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Journal of Infusion Nursing : the... 2016Intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE) is an important source of calories and essential fatty acids for patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Administered as an... (Review)
Review
Intravenous fat emulsion (IVFE) is an important source of calories and essential fatty acids for patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN). Administered as an individual infusion or combined with PN, the fats provided by IVFE are vital for cellular structural function and metabolism. The affinity of some medications to lipids has led to the use of IVFE as a treatment for any lipophilic drug overdose. This article will explain the available formulations of IVFE, administration, and maintenance issues, as well as the risks and benefits for various applications.
Topics: Antidotes; Fat Emulsions, Intravenous; Humans; Lipids; Nutrition Policy; Parenteral Nutrition
PubMed: 27828934
DOI: 10.1097/NAN.0000000000000194 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Jun 2017
Review
Topics: Adult; Child; Critical Care; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition, Total
PubMed: 29154660
DOI: 10.20960/nh.1374 -
Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical... 2020This study aimed to describe and analyze the research outputs on enteral nutrition, which is the administration of food through the gastrointestinal tract for nutrition...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
This study aimed to describe and analyze the research outputs on enteral nutrition, which is the administration of food through the gastrointestinal tract for nutrition maintenance.
METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN
We searched the Web of Science Core Collection database for original publications on enteral nutrition research from 2010 to 2019. HistCite and VOSviewer software were used for analysis and visualization of the publication outputs, journals, institutions, keywords, cocitations, and collaborations among authors in different countries or regions.
RESULTS
A total of 963 relevant articles were included. The number of publications in 2010 and 2019 were 68 and 139, respectively. Nutrition in Clinical Practice and the Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition had the highest number of publications and cocitations (76, 7.89%; 2058), respectively. The United States and China were the top contributors, accounting for 24.1% and 22.3% of the total articles, respectively. Andrew S. Day and Stephen A. McClave were core researchers in this field. Primary authors collaborated closely. Enteral nutrition, parenteral nutrition, and support were the three most common keywords. The top 10 cocited references concerned administering early enteral nutrition therapy in acutely ill patients and patients with acute Crohn's disease. Crohn's disease, acute pancreatitis, upper gastrointestinal malignancy, and other surgical diseases were among the research hotspots.
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings can help researchers identify notable research trends and clinically relevant articles. New catheterization technologies are a future research direction.
Topics: Acute Disease; Crohn Disease; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Pancreatitis; Parenteral Nutrition; United States
PubMed: 33377361
DOI: 10.6133/apjcn.202012_29(4).0002 -
Nutrition and Health Sep 2022Malnutrition in COVID-19 hospitalized patients is associated with a high-risk condition to increase disease severity and prolonging the recovery period. Therefore,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Malnutrition in COVID-19 hospitalized patients is associated with a high-risk condition to increase disease severity and prolonging the recovery period. Therefore, nutritional therapy, including supplements plays a critical role to reduce disease-related complications and the length of hospital stay.
AIM
To review the latest evidence on nutritional management options in COVID-19 hospitalized patients, as well as possibly prescribed supplements. This review was conducted by considering the latest recommendations, using the guidelines of the American Society of Enteral and Parenteral (ASPEN) and the European Society of Enteral and Parenteral (ESPEN), and searching Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, ISI, and Medline databases. The relevant articles were found using a mix of related mesh terms and keywords. We attempted to cover all elements of COVID-19 hospitalized patients' dietary management. Energy demand in COVID-19 patients is a vital issue. Indirect Calorimetry (IC) is the recommended method to measure resting energy expenditure. However, in the absence of IC, predictive equations may be used. The ratio of administered diet for the macronutrients could be based on the phase and severity of Covid-19 disease. Moreover, there are recommendations for taking micronutrient supplements with known effects on improving the immune system or reducing inflammation. Nutritional treatment of COVID-19 patients in hospitals seems to be an important element of their medical care. Enteral nutrition would be the recommended feeding method for early nutrition support. However, data in the COVID-19 nutritional domain relating to micronutrient supplementation are still fragmentary and disputed, and further study is required.
Topics: COVID-19; Enteral Nutrition; Humans; Micronutrients; Nutritional Support; Parenteral Nutrition; United States
PubMed: 35581719
DOI: 10.1177/02601060221101696 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Jun 2017
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Catheter-Related Infections; Catheterization, Central Venous; Child; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Pediatrics
PubMed: 29154668
DOI: 10.20960/nh.1382 -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Jun 2017
Review
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Parenteral Nutrition, Home; Pediatrics; Vascular Access Devices
PubMed: 29154670
DOI: 10.20960/nh.1384 -
The Journal of Nutrition Feb 2022Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) refers to a spectrum of conditions that can develop cholestasis, steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis in the setting... (Review)
Review
Parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease (PNALD) refers to a spectrum of conditions that can develop cholestasis, steatosis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis in the setting of parenteral nutrition (PN) use. Patient risk factors include short bowel syndrome, bacterial overgrowth and translocation, disturbance of hepatobiliary circulation, and lack of enteral feeding. A growing body of evidence suggests an intricate linkage between the gut microbiota and the pathogenesis of PNALD. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the taxonomic and functional changes in the gut microbiota that might serve as noninvasive biomarkers. We also discuss the function of microbial metabolites and associated signaling pathways in the pathogenesis of PNALD. By providing the perspectives of microbiota-host interactions in PNALD for basic and translational research and summarizing current limitations of microbiota-based approaches, this review paves the path for developing novel and precise microbiota-based therapies in PNALD.
