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Archives of Virology Apr 2022Canine bufavirus (CBuV), a novel protoparvovirus of dogs that is associated with enteric and respiratory symptoms, has been reported only in Italy and China. The enteric...
Canine bufavirus (CBuV), a novel protoparvovirus of dogs that is associated with enteric and respiratory symptoms, has been reported only in Italy and China. The enteric prevalence of CBuV in India was investigated, and the nearly complete genome sequence (4292 bp) was amplified and reconstructed for one strain. A nucleotide sequence alignment indicated 93.42-98.81% identity to the other available CBuV sequences and 70.88-73.39% and 54.4-54.8% identity to human bufavirus and canine parvovirus 2 (CPV-2), respectively. The current strain is most closely related to Chinese CBuV strains, which together form an Asian lineage. This first report of the prevalence of CBuV in India emphasizes the need for further epidemiological surveillance.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus; Parvovirus, Canine; Phylogeny
PubMed: 35235060
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-022-05398-7 -
Virology Journal Apr 2023A group of DNA viruses called parvoviruses that have significant effects on cancer therapy and genetic engineering applications. After passing through the cell membrane... (Review)
Review
A group of DNA viruses called parvoviruses that have significant effects on cancer therapy and genetic engineering applications. After passing through the cell membrane to reach the cytosol, it moves along the microtubule toward the nuclear membrane. The nuclear localization signal (NLS) is recognized by importin-beta (impβ) and other proteins from the complex outside the nuclear membrane and binds to enter the nucleus via the nuclear pore complex (NPC). There are two main pathways for viruses to enter the nucleus. The classical pathway is through the interaction of imp α and impβ with NLS via NPC. The other is the NPC mediated by the combination of impβ and it. While the capsid is introduced into the nucleus through classical nuclear transduction, there is also a transient nuclear membrane dissolution leading to passive transport into the nucleus, which has been proposed in recent years. This article mainly discusses several nuclear entry pathways and related proteins, providing a reference for subsequent research on viral entry pathways.
Topics: Humans; Nuclear Localization Signals; Cell Nucleus; Nuclear Envelope; Parvovirus; beta Karyopherins; Parvoviridae Infections; Active Transport, Cell Nucleus; alpha Karyopherins
PubMed: 37016419
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02016-z -
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine Nov 2022Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) is highly prevalent and causes subclinical to fatal hepatitis, which can occur in outbreaks. Whereas iatrogenic transmission is well...
BACKGROUND
Equine parvovirus hepatitis (EqPV-H) is highly prevalent and causes subclinical to fatal hepatitis, which can occur in outbreaks. Whereas iatrogenic transmission is well documented, the mode of horizontal transmission is not known. The virus is shed in nasal, oral and fecal secretions, and PO transmission has been reported in a single horse.
HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVE
Investigate the efficiency of PO and nasal transmission of EqPV-H in a larger cohort.
METHODS
Prospective experimental transmission study. Eleven EqPV-H-negative horses were inoculated with 5 × 10 genome equivalents EqPV-H. Serum PCR and serology for EqPV-H were performed weekly and monthly, respectively. Horses first were inoculated PO, and then intranasally 8 weeks later.
RESULTS
No horse became viremic or seroconverted within 8 weeks after PO inoculation. After intranasal inoculation, 5 horses became viremic within 6 to 12 weeks and seroconverted within 10 to 19 weeks. After a period without monitoring from 12 to 19 weeks postinoculation, another 5 horses were found to be viremic at 19 to 22 weeks. The second set of 5 horses could have been infected by horizontal transmission from the first 5 because of cohousing.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE
We demonstrated that EqPV-H can be transmitted nasally. The prolonged eclipse phase before detectable viremia indicates biosecurity measures to control spread could be impractical.
Topics: Horses; Animals; Parvovirus; Parvoviridae Infections; Hepatitis, Viral, Animal; Horse Diseases; Prospective Studies; Hepatitis
PubMed: 36250682
DOI: 10.1111/jvim.16569 -
Virology Journal Jan 2015Accumulated evidence gathered over recent decades demonstrated that some members of the Parvoviridae family, in particular the rodent protoparvoviruses H-1PV, the minute... (Review)
Review
Accumulated evidence gathered over recent decades demonstrated that some members of the Parvoviridae family, in particular the rodent protoparvoviruses H-1PV, the minute virus of mice and LuIII have natural anticancer activity while being nonpathogenic to humans. These studies have laid the foundations for the launch of a first phase I/IIa clinical trial, in which the rat H-1 parvovirus is presently undergoing evaluation for its safety and first signs of efficacy in patients with glioblastoma multiforme. After a brief overview of the biology of parvoviruses, this review focuses on the studies which unraveled the antineoplastic properties of these agents and supported their clinical use as anticancer therapeutics. Furthermore, the development of novel parvovirus-based anticancer strategies with enhanced specificity and efficacy is discussed, in particular the development of second and third generation vectors and the combination of parvoviruses with other anticancer agents. Lastly, we address the key challenges that remain towards a more rational and efficient use of oncolytic parvoviruses in clinical settings, and discuss how a better understanding of the virus life-cycle and of the cellular factors involved in virus infection, replication and cytotoxicity may promote the further development of parvovirus-based anticancer therapies, open new prospects for treatment and hopefully improve clinical outcome.
