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International Journal of Environmental... Nov 2021This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the physical activity (PA) of older adults with pre-frail status by examining sedentary behavior (SB) and PA using...
This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize the physical activity (PA) of older adults with pre-frail status by examining sedentary behavior (SB) and PA using triaxial accelerometer data, with non-frail older adults as the control group. In this study, we divided the study participants into older adults who regularly participated in self-initiated citizen group exercise activities and those who did not. Data were collected between September and December 2017. We analyzed data from 256 older adults (women: 86.3%) aged ≥65 years. The interaction effect of participation status (participation and non-participation group) and frailty status (pre-frail and non-frail group) for moderate-to-vigorous PA (F = 9.178, = 0.003) and daily mean number of steps (F = 9.351, = 0.002) was significant. For the participation group, there was no difference between pre-frail older adults and non-frail older adults regarding length of SB and PA time, indicating that PA level was maintained in the participating pre-frail older adults. In contrast, moderate-to-vigorous PA and daily mean number of steps were low in pre-frail older adults who did not participate in the activities. The opportunity to participate in self-initiated group exercise activities and other PAs in the community may help pre-frail older adults maintain their PA.
Topics: Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Exercise; Female; Frail Elderly; Frailty; Humans; Sedentary Behavior
PubMed: 34886059
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182312328 -
BMC Gastroenterology May 2022Guidelines on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommend screening of average-risk adults only. In addition, screening of individuals with active inflammatory bowel...
BACKGROUND
Guidelines on colorectal cancer (CRC) screening recommend screening of average-risk adults only. In addition, screening of individuals with active inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) might result in too many false-positive cases. However, the organisers of CRC screening programmes are often uninformed of whom to exclude due to an elevated CRC risk or active IBD. It is therefore unknown how often high-risk individuals (i.e. individuals with a previous diagnosis of CRC or polyps associated with hereditary CRC syndromes and certain patient groups with a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or multiple polyps) and individuals with active IBD participate in CRC screening following invitation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We used data from the first two years of the Danish CRC screening programme (2014-2015). Information on invitations, participations and FIT test results were obtained from the national screening database, while information on previous CRC, hereditary CRC syndromes, IBD or multiple polyps diagnoses were obtained from the Danish Cancer Registry and the Danish Patient Register. Screening participation rates and FIT-positive rates were calculated and compared for high-risk invitees, invitees having IBD and an average risk group of remaining invitees not diagnosed with colorectal polyps in 10 years preceding the invitation.
RESULTS
When invited to CRC screening, 28-48% of high-risk residents (N: 29; 316; 5584) and 55% of residents with IBD (N: 2217; 6927) chose to participate. The participation rate was significantly higher (67%) among residents without previous colorectal disease, i.e. the average risk group (N = 585,624). In this average group 6.7% of the participants had a positive FIT test. The proportion of positive FIT results was higher among all disease groups (7.7-14.8%), though not statistically significant for participants with prior CRC diagnosis and participants with high-risk IBD.
CONCLUSION
When high-risk residents and residents with IBD receive an invitation to CRC screening, many participate despite being recommended not to. The screening program was not intended for these groups and further research is needed as several of these groups have a higher rate of positive screening result than the average risk population.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Colorectal Neoplasms; Early Detection of Cancer; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Mass Screening; Occult Blood
PubMed: 35596148
DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02331-9 -
Dying persons' perspectives on, or experiences of, participating in research: An integrative review.Palliative Medicine Apr 2018Conducting research with dying persons can be controversial and challenging due to concerns for the vulnerability of the dying and the potential burden on those who... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Conducting research with dying persons can be controversial and challenging due to concerns for the vulnerability of the dying and the potential burden on those who participate with the possibility of little benefit.
AIM
To conduct an integrative review to answer the question 'What are dying persons' perspectives or experiences of participating in research?
DESIGN
A structured integrative review of the empirical literature was undertaken.
DATA SOURCES
Cumulative Index Nursing and Allied Health Complete, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Informit and Embase databases were searched for the empirical literature published since inception of the databases until February 2017.
RESULTS
From 2369 references, 10 papers were included in the review. Six were qualitative studies, and the remaining four were quantitative. Analysis revealed four themes: value of research, desire to help, expression of self and participation preferences. Dying persons value research participation, regarding their contribution as important, particularly if it provides an opportunity to help others. Participants perceived that the potential benefits of research can and should be measured in ways other than life prolongation or cure. Willingness to participate is influenced by study type or feature and degree of inconvenience.
