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Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2021Biosurfactants are surface-active molecules of microbial origin and alternatives to synthetic surfactants with various applications. Due to their...
Biosurfactants are surface-active molecules of microbial origin and alternatives to synthetic surfactants with various applications. Due to their environmental-friendliness, biocompatibility, biodegradability, effectiveness to work under various environmental conditions, and non-toxic nature, they have been recently recognized as potential agents with therapeutic and commercial importance. The biosurfactant produced by various probiotic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has enormous applications in different fields. Thus, in vitro assessment of biofilm development prevention or disruption by natural biosurfactants derived from probiotic LAB is a plausible approach that can lead to the discovery of novel antimicrobials. Primarily, this study aims to isolate, screen, and characterize the functional and biomedical potential of biosurfactant synthesized by probiotic LAB (). Characterization consists of the assessment of critical micelle concentration (CMC), reduction in surface tension, and emulsification index (% EI24). Evaluation of antibacterial, antibiofilm, anti-QS, and anti-adhesive activities of cell-bound biosurfactants were carried out against different human pathogenic bacteria (, , , and ). Moreover, bacterial cell damage, viability of cells within the biofilm, and exopolysaccharide (EPS) production were also evaluated. As a result, was found to produce 4.75 ± 0.17 g/L biosurfactant, which displayed a CMC of 2.4 ± 0.68 g/L and reduced the surface tension from 71.11 ± 1.12 mN/m to 38.18 ± 0.58 mN/m. cells bound to the crude biosurfactant were found to be effective against all tested bacterial pathogens. It exhibited an anti-adhesion ability and impeded the architecture of the biofilm matrix by affecting the viability and integrity of bacterial cells within biofilms and reducing the total EPS content. Furthermore, the crude biosurfactant derived from was structurally characterized as a lipoprotein by GC-MS analysis, which confirms the presence of lipids and proteins. Thus, our findings represent the potent anti-adhesion and antibiofilm potential of crude biosurfactant for the first time, which may be explored further as an alternative to antibiotics or chemically synthesized toxic antibiofilm agents.
PubMed: 34827310
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111371 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fermentation quality, microbial community, and functional shifts of sweet sorghum during ensiling. The high-moisture sweet...
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fermentation quality, microbial community, and functional shifts of sweet sorghum during ensiling. The high-moisture sweet sorghum (SS) was naturally ensiled for 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 days. After 60 days of ensiling, sweet sorghum silage (SSS) showed homolactic fermentation with absent butyric acid, low pH value, acceptable concentrations of propionic acid, ethanol, and ammonia nitrogen and high lactic acid concentration. , and were the advantage genera in SS. While, , and were dominant in 3-day SSS and subsequently replaced by in 60-day SSS. Spearman's correlation heatmap showed that and were negatively related to the pH value of SSS. There were great differences in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functional profiles of SS and SSS. Ensiling process downregulated the metabolism of amino acid, energy, cofactors, and vitamins, but upregulated the metabolism of nucleotides and carbohydrates. Overall, next-generation sequencing in conjunction with KEGG functional prediction revealed the distinct differences in the initial and late phases of ensiling in terms of both community succession and functional shifts. The knowledge regarding bacterial community dynamics and functional shifts of SS during ensiling is important for understanding the fermentation mechanism and may contribute to the production of high-quality sweet sorghum silage.
PubMed: 35979487
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.967624 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2022In the present study, thirty two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented Indian herbal medicine. In comparison to other strains, MNL5 had stronger bile...
In the present study, thirty two lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from fermented Indian herbal medicine. In comparison to other strains, MNL5 had stronger bile salt hydrolase (BSH) and cholesterol-lowering properties. Furthermore, it can withstand the extreme conditions found in the GI tract, due to, e.g., pepsin, bile salts, pancreatin, and acids. MNL5 was identified as a probiotic candidate after sequencing the 16S rRNA gene. The antibacterial activity of MNL5 cell-free supernatants (CFS) against , , , and was moderate. A experiment was also performed to assess the effectiveness of MNL5 supplementation to increase life span compared to supplementation (DAF-2 and LIU1 models) ( < 0.05). An immense reduction of the lipid droplets of was identified through a fluorescent microscope. The drastic alteration of the expression of fat genes is related to obesity phenotypes. Hence, several paths are evolutionary for ; the results of our work highlight the nematode as an important model for obesity.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Obesity Agents; Bile Acids and Salts; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Fermentation; Herbal Medicine; Lactobacillales; Obesity; Pediococcus acidilactici; Probiotics; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35163199
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031276 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2019Probiotics are important for pigs to enhance health and intestinal development, which are potential alternative to antibiotics. Many studies have reported the functions...
