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Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Aug 2018Variation in the pelvis is intrinsically linked to life history evolution. This is perhaps best exemplified by sexually dimorphic pelvic variation in bipedal primates....
Variation in the pelvis is intrinsically linked to life history evolution. This is perhaps best exemplified by sexually dimorphic pelvic variation in bipedal primates. Yet, whether this trend is applicable to other taxa is unclear. Using turtle anatomy as a model, I tested the hypothesis that the pelvis is also sexually dimorphic in egg-laying tetrapods. I sampled a natural turtle population with female-biased sexual size dimorphism (i.e., larger females). I show that the area of the egg canal (pelvic aperture) is greater in females. Morphological differences between sexes were predicted by body size, such that skeletal shape deformation of the female ilium increased proportionally with pelvic aperture area. These results suggest that sexual pelvic dimorphism might be indirectly maintained by selection for large female size, consistent with the pelvic constraint hypothesis in reptiles. However, subsampling of similarly sized individuals revealed that pelvic aperture area and shape may vary in disproportion to body size. Comparisons of pelvic ontogenetic trajectories across multiple lineages are needed to clarify the occurrence of sexual pelvic dimorphism in turtles and other egg-laying tetrapods. My findings provide impetus to further explore how sex-specific functional demands influence the architecture of the pelvic girdle. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Female; Male; Pelvic Bones; Pelvis; Principal Component Analysis; Sex Characteristics; Turtles
PubMed: 29677702
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23831 -
Equine Veterinary Journal Jan 2018Horses show compensatory head movement in hindlimb lameness and compensatory pelvis movement in forelimb lameness but little is known about the relationship of withers...
BACKGROUND
Horses show compensatory head movement in hindlimb lameness and compensatory pelvis movement in forelimb lameness but little is known about the relationship of withers movement symmetry with head and pelvic asymmetry in horses with naturally occurring gait asymmetries.
OBJECTIVES
To document head, withers and pelvic movement asymmetry and timing differences in horses with naturally occurring gait asymmetries.
STUDY DESIGN
Retrospective analysis of gait data.
METHODS
Head, withers and pelvic movement asymmetry and timing of displacement minima and maxima were quantified from inertial sensors in 163 Thoroughbreds during trot-ups on hard ground. Horses were divided into 4 subgroups using the direction of head and withers movement asymmetry. Scatter plots of head vs. pelvic movement asymmetry illustrated how the head-withers relationship distinguishes between contralateral and ipsilateral head-pelvic movement asymmetry. Independent t test or Mann-Whitney U test (P<0.05) compared pelvic movement asymmetry and timing differences between groups.
RESULTS
The relationship between head and withers asymmetry (i.e. same sided or opposite sided asymmetry) predicts the relationship between head and pelvic asymmetry in 69-77% of horses. Pelvic movement symmetry was significantly different between horses with same sign vs. opposite sign of head-withers asymmetry (P<0.0001). Timing of the maximum head height reached after contralateral ('sound') stance was delayed compared to withers (P = 0.02) and pelvis (P = 0.04) in horses with contralateral head-withers asymmetry.
MAIN LIMITATIONS
The clinical lameness status of the horses was not investigated.
CONCLUSION
In the Thoroughbreds with natural gait asymmetries investigated here, the direction of head vs. withers movement asymmetry identifies the majority of horses with ipsilateral and contralateral head and pelvic movement asymmetries. Withers movement should be further investigated for differentiating between forelimb and hindlimb lame horses. Horses with opposite sided head and withers asymmetry significantly delay the upward movement of the head after 'sound' forelimb stance.
Topics: Animals; Back; Biomechanical Phenomena; Gait; Head; Horses; Movement; Pelvis; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Retrospective Studies; Sports
PubMed: 28548349
DOI: 10.1111/evj.12705 -
Ulusal Travma Ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi =... Mar 2023The impact of pelvis type on percutaneous fixation of the superior pubic ramus was investigated in this study.
BACKGROUND
The impact of pelvis type on percutaneous fixation of the superior pubic ramus was investigated in this study.
