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Scientific Reports May 2024The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health ('gut-bone' axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in...
The close link between intestinal microbiota and bone health ('gut-bone' axis) has recently been revealed: the modulation of the amount and nature of bacteria present in the intestinal tract has an impact on bone health and calcium (Ca) metabolism. Probiotics are known to favorably impact the intestinal microbiota. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of Pediococcus acidilactici CNCM I-4622 (PA) on laying performance, egg/eggshell quality, Ca metabolism and bone mineralization and resistance in relatively old layers (50 wks old at the beginning of the experiment) during 14 weeks. 480 Hy Line brown layers were divided into 2 groups (CON and PA: 3 layers/rep, 80 rep/group) and fed with a diet formulated to be suboptimal in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) (- 10% of the requirements). The total egg weight was improved by 1.1% overall with PA, related to an improvement of the weight of marketable eggs (+ 0.9%). PA induced a decreased % of downgraded eggs, mainly broken eggs (- 0.4 pts) and FCR improvement (- 0.8% for all eggs, - 0.9% for marketable eggs). PA also led to higher Haugh units (HU: + 7.4%). PA tended to decrease crypt depth after the 14 weeks of supplementation period in the jejunum (- 25.2%) and ileum (- 17.6%). As a consequence, the VH/CD ratio appeared increased by PA at the end of the trial in the jejunum (+ 63.0%) and ileum (+ 48.0%). Ca and P retention were increased by 4 pts following PA supplementation, translating into increased bone hardness (+ 19%), bone cohesiveness (+ 43%) and bone Ca & P (+ 1 pt) for PA-supplemented layers. Blood Ca and P were respectively improved by 5% and 12% with PA. In addition, blood calcitriol and osteocalcin concentrations were respectively improved by + 83% and + 3% in PA group at the end of the trial, compared to CON group. There was no difference between the 2 groups for ALP (alkaline phosphatase) and PTH (parathyroid hormone). PA significantly decreased the expression of the following genes: occludin in the small intestine, calbindin 1 in the ovarian tissue and actin B in the bone. PA therefore improved zootechnical performance of these relatively old layers, and egg quality. The parallel increase in Ca and P in the blood and in the bone following PA supplementation suggests an improvement of the mineral supply for eggshell formation without impacting bone integrity, and even increasing bone resistance.
Topics: Animals; Probiotics; Pediococcus acidilactici; Chickens; Phosphorus; Calcium; Female; Dietary Supplements; Animal Feed; Eggs; Oviposition; Gastrointestinal Microbiome
PubMed: 38821966
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62779-5 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022The microbial community in the fermented pit determines the quantity and quality of light-flavor liquor. Genetic diversity and the potential functions of the microbial...
The microbial community in the fermented pit determines the quantity and quality of light-flavor liquor. Genetic diversity and the potential functions of the microbial community are often analyzed by DNA-based omics sequencing. However, the features of the active microbial community have not been systematically studied. Here, metatranscriptomic analysis was performed to elucidate the active microbial composition, drivers, and their functions in light-flavor liquor fermentation. Bacterial genera, , Streptococcus, , , and , and fungal genera, , , Aspergillus, , , , and , were the dominant active microorganisms during the fermentation process. Additionally, they dominated the three-stage fermentation successively. Redundancy analysis showed that pH, ethanol, moisture, and starch were the main driving forces of microbial succession. Among the genes for the respective carbohydrate-active enzyme families, those for the glycoside hydrolase family 23, the glycosyltransferase family 2, the carbohydrate-binding module family 50, the polysaccharide lyase family 4, the auxiliary activity family 1, and the carbohydrate esterase family 9 showed the highest expression level. Additionally, the highly expressed enzymes and their contributed microorganisms were found in the key KEGG pathways, including carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, lipid metabolism, and amino acid metabolism. Based on these data, a functional model of carbohydrate hydrolysis, ethanol production, and flavor generation were proposed. Taken together, , , , , , and were suggested as the core active microorganisms. Overall, our findings provide new insights into the composition, drivers, and functions of the active microorganisms, which is crucial for improving the quality of light-flavor liquor. There is an urgent need for discovering the diversity and functions of the active microbial community in solid-state fermentation, especially in the pit of Chinese distilled liquor fermentation. Although the genetic composition of the microbial community has been clarified frequently by DNA-based sequencing, the composition and functions of the active microbial community have not been systematically revealed so far. Therefore, analysis of RNA-based data is crucial for discovering the functional microbial community. In this study, we employed metatranscriptomic analysis to elucidate the active microbial composition, successive drivers, and their functions in light-flavor liquor fermentation. The strategy can be broadly useful for discovering the active microbial community and exploring their functions in other types of flavor distilled liquor or other ecosystems. This study provides new insights into the understanding of the active microbial community composition and its functions.