Combined supplementation of Lactobacillus fermentum and Pediococcus acidilactici promoted growth performance, alleviated inflammation, and modulated intestinal microbiota in weaned pigs.
BACKGROUND
Probiotics are important for pigs to enhance health and intestinal development, which are potential alternative to antibiotics. Many studies have reported the functions of single bacterial strain as probiotic on the animals. In this study, we evaluated effects of combined probiotics on growth performance, inflammation and intestinal microbiota in weaned pigs. One hundred and eight pigs, weaned at 28 day old (7.12 ± 0.08 kg), were randomly divided into the 3 dietary treatments with 6 pens and 6 pigs per pen (half male and half female). The experimental period lasted for 28 days and treatments were as follows: i.
CONTROL
basal diet; ii. Antibiotic: the basal diet plus 75 mg· kg chlortetracycline; and iii. Probiotics: basal diet plus 4% compound probiotics.
RESULTS
Supplementation probiotics improved average daily gain over the entire 28 days (P < 0.01) and feed efficiency in the last 14 days (P < 0.05) compared with the other two groups. Both probiotics and antibiotic supplementation decreased concentrations of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (P < 0.05) and interferon-γ (P < 0.01). Probiotics group had greater abundance of Lactobacillus in the caecal digesta and Firmicutes in the colonic digesta, while both probiotics and antibiotic supplementation inhibited Treponema_2 and Anaerovibrio in the caecal digesta. Caecal acetic and propionic acid (P < 0.05) of probiotics group were higher than the other two groups, whereas concentrations of colonic lactic acid and propionic acid (P < 0.05) of antibiotic group were lower than control and probiotics groups.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that combined supplementation of Lactobacillus fermentum and Pediococcus acidilactici regulate the gut health and improve the host ADG and F/G by decreasing serum pro-inflammatory factors (IL-6, IFN-γ), promoting beneficial bacteria (Lactobacillus in the caecal digesta and Firmicutes in the colonic digesta), enhancing production of short chain fatty acids, and inhibiting pathogens (Treponema_2, Anaerovibrio in the caecal digesta).
Topics: Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Limosilactobacillus fermentum; Pediococcus acidilactici; Probiotics; Swine; Weaning; Weight Gain
PubMed: 31291967
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-1991-9 -
New Microbes and New Infections Jul 2019Consumer demand for natural pathogen-control agents for substitution of synthetic food preservatives and traditional antibiotics is increasing. This study aimed to...
Consumer demand for natural pathogen-control agents for substitution of synthetic food preservatives and traditional antibiotics is increasing. This study aimed to reveal the distribution of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in raw camel milk and to characterize their antimicrobial traits. The genetic identification by 16S rRNA sequencing of 58 LAB isolates showed the predominance of (24.2%), (22.4%) and (20.7%) genera in raw camel milk. These genera exhibited inhibitory activity against a broad spectrum of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including multidrug-resistant . Among these LAB, two isolates-identified as CM16 and CM22-were selected for their strong bacteriocinogenic anti-listerial activity estimated at 1600 and 800 AU/mL, respectively. The bacteriocins produced were partially purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation and gel filtration and then biochemically characterized. The proteinaceous nature of bacteriocins was confirmed by the susceptibility to enzymes. These bacteriocins showed significant technological characteristics such as heat-resistance, and stability over a wide range of pH (2.0-10.0). In conclusion, these results indicated that CM16 and CM22 could be useful as potential probiotics. Moreover, their partially purified bacteriocins may play an important role as food preservatives and feed additives. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing the distribution of LAB population in raw camel milk and the characterization of their bacteriocins from the Arabian Peninsula of western Asia.