METHODS
One hundred fifty pelvic CTs (female/male: 75/75) without anatomical changes in the pelvis were studied. Pelvis CT examinations with 1mm section width, pelvis typing, anterior obturator oblique, and inlet section images were created using the MPR and 3D imaging mode of the imaging system. In these images, whether a linear corridor could be obtained for the superior pubic ramus, corridor width, length, and angle values in the transverse and sagittal planes were measured in pelvic CT where linear corridor could be obtained.
RESULTS
In 11 samples (7.3 %) (group 1), no linear corridor for the superior pubic ramus could be obtained in any way. All pelvis types in this group were gynecoid, and all belonged to female patients. A linear corridor in the superior pubic ramus could be easily obtained in all pelvic CTs with Android pelvic type. The superior pubic ramus was 8.2±1.8 mm in width and 116.7±12.8 mm in length. The corridor width was measured below 5 mm in 20 (13.3%) pelvic CT images (group 2). Corridor width showed a statistically signif-icant difference depending on the pelvic type and gender.
CONCLUSION
The pelvic type is a determinat factor for the fixation of the percutaneous superior pubic ramus. For this reason, pelvic typing using MPR and 3D imaging mode in preoperative CT examination; is effective in surgical planning, implant, and surgical position selection.
Topics: Female; Humans; Male; Pelvis; Physical Examination; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 36880631
DOI: 10.14744/tjtes.2023.54545 -
Scientific Reports Aug 2019The objectives of the study were to evaluate the correctness of the body posture of female soccer players in the frontal plane from the back based on selected body... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
The objectives of the study were to evaluate the correctness of the body posture of female soccer players in the frontal plane from the back based on selected body points in two static positions (habitual and actively corrected) using a non-contact optical measurement method. Forty-two young women (aged 16-20) playing soccer in a sports club in Poland were examined and compared with controls. The spatial coordinates (x, y, z) of the selected body points were determined. Four points (Oc, Oc, Pv and Pv) were extracted and used to calculate vectors [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] for analysis. The results show that median of the pelvic line angle was positive (Pv was lower than Pv) in both groups. For the habitual posture, the absolute value of the difference between the 25th and 75th percentiles in the pelvic line was almost three times greater among the soccer players than the controls (ratio between soccer players and controls: 2.93). Static postural imbalances in female soccer players require diagnosis of the sacroiliac joints with analysis of lumbar-pelvic system support and inhibition in the context of myofascial connection integration. Exercises can be implemented to stabilize the lumbar-pelvis complex as prophylaxis for spinal overload during the training cycle.
Topics: Adolescent; Anthropometry; Athletes; Female; Humans; Pelvis; Poland; Postural Balance; Posture; Sacroiliac Joint; Soccer; Young Adult
PubMed: 31371759
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47619-1 -
International Braz J Urol : Official... 2023The objective of the present study is to evaluate the anatomy of the inferior hypogastric plexus, correlating it with urological pathologies, imaging exams and surgeries... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The objective of the present study is to evaluate the anatomy of the inferior hypogastric plexus, correlating it with urological pathologies, imaging exams and surgeries of the female pelvis, especially for treatment of endometriosis.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We carried out a review about the anatomy of the inferior hypogastric plexus in the female pelvis. We analyzed papers published in the past 20 years in the databases of Pubmed, Embase and Scielo, and we included only papers in English and excluded case reports, editorials, and opinions of specialists. We also studied two human fixed female corpses and microsurgical dissection material with a stereoscopic magnifying glass with 2.5x magnification.
RESULTS
Classical anatomical studies provide few details of the morphology of the inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP) or the location and nature of the associated nerves. The fusion of pelvic splanchnic nerves, sacral splanchnic nerves, and superior hypogastric plexus together with visceral afferent fibers form the IHP. The surgeon's precise knowledge of the anatomical relationship between the hypogastric nerve and the uterosacral ligament is essential to reduce the risk of complications and postoperative morbidity of patients surgically treated for deep infiltrative endometriosis involving the uterosacral ligament.
CONCLUSION
Accurate knowledge of the innervation of the female pelvis is of fundamental importance for prevention of possible injuries and voiding dysfunctions as well as the evacuation mechanism in the postoperative period. Imaging exams such as nuclear magnetic resonance are interesting tools for more accurate visualization of the distribution of the hypogastric plexus in the female pelvis.