Topics: Animals; Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic; Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic; Humans; Neoplasms; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses; Parvovirus
PubMed: 25630937
DOI: 10.1186/s12985-014-0223-y -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jan 2021A juvenile raccoon was euthanized because of severe neurologic signs. At postmortem examination, no significant gross lesions were present. Histologic evaluation...
A juvenile raccoon was euthanized because of severe neurologic signs. At postmortem examination, no significant gross lesions were present. Histologic evaluation demonstrated nonsuppurative encephalitis in thalamus, brainstem, and hippocampus, cerebellar Purkinje cell loss, as well as poliomyelitis and demyelination of the spinal cord. Parvovirus antigen-specific immunohistochemistry revealed immunopositive neurons in the brainstem, cerebral cortex, and hippocampus. A few Purkinje cells were also immunopositive. DNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded brain tissue (thalamus, hippocampus, cerebral cortex) yielded a positive signal using PCR targeting both feline and canine parvovirus. Sequencing analyses from a fragment of the NS1 gene and a portion of the VP2 gene confirmed the presence of DNA of a recent canine parvovirus variant (CPV-2a-like virus) in the cerebellum. Our case provides evidence that a recent canine parvovirus (CPV) strain () can infect cerebral and diencephalic neurons and cause encephalitis in an otherwise healthy raccoon. Parvovirus-induced encephalitis is a differential diagnosis of rabies and canine distemper in raccoons with neurologic signs.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Wild; Cerebellum; Encephalitis; Male; Minnesota; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirus, Canine; Raccoons
PubMed: 33100176
DOI: 10.1177/1040638720967381 -
Viruses Jun 2019The rat protoparvovirus H-1PV is nonpathogenic in humans, replicates preferentially in cancer cells, and has natural oncolytic and oncosuppressive activities. The virus... (Review)
Review
The rat protoparvovirus H-1PV is nonpathogenic in humans, replicates preferentially in cancer cells, and has natural oncolytic and oncosuppressive activities. The virus is able to kill cancer cells by activating several cell death pathways. H-1PV-mediated cancer cell death is often immunogenic and triggers anticancer immune responses. The safety and tolerability of H-1PV treatment has been demonstrated in early clinical studies in glioma and pancreatic carcinoma patients. Virus treatment was associated with surrogate signs of efficacy including immune conversion of tumor microenvironment, effective virus distribution into the tumor bed even after systemic administration, and improved patient overall survival compared with historical control. However, monotherapeutic use of the virus was unable to eradicate tumors. Thus, further studies are needed to improve H-1PV's anticancer profile. In this review, we describe H-1PV's anticancer properties and discuss recent efforts to improve the efficacy of H-1PV and, thereby, the clinical outcome of H-1PV-based therapies.
Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; H-1 parvovirus; Humans; Neoplasms; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses; Rats; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31216641
DOI: 10.3390/v11060562 -
Viruses Jun 2023Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are genomic DNA sequences derived from viruses. Some EVEs have open reading frames (ORFs) that can express proteins with physiological...
Endogenous viral elements (EVEs) are genomic DNA sequences derived from viruses. Some EVEs have open reading frames (ORFs) that can express proteins with physiological roles in their host. Furthermore, some EVEs exhibit a protective role against exogenous viral infection in their host. Endogenous parvoviral elements (EPVs) are highly represented in mammalian genomes, and although some of them contain ORFs, their function is unknown. We have shown that the locus , an EPV with an intact ORF, is transcribed in (degu). Here we examine the antiviral activity of the protein encoded in this EPV, named DeRep. DeRep was produced in bacteria and used to generate antibodies that recognize DeRep in western blots of degu tissue. To test if DeRep could protect against exogenous parvovirus, we challenged cells with the minute virus of mice (MVM), a model autonomous parvovirus. We observed that MVM protein expression, DNA damage induced by replication, viral DNA, and cytopathic effects are reduced when DeRep is expressed in cells. The results of this study demonstrate that DeRep is expressed in degu and can inhibit parvovirus replication. This is the first time that an EPV has been shown to have antiviral activity against an exogenous virus.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Antiviral Agents; Parvovirus; Parvoviridae Infections; Genome; Viruses; Mammals
PubMed: 37515112
DOI: 10.3390/v15071420 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2023Avian parvoviruses cause several enteric poultry diseases that have been increasingly diagnosed in Guangxi, China, since 2014. In this study, the whole-genome sequences...