Topics: Bacteria; Carbohydrates; DNA; Ethanol; Fermentation; Lactobacillus; Microbiota
PubMed: 35638860
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02151-21 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021One of the most important challenges in the food industry is to produce healthy and safe food products, and this could be achieved through various processes as well as... (Review)
Review
One of the most important challenges in the food industry is to produce healthy and safe food products, and this could be achieved through various processes as well as the use of different additives, especially chemical preservatives. However, consumer awareness and concern about chemical preservatives have led researchers to focus on the use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocins. Pediocins, which belong to subclass IIa of bacteriocin characterized as small unmodified peptides with a low molecular weight (2.7-17 kDa), are produced by some of the bacteria. Pediocin and pediocin-like bacteriocins exert a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, especially against pathogenic bacteria, such as through formation of pores in the cytoplasmic membrane and cell membrane dysfunction. Pediocins are sensitive to most protease enzymes such as papain, pepsin, and trypsin; however, they keep their antimicrobial activity during heat treatment, at low temperatures even at -80°C, and after treatment with lipase, lysozyme, phospholipase C, DNase, or RNase. Due to the anti-listeria activity of pediocin on the one hand and the potential health hazards associated with consumption of meat products on the other hand, this review aimed to investigate the possible application of pediocin in preservation of meat and meat products against .
PubMed: 34603234
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.709959 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Xylan oligosaccharides (XOS) can promote proliferation of BCC-1, which benefits gut health and growth performance of broilers. The study aimed to investigate the effect...
Xylan oligosaccharides (XOS) can promote proliferation of BCC-1, which benefits gut health and growth performance of broilers. The study aimed to investigate the effect of BCC-1 (referred to BBC) and XOS on the gut metabolome and microbiota of broilers. The feed conversion ratio of BBC group, XOS group and combined XOS and BBC groups was lower than the control group ( < 0.05). Combined XOS and BBC supplementation (MIX group) elevated butyrate content of the cecum ( < 0.05) and improved ileum morphology by enhancing the ratio of the villus to crypt depth ( < 0.05). The 16S rDNA results indicated that both XOS and BBC induced high abundance of butyric acid bacteria. XOS treatment elevated Clostridium XIVa and the BBC group enriched and . In contrast, MIX group induced higher relative abundance of XIVa, XIVb and . Besides, MIX group showed lower abundance of pathogenic bacteria such as . Metabolome analysis showed that all the 3 treatment groups (XOS, BBC and MIX) showed lower concentrations of sorbitol and both XOS and BBC group had higher concentrations of pyridoxine levels than CT group. Besides, XOS and BBC groups enhanced the content of hydroxyphenyl derivatives 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid, respectively ( < 0.05). Notably, MIX group enhanced both 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate 1 and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid ( < 0.05). Thus, XOS and BBC may have a synergistic role to improve the performance of broilers by modulating gut microbiota and metabolome.
PubMed: 34122394
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.683905 -
Nutrients Feb 2022Prediabetes (PreD), which is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and fasting blood glucose, is a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Growing...
