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International Journal of Ophthalmology 2023To compare the effect of vegetable oils on the uptake of lutein and zeaxanthin by adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE)-19 cells .
AIM
To compare the effect of vegetable oils on the uptake of lutein and zeaxanthin by adult retinal pigment epithelial (ARPE)-19 cells .
METHODS
ARPE-19 cells were cultured in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium-F-12 supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin in a humidified 5% CO incubator maintained at 37°C. Cells were treated with 247 µmol/L lutein, 49 µmol/L zeaxanthin and 1% (v/v) of either coconut oil, corn oil, peanut oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, castor oil, or linseed oil for 48h. Lutein and zeaxanthin concentration in the cells were quantified by high performance liquid chromatography.
RESULTS
Among the oils tested, the highest lutein and zeaxanthin uptake was observed with coconut oil while the lowest was observed with linseed oil.
CONCLUSION
ARPE-19 uptake of lutein and zeaxanthin are found to be dependent on the type of oils.
PubMed: 36659939
DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2023.01.06 -
BMC Plant Biology Apr 2022Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus fungi has been a serious factor affecting food safety of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) because aflatoxins are highly harmful...
BACKGROUND
Aflatoxin contamination caused by Aspergillus fungi has been a serious factor affecting food safety of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) because aflatoxins are highly harmful for human and animal health. As three mechanisms of resistance to aflatoxin in peanut including shell infection resistance, seed infection resistance and aflatoxin production resistance exist among naturally evolved germplasm stocks, it is highly crucial to pyramid these three resistances for promoting peanut industry development and protecting consumers' health. However, less research effort has been made yet to investigate the differentiation and genetic relationship among the three resistances in diversified peanut germplasm collections.
RESULTS
In this study, the Chinese peanut mini-mini core collection selected from a large basic collection was systematically evaluated for the three resistances against A. flavus for the first time. The research revealed a wide variation among the diversified peanut accessions for all the three resistances. Totally, 14 resistant accessions were identified, including three with shell infection resistance, seven with seed infection resistance and five with aflatoxin production resistance. A special accession, Zh.h1312, was identified with both seed infection and aflatoxin production resistance. Among the five botanic types of A. hypogaea, the var. vulgaris (Spanish type) belonging to subspecies fastigiata is the only one which possessed all the three resistances. There was no close correlation between shell infection resistance and other two resistances, while there was a significant positive correlation between seed infection and toxin production resistance. All the three resistances had a significant negative correlation with pod or seed size. A total of 16 SNPs/InDels associated with the three resistances were identified through genome-wide association study (GWAS). Through comparative analysis, Zh.h1312 with seed infection resistance and aflatoxin production resistance was also revealed to possess all the resistance alleles of associated loci for seed infection index and aflatoxin content.
CONCLUSIONS
This study provided the first comprehensive understanding of differentiation of aflatoxin resistance in diversified peanut germplasm collection, and would further contribute to the genetic enhancement for resistance to aflatoxin contamination.
Topics: Aflatoxins; Animals; Arachis; Aspergillus flavus; China; Genome-Wide Association Study
PubMed: 35448951
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03582-0 -
Journal, Genetic Engineering &... Jul 2020Prodigiosin is a naturally occurring red pigment by Serratia marcescens and having enormous medicinal properties. Recently, there is a need to develop a high-throughput...
BACKGROUND
Prodigiosin is a naturally occurring red pigment by Serratia marcescens and having enormous medicinal properties. Recently, there is a need to develop a high-throughput and economically feasible bioprocess for the production of prodigiosin. In order to find a cost-effective alternative to individual fatty acids as substrate in industries, we tried to study the effect of different fatty acid containing oil seed cakes of peanut, sesame, and mustard as sources of substrate. The present study screened waste and unconventional bioresources for the production of prodigiosin using S. marcescens ATCC 13880. Sources with high oil content were screened for maximum production of prodigiosin. Also, various parameters like temperature, pH, and nutrient precursors were screened and optimized for the production of prodigiosin.
