Anxiety; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 35430406
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2022.03.013 -
Psychiatry Research Jan 2022Paranoia is an important psychiatric symptom with a remarkable effect on daily life. Virtual reality (VR)-based treatments are influential and safe for patients with... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Paranoia is an important psychiatric symptom with a remarkable effect on daily life. Virtual reality (VR)-based treatments are influential and safe for patients with paranoia. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness, and define the clinical and technical characteristics of available VR strategies for the treatment of patients with paranoia.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Studies published up to 25/11/2021 reporting VR-based interventions for the treatment of patients with paranoia were reviewed in five databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, PsycINFO, and Scopus.
RESULTS
Out of 302 initial search results, eight were included in the present study based on the inclusion criteria. Six studies were randomized clinical trials with the interventions in the experimental group being based on VR, compared to routine interventions as controls. Two were before-after studies. The most commonly used hardware and software were head-mounted display and Unity3D, respectively. Interventions had a range of 1-16 sessions with follow-up durations of 0-6 months. All investigations showed positive results in the main target, including improved social participation, reduced level of anxiety, as well as diminished suspicious ideas and paranoid symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings demonstrated that VR-based interventions are effective treatments. Although the use of VR technology is limited for a variety of reasons, such as cost, it improves symptoms in patients with paranoia.
Topics: Anxiety; Humans; Paranoid Disorders; Virtual Reality; Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy
PubMed: 34922239
DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.114338