Prediabetes (PreD), which is associated with impaired glucose tolerance and fasting blood glucose, is a potential risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Growing evidence suggests the role of the gastrointestinal microbiota in both PreD and T2D, which opens the possibility for a novel nutritional approach, based on probiotics, for improving glucose regulation and delaying disease progression of PreD to T2D. In this light, the present study aimed to assess the antidiabetic properties of (pA1c) in a murine model of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced T2D. For that purpose, C57BL/6 mice were given HFD enriched with either probiotic (1 × 10 CFU/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. We determined body weight, fasting blood glucose, glucose tolerance, HOMA-IR and HOMA-β index, C-peptide, GLP-1, leptin, and lipid profile. We also measured hepatic gene expression (G6P, PEPCK, GCK, IL-1β, and IL-6) and examined pancreatic and intestinal histology (% of GLP-1 cells, % of goblet cells and villus length). We found that pA1c supplementation significantly attenuated body weight gain, mitigated glucose dysregulation by reducing fasting blood glucose levels, glucose tolerance test, leptin levels, and insulin resistance, increased C-peptide and GLP-1 levels, enhanced pancreatic function, and improved intestinal histology. These findings indicate that pA1c improved HFD-induced T2D derived insulin resistance and intestinal histology, as well as protected from body weight increase. Together, our study proposes that pA1c may be a promising new dietary management strategy to improve metabolic disorders in PreD and T2D.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, High-Fat; Hypoglycemic Agents; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pediococcus acidilactici
PubMed: 35277051
DOI: 10.3390/nu14030692 -
Scientific Reports Nov 2022Lactic acid bacteria are the well acknowledged probiotics that can cure a variety of diseases. In this study, we observed the in vivo potentials of Pediococcus to treat...
Lactic acid bacteria are the well acknowledged probiotics that can cure a variety of diseases. In this study, we observed the in vivo potentials of Pediococcus to treat hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and gastrointestinal infections. A total of 77 Lactobacillus were isolated from the milk of 10 cows and 10 goats, four of those strains inhibited both carbohydrates-hydrolyzing enzymes, α-glucosidase, and α-amylase. They all showed antagonistic effects on pathogenic E. coli and S. Typhimurium which were confirmed by performing pathogen challenge test and visualizing on Electron microscopy. 16S rRNA gene sequence identified that all four strains belong to Pediococcus genus which were further distinguished as Pediococcus acidilactici by pheS gene sequence. Whole genome sequence analysis revealed their non-pathogenic properties for human and the presence of probiotic genes responsible for stress resistance, immunomodulation, adhesion, metal and drug resistance. In vivo trial with diabetes-induced mice ascertained that all Pediococcus acidilactici had significant potentials to reduce elevated glucose and low-density lipoprotein level in blood. Interestingly, two out of four strains were significantly more effective (p < 0.0001 each) than metformin in reducing the blood glucose level. This in vivo study demonstrated that Pediococcus acidilactici might be a promising probiotic to prevent hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia and gastrointestinal infections.
Topics: Female; Humans; Cattle; Mice; Animals; Pediococcus acidilactici; Hypercholesterolemia; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Escherichia coli; Genomics; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Hyperglycemia; Probiotics; Communicable Diseases; Pediococcus; Goats
PubMed: 36443433
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24791-5 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) continues to rise. It was reported that the probiotic lactic acid bacteria () can interfere with intestinal...
INTRODUCTION
The incidence of pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (PIBD) continues to rise. It was reported that the probiotic lactic acid bacteria () can interfere with intestinal immunity, but it is still unknown whether it can alleviate PIBD and the concrete mechanism of immune regulation is unclear.
METHODS
For this study, 3-week-old juvenile mice were selected for modeling the development of PIBD. The mice treated with 2% DSS were randomly divided into two groups, which were given CECT8330 and equal amounts of solvent, respectively. The feces and intestinal tissue were collected for the mechanism exploration . THP-1 and NCM460 cells were used to investigate the effects of CECT8330 on macrophage polarization, epithelial cell apoptosis, and their crosstalk .
RESULTS
CECT8330 obviously alleviated colitis symptoms of juvenile mice, including weight loss, colon length shortening, spleen swelling, and intestinal barrier function. Mechanistically, CECT8330 could inhibit intestinal epithelial apoptosis by suppressing the NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, it reprogramed macrophages from a pro-inflammatory M1 phenotype to an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype, leading to a decreased secretion of IL-1β which contributes to the reduction in ROS production and epithelial apoptosis. Additionally, the 16S rRNA sequence analysis revealed that CECT8330 could recover the balance of gut microbiota, and a significantly increased content of was particularly observed.