RESULTS
Scaled-up of optimized media consisting of 4% peanut oil seed cake powder, 2% sucrose, pH 7.5, temperature 28 °C, and 72 h incubation time resulted in highest production of 15.5 g/L wet biomass and 0.9 g/L of dried prodigiosin. Further, UV scan of the pigment showed maximum absorbance at 538 nm which is physiological property of the pigment. Extraction and purification of the pigment at the commercial level using the chromatographic techniques and mass spectral analysis confirmed the presence of prodigiosin.
CONCLUSION
Using oil-extraction leftover wastes might help in the commercial and cost-effective production of prodigiosin.
PubMed: 32648013
DOI: 10.1186/s43141-020-00045-7 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Fatty acid amides (FAAs) are endogenous lipid molecules that exhibit various physiological activities. FAAs are usually present at nanomolar levels in biological...
Fatty acid amides (FAAs) are endogenous lipid molecules that exhibit various physiological activities. FAAs are usually present at nanomolar levels in biological samples. In this study, a method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of six FAAs (linoleamide, linoleoyl ethanolamide, oleoyl ethanolamide, palmitic amide, oleamide, and octadecanamide) in edible vegetable oils was established. All six FAAs were detected in sesame, peanut, soybean (decolorized and non-decolorized), and blended oils; five in sunflower oil; four in rice oil; three in linseed and olive oils; and two in corn and canola oils. The total contents of FAAs were highest in sesame oil (104.88 ± 3.01 μg/mL), followed by peanut oil (34.96 ± 3.87 μg/mL), soybean oil (16.75 ± 1.27 μg/mL), and blended oil (13.33 ± 0.77 μg/mL), and the contents in the other edible vegetable oils were all <1.03 μg/mL. The concentrations of linoleoyl ethanolamide and oleoyl ethanolamide were highest in non-decolorized soybean oil, while the other four FAAs (linoleamide, palmitic amide, oleamide, and octadecanamide) showed the highest concentrations in sesame oil. The total contents of these FAAs in eight different oils were higher than those in biological fluids and tissue. Our study confirmed that edible vegetable oils are rich in FAAs, and provides reliable data for evaluating the nutritive value of vegetable oils.
PubMed: 35419400
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.857858 -
Frontiers of Chemical Science and... 2022To increase antibody secretion and dose sparing, squalene-in-water aluminium hydrogel (alum)-stabilised emulsions (ASEs) have been developed, which offer increased...
UNLABELLED
To increase antibody secretion and dose sparing, squalene-in-water aluminium hydrogel (alum)-stabilised emulsions (ASEs) have been developed, which offer increased surface areas and cellular interactions for higher antigen loading and enhanced immune responses. Nevertheless, the squalene (oil) in previous attempts suffered from limited oxidation resistance, thus, safety and stability were compromised. From a clinical translational perspective, it is imperative to screen the optimal oils for enhanced emulsion adjuvants. Here, because of the varying oleic to linoleic acid ratio, soybean oil, peanut oil, and olive oil were utilised as oil phases in the preparation of aluminium hydrogel-stabilised squalene-in-water emulsions, which were then screened for their stability and immunogenicity. Additionally, the underlying mechanisms of oil phases and emulsion stability were unravelled, which showed that a higher oleic to linoleic acid ratio increased anti-oxidative capabilities but reduced the long-term storage stability owing to the relatively low zeta potential of the prepared droplets. As a result, compared with squalene-in-water ASEs, soybean-in-water ASEs exhibited comparable immune responses and enhanced stability. By optimising the oil phase of the emulsion adjuvants, this work may offer an alternative strategy for safe, stable, and effective emulsion adjuvants.
ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL
Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at 10.1007/s11705-021-2123-1 and is accessible for authorized users.