CONCLUSION
Understanding dying persons' perspectives of research participation will enhance future care of dying persons. It is essential that researchers do not exclude dying persons from clinically relevant research due to their prognosis, fear or burden or perceived vulnerability. The dying should be afforded the opportunity to participate in research with the knowledge it may contribute to science and understanding and improve the care and treatment of others.
Topics: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Palliative Care; Patient Participation; Patients; Research; Terminally Ill
PubMed: 29235418
DOI: 10.1177/0269216317744503 -
Cureus May 2020The construct of reliability in health professions education serves as a measure of the congruence of interpretations across assessment tools. When used as an assessment... (Review)
Review
The construct of reliability in health professions education serves as a measure of the congruence of interpretations across assessment tools. When used as an assessment strategy, healthcare simulation serves to elicit specific participant behaviors sought by medical educators. In healthcare simulation, reliability often refers to the ability to consistently reproduce a simulation and that reproducing a simulation setting can consistently expose participants to the same conditions, thus achieving simulation reliability. However, some articles have expressed that simulations are vulnerable to error stemming from design conceptualization to implementation, and the impact of social factors when participants interact and engage with others during participation. The purpose of this definitional review is to examine how reliability has been conceptualized and defined in healthcare simulation, and how the attributes of simulations may present challenges for the traditional concept of reliability in health professions education. Data collection and analysis was approached through a constructivist perspective and grounded theory strategies. Articles between 2009-2019 were filtered applying keywords related to simulation development and design. Data winnowing was structured around a framework viewing simulation as a social practice where participants interact with simulation setting attributes. Healthcare simulation setting reliability is not directly defined but described as errors introduced by the interactions between simulation design attributes and tasks performed by simulated participants. Based on the ontology of simulation's design attributes believed to introduce setting errors, lexical terms related to reliability suggest how simulated participants are trained to refine or maintain their performance tasks that aim to mitigate errors. To achieve reliability in health professions education (HPE) and healthcare simulation, both domains seek to assess the consistency of a construct being measured. In HPE, reliability refers to the consistency of quality measures across a range of psychometric tests used to assess a participant's medical aptitude. In healthcare simulation setting, reliability refers to the consistency of a simulated participant (SP) performing a task that is tailored to mitigate errors introduced by simulation design attributes. Consequently, inconsistencies in SP performance subject participants to setting errors exposing them to unequal conditions that influence competency achievement. What is already known on this subject: Performance competency assessment using healthcare simulation is increasingly common. The types of design attributes incorporated into a simulation setting. The use of incorporating simulated participants into a simulation setting. Simulated participants require training prior to simulation setting implementation. What this paper adds: Identifies attributes of a simulation setting that are most commonly thought to interfere with setting reliability. Identifies the relationships among setting attributes and simulated participant performances that influence setting reliability. Identifies terms tied to the achievement of simulation setting reliability. Examines simulated participant training processes aimed to mitigate errors introduced by simulation design attributes.
PubMed: 32542164
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8111 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2022Longitudinal observational studies play on an important role for evidence-based research on health services and psychiatric rehabilitation. However, information is...
BACKGROUND
Longitudinal observational studies play on an important role for evidence-based research on health services and psychiatric rehabilitation. However, information is missing about the reasons, why patients participate in such studies, and how they evaluate their participation experience.
METHODS
Subsequently to their final assessment in a 2-year follow-up study on supported housing for persons with severe mental illness, = 182 patients answered a short questionnaire on their study participation experience (prior experiences, participation reasons, burden due to study assessments, intention to participate in studies again). Basic respondent characteristics as well as symptom severity (SCL-K9) were also included in the descriptive and analytical statistics.
RESULTS
To help other people and curiosity were cited as the main initial reasons for study participation (>85%). Further motives were significantly associated with demographic and/or clinical variables. For instance, "relieve from boredom" was more frequently reported by men and patients with substance use disorders (compared to mood disorders), and participants 'motive" to talk about illness" was associated with higher symptom severity at study entry. Furthermore, only a small proportion of respondents indicated significant burdens by study participation and about 87% would also participate in future studies.