PubMed: 31193267
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2019.100560 -
Food Microbiology Jun 2022Antibiotic Resistance is a growing concern for public health and global economy. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in the production of dairy products and commonly... (Review)
Review
Antibiotic Resistance is a growing concern for public health and global economy. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) involved in the production of dairy products and commonly present in the agro-zootechnical environment can act as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes, acquiring or transferring them to other microorganisms. The review focuses on LAB group of dairy origin (Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus and Weissella) and Bifidobacterium genus, considering its large use in dairy industry. We have analyzed data in the last 25 years, highlighting atypical resistance, genetic traits correlated to antibiotic resistance and their ability to be transmitted to other microorganisms; comparative analysis of resistomes was also considered. Differences were observed among wild strains isolated from different regions because of authorized antibiotic use. Commercial strains belonging to Lactobacillus, Streptococcus and Bifidobacterium currently used for industrial dairy products are frequently resistant to gentamycin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol together with tetracycline. The presence of resistant wild LAB in raw milk products has been significantly reduced as a result of worldwide restrictions on the use of antibiotics in animal husbandry. Transmissible resistances are still present in industrial cultures, despite the great effort of starter industries in the process control and the safety screening of commercial cultures.
Topics: Animals; Bifidobacterium; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Lactobacillales; Lactobacillus; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 35287818
DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2022.103999 -
Animal Microbiome Feb 2023Given the importance of gut microbiota for health, growth and performance of the host, the aquaculture industry has taken measures to develop functional fish feeds...
Effects of dietary supplementation with prebiotics and Pediococcus acidilactici on gut health, transcriptome, microbiota, and metabolome in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) after seawater transfer.
BACKGROUND
Given the importance of gut microbiota for health, growth and performance of the host, the aquaculture industry has taken measures to develop functional fish feeds aiming at modulating gut microbiota and inducing the anticipated beneficial effects. However, present understanding of the impact of such functional feeds on the fish is limited. The study reported herein was conducted to gain knowledge on performance and gut health characteristics in post-smolt Atlantic salmon fed diets varying in content of functional ingredients. Three experimental diets, a diet containing fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), a diet with a combination of FOS and Pediococcus acidilactici (BC) and a diet containing galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and BC, were used in a 10-weeks feeding trial. A commercial diet without functional ingredients was also included as a control/reference. Samples of blood plasma, mucosa and digesta were subjected to microbiota, transcriptome and metabolome profiling for evaluation of the diet effects.
RESULTS
No significant growth differences were observed between fish fed the supplemented diets, but FOS-BC fed fish showed significantly faster growth than the control fed fish. The microbiota results showed that the BC was present in both the digesta, and the mucosa samples of fish fed the FOS-BC and GOS-BC diets. Digesta-associated microbiota was altered, while mucosa-associated microbiota was relatively unaffected by diet. Replacing FOS with GOS increased the level of metabolites linked to phospholipid, fatty acid, carnitine and sphingolipid metabolism. Variation in metabolite levels between the treatments closely correlated with genera mainly belonging to Firmicutes and Actinobacteria phyla. The transcriptome analyses indicated diet effects of exchanging FOS with GOS on immune functions, oxidative defense and stress responses. No significant diet effect was observed on intestinal inflammation in the pyloric caeca or in the distal intestine, or on lipid accumulation in the pyloric caeca.
CONCLUSIONS
Dietary supplementation with BC induced moderate effects on the microbiota of the digesta, while the effects of replacing FOS with GOS were more marked and was observed also for nutrient metabolism. Our data indicates therefore that the quality of a prebiotic may be of great importance for the effects of a probiotic on gut microbiota, function, and health.
PubMed: 36774518
DOI: 10.1186/s42523-023-00228-w -
Microorganisms Sep 2019The purpose of this study was to identify potent lactic acid bacteria that could have a great impact on triticale silage fermentation at different moisture levels and...