PubMed: 35070473
DOI: 10.1007/s11705-021-2123-1 -
Toxins Jan 2022Edible oils, especially peanut oil, usually contain aflatoxin B (AFB) at extremely high concentrations. This study focused on the synthesis of rice husk-based mesoporous...
Edible oils, especially peanut oil, usually contain aflatoxin B (AFB) at extremely high concentrations. This study focused on the synthesis of rice husk-based mesoporous silica (MCM-41) for the removal of AFB from peanut oil. MCM-41 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, N physisorption, and transmission electron microscope. MCM-41 was shown to have ordered channels with high specific surface area (1246 m/g), pore volume (1.75 cm/g), and pore diameter (3.11 nm). Under the optimal concentration of 1.0 mg/mL of the adsorbent dose, the adsorption behavior of MCM-41, natural montmorillonite (MONT), and commercial activated carbon (CA) for AFB were compared. The adsorption of AFB in peanut oil onto the three adsorbents was slower compared to that of AFB in an aqueous solution. In addition, the pseudo-second-order kinetic model better fit the adsorption kinetics of AFB while the adsorption mechanism followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm on the three adsorbents. The calculated maximum adsorbed amounts of AFB on MONT, MCM-41, and CA were 199.41, 215.93, and 248.93 ng/mg, respectively. These results suggested that MCM-41 without modification could meet market demand and could be considered a good candidate for the removal of AFB from peanut oil. This study provides insights that could prove to be of economic and practical value.
Topics: Adsorption; Aflatoxin B1; Food Contamination; Oryza; Peanut Oil; Silicon Dioxide
PubMed: 35202115
DOI: 10.3390/toxins14020087 -
G3 (Bethesda, Md.) Nov 2020Cultivated peanut () is an important oil, food, and feed crop worldwide. The USDA peanut germplasm collection currently contains 8,982 accessions. In the 1990s, 812...
Cultivated peanut () is an important oil, food, and feed crop worldwide. The USDA peanut germplasm collection currently contains 8,982 accessions. In the 1990s, 812 accessions were selected as a core collection on the basis of phenotype and country of origin. The present study reports genotyping results for the entire available core collection. Each accession was genotyped with the Arachis_Axiom2 SNP array, yielding 14,430 high-quality, informative SNPs across the collection. Additionally, a subset of 253 accessions was replicated, using between two and five seeds per accession, to assess heterogeneity within these accessions. The genotypic diversity of the core is mostly captured in five genotypic clusters, which have some correspondence with botanical variety and market type. There is little genetic clustering by country of origin, reflecting peanut's rapid global dispersion in the 18 and 19 centuries. A genetic cluster associated with the varieties, with accessions coming primarily from Bolivia, Peru, and Ecuador, is consistent with these having been the earliest landraces. The genetics, phenotypic characteristics, and biogeography are all consistent with previous reports of tetraploid peanut originating in Southeast Bolivia. Analysis of the genotype data indicates an early genetic radiation, followed by regional distribution of major genetic classes through South America, and then a global dissemination that retains much of the early genetic diversity in peanut. Comparison of the genotypic data relative to alleles from the diploid progenitors also indicates that subgenome exchanges, both large and small, have been major contributors to the genetic diversity in peanut.
Topics: Alleles; Arachis; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Phylogeny
PubMed: 32887672
DOI: 10.1534/g3.120.401306 -
Journal of Oleo Science Jun 2020The extraction of peanut oil was investigated using the combination of ultrasound and heat application, which is known as a novel technology called thermosonication. The...