CONCLUSIONS
The respondents gave an overall positive evaluation regarding their participation experience in an observational study on psychiatric rehabilitation. The results additionally suggest that health and social care professionals should be responsive to the expectations and needs of patients with mental illness regarding participation in research.
PubMed: 35185660
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.834389 -
International Journal of Environmental... Mar 2021This study aims to investigate effects of three factors from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)-attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control-on 233...
This study aims to investigate effects of three factors from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)-attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control-on 233 fencing club members' intention to continue participation, while considering fencing's low popularity as a sport in Korea. This study analyzed data from members of fencing clubs in Seoul, Gyeonggi, Daegu, and Busan, using frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlational analysis, and multiple regression with SPSS Windows 25.0 software. Results indicate that selected TPB model factors-specifically attitude and subjective norms-positively affected intention to continue participating. Moreover, significant influences of attitude and subjective norms were found in both men and women. Attitude significantly influenced intention in participants in their twenties, thirties, and forties or over; subjective norms significantly influenced intention in participants in their twenties and forties or over; and perceived behavioral control significantly influenced intention in participants in their thirties. Lastly, attitude and subjective norms significantly influenced intention when subjects participated once a week or twice a week and at least three times a week, and perceived behavioral control significantly influenced intention only when they participated at least three times a week. This suggests that members perceived their participation in fencing favorably and that the people around them encouraged them to continue participation in fencing and viewed it as a positive activity. The findings may be useful for understanding how to further popularize fencing in Korea and encourage current club members to maintain or increase their participation levels.
Topics: Attitude; Female; Humans; Intention; Male; Psychological Theory; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Seoul; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33802048
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062813 -
Archives of Physical Medicine and... Sep 2019To investigate the influence of traditional culture on health, disability, and health care services among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children and youth...
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the influence of traditional culture on health, disability, and health care services among American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) children and youth with disabilities.
DESIGN
Exploratory descriptive qualitative analysis.
SETTING
Tertiary children's hospital.
PARTICIPANTS
A purposively sampled group (N=17) of AI/AN youth (n=4) with disability lasting at least 6 months age 8-24 years old and parents (n=13) of AI/AN children with disability lasting at least 6 months age 6 months to 17 years old.
INTERVENTIONS
Not applicable.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Participant responses to semistructured interview questions regarding health beliefs, daily activities, participation in cultural activities, and experiences receiving or having their child receive health care and rehabilitation services.
RESULTS
Three themes were identified: (1) participation in cultural activities is important for health as an AI/AN person; (2) experiences participating in cultural activities with functional differences; and (3) lack of recognition of the culturally related functional needs of AI/AN children with disabilities by rehabilitation providers. Children participated in cultural activities primarily through attendance at community-wide events. Barriers to participation in cultural activities included environmental barriers and adaptive mobility devices ill-suited to rough terrain. Participants perceived addressing functional needs related to culture, and cultural activities was not an expected part of rehabilitation services.
CONCLUSIONS
AI/AN children with disabilities experience barriers to participation in cultural activities, making it hard for them to achieve their definition of ideal health. Rehabilitation services have not identified or addressed these unmet culturally related functional needs.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alaska Natives; Child; Child, Preschool; Culturally Competent Care; Disabled Persons; Environment; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Indians, North American; Infant; Interviews as Topic; Male; Middle Aged; Parents; Qualitative Research; Self-Help Devices; Social Participation; Young Adult
PubMed: 30578776
DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2018.11.016 -
Health Policy and Technology Jun 2023Public health research relies heavily on participant involvement. Investigators have examined factors that affect participation and found that altruism enables...
Public health research relies heavily on participant involvement. Investigators have examined factors that affect participation and found that altruism enables engagement. At the same time, time commitment, family concerns, multiple follow-up visits, and potential adverse events are barriers to engagement. Thus, investigators may need to find new methods to attract and motivate participants to participate, including new compensation methods. As cryptocurrency is being increasingly used and accepted to pay and reimburse people for work activities, this currency should be similarly explored as an option for research participants to attempt to incentivize them to participate in studies and offer new possibilities for study reimbursement. This paper explores the potential use of cryptocurrency as a form of compensation in public health research studies and discusses the pros and cons of its use. Although few studies have used cryptocurrency to compensate participants, cryptocurrency may be used as a reward for various research tasks, including filling out surveys, participating in in-depth interviews or focus groups, and/or completing interventions. Using cryptocurrencies to compensate participants in health-related studies can provide benefits such as anonymity, security, and convenience. However, it also poses potential challenges, including volatility, legal and regulatory challenges, and the risk of hacking and fraud. Researchers must carefully weigh the benefits against the potential downsides before using them as a compensation method in health-related studies.