Avian parvoviruses cause several enteric poultry diseases that have been increasingly diagnosed in Guangxi, China, since 2014. In this study, the whole-genome sequences of 32 strains of chicken parvovirus (ChPV) and 3 strains of turkey parvovirus (TuPV) were obtained by traditional PCR techniques. Phylogenetic analyses of 3 genes and full genome sequences were carried out, and 35 of the Guangxi ChPV/TuPV field strains were genetically different from 17 classic ChPV/TuPV reference strains. The nucleotide sequence alignment between ChPVs/TuPVs from Guangxi and other countries revealed 85.2-99.9% similarity, and the amino acid sequences showed 87.8-100% identity. The phylogenetic tree of these sequences could be divided into 6 distinct ChPV/TuPV groups. More importantly, 3 novel ChPV/TuPV groups were identified for the first time. Recombination analysis with RDP 5.0 revealed 15 recombinants in 35 ChPV/TuPV isolates. These recombination events were further confirmed by Simplot 3.5.1 analysis. Phylogenetic analysis based on full genomes showed that Guangxi ChPV/TuPV strains did not cluster according to their geographic origin, and the identified Guangxi ChPV/TuPV strains differed from the reference strains. Overall, whole-genome characterizations of emerging Guangxi ChPV and TuPV field strains will provide more detailed insights into ChPV/TuPV mutations and recombination and their relationships with molecular epidemiological features.
Topics: Animals; Parvoviridae Infections; Chickens; Phylogeny; China; Parvovirus; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 37567941
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40349-5 -
Poultry Science Jul 2022In recent years, ostrich disease characterized by paralysis and diarrhea has been circulating in some regions of China, causing huge economic losses to the ostrich...
In recent years, ostrich disease characterized by paralysis and diarrhea has been circulating in some regions of China, causing huge economic losses to the ostrich breeding industry. In our study, clinical samples from diseased ostriches were collected, and only parvovirus was detected. The virus distribution analysis by histopathology and quantitative real-time PCR assays indicated that the virus had a wide range of tissue tropisms. The full-length genome of the ostrich parvovirus (OsPV) was sequenced and comprehensively analyzed. Interestingly, the phylogenetic and alignment results indicated that the OsPV and the goose parvovirus (GPV) form a separate branch. In contrast to GPV strains, OsPV showed 2 new 14 nucleotide deletions in the inverted terminal repeat (ITR) region. Furthermore, recombination analysis indicated that OsPV was a recombination strain between the vaccine strain SYG61v and the virulent strain B strain, with the major parent of OsPV as the SYG61v strain and the minor parent as the B strain. The 14 nucleotide deletions in the ITR region as well as recombination may be some of the reasons for the cross-species transmission of parvovirus from goose to ostrich. The above data will contribute to a better understanding of the molecular biology of the novel OsPV and help to develop the vaccine candidate strain.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; China; Ducks; Geese; Genomics; Nucleotides; Parvoviridae Infections; Parvovirinae; Parvovirus; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Struthioniformes
PubMed: 35691050
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101929 -
Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the... Apr 2017Malignant glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and carries a grim prognosis, with a median survival of just over 14 months. Given the poor outcomes with... (Review)
Review
Malignant glioma is the most common primary brain tumor and carries a grim prognosis, with a median survival of just over 14 months. Given the poor outcomes with standard-of-care treatments, novel treatment strategies are needed. The concept of virotherapy for the treatment of malignant tumors dates back more than a century and can be divided into replication-competent oncolytic viruses and replication-deficient viral vectors. Oncolytic viruses are designed to selectively target, infect, and replicate in tumor cells, while sparing surrounding normal brain. A host of oncolytic viruses has been evaluated in early phase human trials with promising safety results, but none has progressed to phase III trials. Despite the 25 years that has passed since the initial publication of genetically engineered oncolytic viruses for the treatment of glioma, much remains to be learned about the use of this therapy, including its mechanism of action, optimal treatment paradigm, appropriate targets, and integration with adjuvant agents. Oncolytic viral therapy for glioma remains promising and will undoubtedly impact the future of patient care.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Animals; Brain Neoplasms; Clinical Trials as Topic; Genetic Vectors; Glioma; Humans; Oncolytic Virotherapy; Oncolytic Viruses; Paramyxoviridae; Parvovirus; Poliovirus; Reoviridae; Treatment Outcome; Virus Replication
PubMed: 28265902
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-017-0516-0