The purpose of this study was to identify potent lactic acid bacteria that could have a great impact on triticale silage fermentation at different moisture levels and determine their anti-bacterial activity and high probiotic potential. For this purpose, (TC48) and (TC50) were isolated from fermented triticale silage. The fermentation ability of these isolates in triticale powder was studied by an ensiling method. TC48 had higher ability to ferment silage powder by increasing the lactic acid content of silage than TC50. Extracellular supernatant (ECS) of TC48 and TC50 exhibited strong antibacterial effects (inhibition zone diameters: 18-28 mm) against tested cattle pathogenic bacteria with minimum inhibitory/ minimum bactericidal concentrations (MIC/MBC) values of 5.0-10 mg/mL and 10-20 mg/mL, respectively. Extracellular supernatant (ECS) of TC48 and TC50 showed antibacterial activities on , , and through destruction of membrane integrity as confirmed by decreased viability, and increased 260 nm absorbing material in culture filtrate of pathogenic bacteria exposed to ECS of both strains. TC48 and TC50 strains exhibited high tolerance to artificial gastric, duodenal and intestinal fluids. TC48 showed good hydrophobicity and auto-aggregations properties. TC48 and TC50 significantly co-aggregated with , , and in a time-dependent manner. In summary, all of the bacteria had a positive impact on at least one functional property of the silage during the fermentation process. However, the addition of (TC48) and (TC50) yielded the greatest silage quality improvement, having high antibacterial and probiotic properties.
PubMed: 31487912
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7090318 -
Gut Microbes Jul 2020Targeting the gut-liver axis by modulating the gut-microbiome can be a promising therapeutic approach in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study...
Targeting the gut-liver axis by modulating the gut-microbiome can be a promising therapeutic approach in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of single species and a combination of and in NAFLD mice model. Six-week male C57BL/6J mice were divided into 9 groups (n = 10/group; normal, Western diet, and 7 Western diet-strains [10 CFU/g, 8 weeks]). The strains used were KID7, and three combinations (1: , 2: KID7, and 3: ). Liver/Body weight ratio, serum and stool analysis, liver pathology, and metagenomics by 16S rRNA-sequencing were examined. In the liver/body ratio, (5.1 ± 0.5), (5.2 ± 0.4), KID7 (5.5 ± 0.5), and combination1 and 2 (4.2 ± 0.6 and 4.8 ± 0.7) showed significant reductions compared with Western (6.2 ± 0.6)(p < 0.001). In terms of cholesterol and steatosis/inflammation/NAFLD activity, all groups except for were associated with an improvement ( < .05). The elevated level of tumor necrosis factor-α/interleukin-1β (pg/ml) in Western (65.8 ± 7.9/163.8 ± 12.2) was found to be significantly reduced in (24.2 ± 1.0/58.9 ± 15.3), (35.6 ± 2.1/62.9 ± 6.0), (43.4 ± 3.2/53.6 ± 7.5), and KID7 (22.9 ± 3.4/59.7 ± 12.2)(p < 0.01). Cytokines were improved in the combination groups. In metagenomics, each strains revealed a different composition and elevated / ratio in the western (47.1) was decreased in (14.5), (3.0), and KID7 (13.3). , and KID7 supplementation can improve NAFLD-progression by modulating gut-microbiome and inflammatory pathway.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroidetes; Cholesterol; Cytokines; Diet, Western; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Firmicutes; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammation; Lactobacillus; Liver; Male; Metagenomics; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Pediococcus pentosaceus; Probiotics
PubMed: 31965894
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1712984 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Ensiling has long been as a mainstream technology of preserving forage for ruminant production. This study investigated the effects of bioaugmented ensiling with laccase...
Ensiling has long been as a mainstream technology of preserving forage for ruminant production. This study investigated the effects of bioaugmented ensiling with laccase and on the fermentation quality, nutritive value, enzymatic hydrolysis, and bacterial community of alfalfa. The application of laccase and combination was more potent in modulating the fermentation quality of silage than laccase and alone, as indicated by higher lactic acid contents and lactic acid to acetic acid ratios, and lower pH, dry matter losses, and ammonia nitrogen contents. Moreover, treatments with additive enhanced protein preservation and structural carbohydrate degradation, while increasing true protein and water-soluble carbohydrate contents. By promoting lignin degradation, treatments containing laccase further facilitated the release of sugars from cellulose compared with treatment with alone. The additive treatments reduced the bacterial diversity and optimized the bacterial community composition of silage, with an increase in the relative abundance of desirable and a decrease in the relative abundance of undesirable and . PICRUSt functional prediction based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) databases revealed that PL and LPL treatments increased the metabolism of membrane transport, carbohydrate, and terpenoids and polyketides related to fermentation activities. It can be concluded that bioaugmented ensiling with laccase and combination can be an effective and practical strategy to improve silage fermentation and nutrient preservation of alfalfa silage.
PubMed: 36274744
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1035942