PubMed: 37332835
DOI: 10.1016/j.hlpt.2023.100746 -
PloS One 2023UniSA's Invictus Pathways Program (IPP) is motivated by the spirit of the Invictus Games to mobilise the benefits of sport to aid physical, psychological, and social...
INTRODUCTION
UniSA's Invictus Pathways Program (IPP) is motivated by the spirit of the Invictus Games to mobilise the benefits of sport to aid physical, psychological, and social wellbeing. Originally developed to assist veterans to train for and participate in the Invictus Games, the program has extended its scope to promote recovery and wellbeing for all veterans through physical activity. This paper describes the expectations and experiences of the IPP from the perspective of program participants.
METHODS
Objective measures of physical and psychological wellbeing were collected by survey, to enable description of the participating veterans' wellbeing status. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants of the IPP who had not participated in an Invictus Games or Warrior Games. Reflexive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interview data. Coding and themes were developed through a mixture of inductive and deductive approaches to analysis. Initial themes related to previous life experience, expectations of participation, and outcomes of participation were preconceived, but the analysis provided scope for an inductive approach to formulate additional themes.
FINDINGS
Five of the participants had very high K10 scores, and scores above the norm for PCL-C, whilst one would be classified with an alcohol disorder. The qualitative analysis identified five higher order themes: Life experiences prior to participation in the IPP, Making a choice to participate in the IPP, Expectations of participation in the IPP, Impact of participation in the IPP, and Future Plans. There were perceptions that the IPP was beneficial for the participating veterans, irrespective of their physical and psychological health status. Participants described the positive impact of the IPP on their physical fitness, their social engagement, and their sense of belonging within the IPP and the university. Participants perceived the IPP to be an opportunity for them to 'give back' by contributing to the education of the students delivering the IPP. Participants reported the intention to continue being physically active. For some, this meant selection in an Invictus Games team, for others, this meant getting involved in community sporting organisations.
CONCLUSION
The Invictus Pathways Program has been shown to have a positive impact on the physical and psychological wellbeing of the veterans who participated in its initial stages. As the program evolves, the longitudinal impact of participation, for veterans and their families, will be assessed.
Topics: Humans; Veterans; Social Change; Exercise; Sports; Health Status; Qualitative Research
PubMed: 37903173
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287228 -
Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare 2022Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the world's leading public health challenges. One-third of AD cases are attributable to modifiable vascular and lifestyle-related risk...
INTRODUCTION
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the world's leading public health challenges. One-third of AD cases are attributable to modifiable vascular and lifestyle-related risk factors. The Multimodal Preventive Trial for Alzheimer's Disease, MIND-AD a 6-month multinational parallel-group randomized controlled trial (RCT), targeted persons with prodromal AD and built on the positive outcomes from the Finnish Geriatric Intervention Study to Prevent Cognitive Impairment and Disability (FINGER) trial. The intervention consisted of four main components of (i) physical exercise training program, (ii) nutrition guidance, (iii) cognitive training, and (iv) social stimulation, as well as (iv) monitoring of metabolic/vascular risk factors.
AIM
The study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of participation in MIND-AD among persons with prodromal AD.
METHODS
This qualitative study was part of the larger MIND-AD project. Eight participants were interviewed twice, before and after the intervention. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis.
RESULTS
The results are presented as categories of (i) knowledge of AD and prevention, (ii) motives for study participation, (iii) experiences of the received information about the study, (iv) taking the decision to participate, (v) expectations on study participation, (vi) experiences of study participation and (vii) internal and external factors influencing study participation.
CONCLUSION
The MIND-AD was well-tolerated by the participants. At the beginning of the study, the number of tasks and visits was perceived as burdensome but was later well-tolerated. The participant' knowledge about AD and prevention increased during the trial. Their motives for participating in MIND-AD were described as both altruistic and self-beneficial. Health benefits from the study components, access to specialized medical care were identified as benefits. Managing the intensive flow of information was described a major challenge. The participants' needs for personalized support during the trial stress the importance of applying a person-centered approach providing the preventive trials.
PubMed: 35125872
DOI: 10.2147/JMDH.S345607