The extraction of peanut oil was investigated using the combination of ultrasound and heat application, which is known as a novel technology called thermosonication. The study was set up using the Box-Behnken design and the models based on quadratic equations were established. The effects of extraction time (4-12 min), extraction temperature (40-60°C), solvent-to-solid ratio (SSR) (3:1-9:1)(v/w) and ultrasound power (60-100%) on the extraction yield and the oleic acid concentration of extracted oils were investigated. Results showed that the extraction yield was primarily affected by the extraction temperature and SSR. The average maximum yield of 39.93% was achieved when variables were set to 12 min of time, 50°C of temperature, 9:1(v/w) of SSR and 80% of ultrasound power. Thermosonication did not significantly affect the fatty acid composition. Since it was targeted to determine an optimum point where the maximum extraction yield and oleic acid concentration were obtained, a multiobjective optimization was performed. The optimum thermosonication conditions were determined as 4 min of time, 60°C of temperature, 9:1(v/w) of SSR and 100% of power with a maximum extraction yield of 39.86%. Also, the oleic acid concentration was determined as 63.51% in this optimum condition.
Topics: Food Handling; Hot Temperature; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Oleic Acid; Peanut Oil; Temperature; Time Factors; Ultrasonic Waves
PubMed: 32404549
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess19309 -
Frontiers in Plant Science 2023Peanut is an important oilseed crop around the world which provides vegetable oil, protein and vitamins for humans. Major latex-like proteins (MLPs) play important roles...
Peanut is an important oilseed crop around the world which provides vegetable oil, protein and vitamins for humans. Major latex-like proteins (MLPs) play important roles in plant growth and development, as well as responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, their biological function in peanut is still unclear. In this study, a genome-wide identification of genes in cultivated peanut and two diploid ancestor species was analyzed to determine their molecular evolutionary characteristics and the expression profile under drought and waterlogging stress conditions. Firstly, a total of 135 genes were identified from the genome of tetraploid peanut () and two diploid species and . Then, phylogenetic analysis revealed that MLP proteins were divided into five different evolutionary groups. These genes were distributed unevenly at the ends of chromosomes 3, 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 in three species. The evolution of gene family in peanut was conserved and led by tandem and segmental duplication. The prediction analysis of cis-acting elements showed that the promoter region of peanut genes contained different proportions of transcription factors, plant hormones-responsive elements and so on. The expression pattern analysis showed that they were differentially expressed under waterlogging and drought stress. These results of this study provide a foundation for further research on the function of the important genes in peanut.
PubMed: 37143875
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1152824 -
Ultrasonics Sonochemistry Nov 2023Resveratrol (Res), a polyphenol compound with strong biological activity, is widely used in medicinal and health products. In this study, an innovative resveratrol high...
Resveratrol (Res), a polyphenol compound with strong biological activity, is widely used in medicinal and health products. In this study, an innovative resveratrol high oleic peanut oil (Res-HOPO) was prepared utilizing self-developed cold pressing equipment and high oleic peanuts. The peanut roots were pretreated with four different methods, including ultra-fine crushing, ultrasound-treating, microwave-treating, and a combination of microwave-ultrasound-treating peanut roots. Under optimized conditions (microwave power of 15 W, ultrasound time of 28 min, and ultrasound power of 400 W), the Res-HOPO prepared by pretreating with a combination of microwave-ultrasound had the most Res (91.12 mg/kg). Except for the pretreated whole peanut roots, pretreating with microwave (40.49 mg/kg), ultrasound (39.03 mg/kg), and ultra-fine crushing of peanut root powder (22.57 mg/kg) resulted in the high Res content. The Res-HOPO had a satisfactory yield (40%), oleic acid content (74.05% ∼ 75.85%), no trans fatty acids, great physicochemical properties, higher nutritional value (4-fold increase in squalene and almost 10-fold increase in campesterol), an extended oxidation induction time (1.39 ∼ 22 times), and no heavy metals, pesticides, or aflatoxins. The four green pretreatment methods used for the preparation of Res-HOPO in this study were effective, which provided an innovative approach for developing nutritious and healthy edible oil.
Topics: Oleic Acid; Peanut Oil; Resveratrol; Oxidation-Reduction; Arachis
PubMed: 37852116
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2023.106604