CONCLUSION
CECT8330 shifts macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. The decreased production of IL-1β leads to a reduction in ROS, NF-κB activation, and apoptosis in the intestinal epithelium, all of which help to repair the intestinal barrier and adjust gut microbiota in juvenile colitis mice.
PubMed: 37396394
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168924 -
Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022The fermented feed has been used extensively as a growth promoter in agricultural animal production. However, the effects of fermented feed on swine gut microbiota are...
The fermented feed has been used extensively as a growth promoter in agricultural animal production. However, the effects of fermented feed on swine gut microbiota are still largely unknown. The work presented here aimed to investigate the growth performance and gut microbiota of nursery pigs receiving the LPF diet (10% and co-fermented feed + basal diet) compared with pigs receiving the NC diet (basal diet). The data showed LPF diet numerically improved average daily gain and significantly increased fecal acetate, butyrate, and total short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations. Furthermore, gut microbiota structure and membership significantly changed in response to the addition of fermented feed in the diet. Gut microbiota results indicated that LPF treatment significantly enriched SCFA-producing bacteria such as , and . Some of these bacteria also had anti-inflammatory and other beneficial functions. Overall, these findings suggested that and co-fermented feed benefited growth performance and established potential health impacts on the gut microbiota of nursery pigs.
PubMed: 36578437
DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1076906 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2020Black gamju is Korean traditional beverage fermented with molds. The aim of this study was to assess the probiotic properties and antioxidant activities of novel SC28...
Black gamju is Korean traditional beverage fermented with molds. The aim of this study was to assess the probiotic properties and antioxidant activities of novel SC28 and KU15151 to develop black gamju with bioactive properties for health. Tolerance against artificial gastric juice and bile salts, adhesion ability on HT-29 cells of strains, and antibiotics susceptibility were evaluated as probiotics, and various enzyme productions were detected. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay, 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate, and β-carotene bleaching assay were used for antioxidant activity of samples. The tolerance of both strains to artificial gastric juice and bile salts (Oxgall) was more than 90%. Additionally, both strains did not produce β-glucuronidase and were resistant to gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. After fermentation of black gamju with each strain, the number of viable lactic acid bacteria increased to 8.25-8.95 log colony forming unit/mL, but the pH value of fermented samples decreased more (to pH 3.33-3.41) than that of control (pH 4.37). KU15151 showed higher adhesion activity to HT-29 cells and antioxidant effects than SC28 in three antioxidant assays.
PubMed: 32825754
DOI: 10.3390/foods9091154 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2021The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum (strains 22F and 25F) and Pediococcus acidilactici (strain 72N) have appeared promising as replacements for...
The lactic acid bacteria (LAB) Lactobacillus plantarum (strains 22F and 25F) and Pediococcus acidilactici (strain 72N) have appeared promising as replacements for antibiotics in in vitro studies. Microencapsulation, especially by the spray-drying method, has been used to preserve their numbers and characteristics during storage and digestion. This study compared the efficacy of these strains and their microencapsulated form with antibiotic usage on growth performance, faecal microbial counts, and intestinal morphology in nursing-finishing pigs. A total of 240 healthy neonatal pigs were treated on days 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 after cross-fostering. Sterile peptone water was delivered orally to the control and antibiotic groups. Spray-dried Lactobacillus plantarum strain 22F stored for 6-months was administered to piglets in the spraydry group. Three ml of each the three fresh strains (10 CFU/mL) were orally administered to piglets in each group. All pigs received the basal diets, but these were supplemented with routine antibiotic for the antibiotic group. Pigs in all the probiotic supplemented groups exhibited a better average daily gain and feed conversion ratio than those of the controls in the nursery and grower phases. Probiotic supplementation increased viable lactobacilli and decreased enterobacterial counts. Antibiotic additives reduced both enterobacterial and lactobacilli counts. Villous height and villous height:crypt depth ratio were greater in probiotic and antibiotic supplemented pigs comparing to the controls, especially in the jejunum. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using these strains as a substitute for antibiotics and the practicality of the microencapsulation protocol for use in swine farms.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Body Weight; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Drug Administration Schedule; Feces; Female; Lactobacillales; Lactobacillus plantarum; Male; Pediococcus acidilactici; Probiotics; Swine
PubMed: 34103574
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91427-5