Topics: Cholestasis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Liver; Liver Diseases; Parenteral Nutrition
PubMed: 34734271
DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab380 -
European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy :... Sep 2020For newborn and preterm infants, standardised and individual parenteral nutrition (PN) is used. PN preparation is at risk for contamination and dosing errors. The...
BACKGROUND
For newborn and preterm infants, standardised and individual parenteral nutrition (PN) is used. PN preparation is at risk for contamination and dosing errors. The quality of PN is crucial for infants and has a direct impact on their health status and safety.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study is to evaluate the physicochemical and microbial quality of PN for newborn and preterm infants prepared on a neonatal ward.
METHODS
Sampling of various individual PN prepared by nurses on a neonatal ward was performed. Formulations included maximal four electrolytes, variable dextrose and amino acid concentrations. Depending on the sample volume, up to three quality analyses were performed: (1) test for bacterial endotoxins by kinetic-chromogenic method, (2) sterility according to the European and US Pharmacopoeia, and (3) quantification of electrolytes by capillary electrophoresis and of dextrose by ultraviolet detection after enzymatic reaction of hexokinase. The concentrations obtained were evaluated based on the US and Swiss Pharmacopoeia specifications for compounded preparations and compared to the widened pharmacy specifications.
RESULTS
The composition of 86% of the 110 analysed PN prepared by nurses on the neonatal ward corresponded to their medical prescription. 14% were out of the acceptable widened pharmacy ranges. We found no microbial contamination in the samples. All PN were free from endotoxins.
CONCLUSION
Component concentrations of PN prepared on wards by nurses differed frequently and significantly from their medical prescription, and the deviation can be critical depending on the component and its mode of action. The sample size is too small to evaluate the microbial contamination.
Topics: Drug Contamination; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Infant Health; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Nurse's Role; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; Quality Control
PubMed: 32839262
DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2018-001788 -
Archivos Argentinos de Pediatria Jun 2018Aggressive parenteral nutrition is the standard of care among very-low-birth weight preterm infants. However, in recent studies, its impact on short-term outcomes, has... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
INTRODUCTION
Aggressive parenteral nutrition is the standard of care among very-low-birth weight preterm infants. However, in recent studies, its impact on short-term outcomes, has been evaluated. The objective was to compare the prevalence of hypercalcemia and hypophosphatemia among preterm infants receiving aggressive or standard parenteral nutrition.
METHODS
Observational, retrospective study comparing a group of preterm infants weighing less than 1250 grams who received aggressive parenteral nutrition with a historical control group. The prevalence of hypercalcemia was estimated and its association with aggressive parenteral nutrition was searched adjusting by confounders. The mean phosphate level was estimated for the control group by linear regression and was compared to the value in the other group.
RESULTS
Forty patients per group were included. The prevalence of hypercalcemia was higher in the group who received aggressive parenteral nutrition (87.5% versus 35%, p= 0.001). Aggressive parenteral nutrition was associated with hypercalcemia when adjusting by birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, amino acid, and calorie intake (adjusted odds ratio: 21.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.7-128). The mean calcium level was different between both groups (p= 0.002). Infants who received aggressive parenteral nutrition had more sepsis without reaching statistical significance and the mean phosphate level was lower than that estimated for the control group (p= 0.04). The prevalence of hypophosphatemia in this group was 90% (95% CI: 76-97%).
CONCLUSIONS
Our data show an association between hypercalcemia/hypophosphatemia and aggressive parenteral nutrition. It is recommended to frequently monitor calcium and phosphate levels since they might be associated with adverse clinical outcomes.
Topics: Calcium; Humans; Hypercalcemia; Hypophosphatemia; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Parenteral Nutrition; Phosphates; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 29756708
DOI: 10.5546/aap.2018.eng.e371 -
Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Sep 2022With the improvements in medical technology, more premature infants and infants with congenital intestinal malformations or other conditions who need parenteral... (Review)
Review
With the improvements in medical technology, more premature infants and infants with congenital intestinal malformations or other conditions who need parenteral nutrition (PN) support can survive. PN technology has become an important therapeutic strategy in neonatal intensive care units. Due to differences in the qualifications of medical staffs, hospital pharmacy management, hospital level, etc, the composition and preparation methods of PN prescription vary greatly in different regions and hospitals in China. In addition, delays in the starting time of PN, unreasonable formula of nutrition components, poor prescription review, large workload involved in the preparation of PN for nurses, and waste of drugs are prone to happen. In view of these issues, our hospital independently developed standardized formulas of neonatal PN solution, which has been approved in Australia as a patented invention. Herein, we reported the composition and application protocol of this standardized PN solution for newborns.
Topics: China; Drug Compounding; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Parenteral Nutrition
PubMed: 36224701
DOI: 10.12182/20220960107