Topics: Humans; Female; Hypogastric Plexus; Endometriosis; Pelvis; Uterus; Cadaver
PubMed: 36515618
DOI: 10.1590/S1677-5538.IBJU.2022.9980 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) May 2017The evolution of the hominin pelvis is generally seen as involving two broad stages: the establishment of bipedal pelvic morphology by the mid-Pliocene (or earlier),...
The evolution of the hominin pelvis is generally seen as involving two broad stages: the establishment of bipedal pelvic morphology by the mid-Pliocene (or earlier), followed by architectural changes necessary to enlarge the birth canal in response to increased encephalization in Pleistocene members of the genus Homo. Pelvic and proximal femoral morphology in early Homo (namely H. erectus) has been seen as transitional between these stages, reflecting structural changes necessitated by greater body size (and perhaps moderate increases in brain size) overlain upon a basically primitive pelvic architecture. Here we review the history of thought on the evolution of the pelvis in early Homo, as well as recent fossil discoveries that have improved our understanding of diversity in pelvic morphology in early Homo and late australopiths. These discoveries (1) suggest that the "femoropelvic complex" characteristic of H. erectus emerged after the divergence of various lineages of early Homo (that is, it is not plesiomorphic for the genus) and (2) raise questions about the role that evolutionary change in brain size in the genus Homo played in the emergence of derived features seen in the pelvis of modern humans. Anat Rec, 300:964-977, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Body Size; Femur; Fossils; Hominidae; Pelvis
PubMed: 28406570
DOI: 10.1002/ar.23576 -
Folia Morphologica 2023Anatomical variations are defined as atypical morphologic and positional presentations of anatomical entities. Pelvic anatomical variations encountered during abdominal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Anatomical variations are defined as atypical morphologic and positional presentations of anatomical entities. Pelvic anatomical variations encountered during abdominal hysterectomy can be of clinical interest, given that misidentification of certain structures can lead to iatrogenic injuries and postoperative sequelae. The aim of the present study was to detect and highlight the anatomical structures of interest and their variations to the surgeon performing abdominal hysterectomy for benign conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A narrative review of the literature was performed including reports of anatomical variations encountered in cadavers, by surgeons during abdominal hysterectomy and radiologists on computed tomography angiography, searching within a 10-year span on PubMed database. Studies regarding the treatment of malignant conditions requiring lymphadenectomy and different modes of surgical approach were reviewed with regards to the aspects relevant to benign conditions. The search was extended to the reference lists of all retrieved articles.
RESULTS
Ureters and the uterine arteries, due to anatomical variations, are the anatomical structures most vulnerable during abdominal hysterectomy. Specifically, the ureters can present multiplications, retroiliac positionings and ureteric diverticula, whereas, the uterine arteries can present notable variability in their origins. Such variations can be detected preoperatively or intraoperatively.
CONCLUSIONS
Although rare, the presence of anatomical variations of the uterine arteries and ureters can increase the possibility of complications should they escape detection. Intraoperative misidentification could lead to improper dissection or ligation of the affected structures. Knowledge of these variations, coupled with extensive preoperative investigation and intraoperative vigilance can minimise the risk of complications.
Topics: Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Pelvis; Ureter
PubMed: 36254107
DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2022.0089 -
Anatomical Record (Hoboken, N.J. : 2007) Dec 2019Pelvic incidence (PI) is a measure of the sagittal orientation of the sacrum relative to the acetabula and is not dependent on posture. In asymptomatic adults, PI...
Pelvic incidence (PI) is a measure of the sagittal orientation of the sacrum relative to the acetabula and is not dependent on posture. In asymptomatic adults, PI correlates with lumbar lordosis. Lumbar lordosis is shown to increase with age following the onset of unassisted bipedal locomotion in children, but to what extent PI changes in relation to lumbar lordosis during skeletal maturation is unclear. The purpose of this study is to understand how PI, lumbar lordosis, and age are related in children and adolescents. PI, supine lumbar lordosis (SLL), and individual wedging angles of the lumbar vertebral bodies were measured on mid-sagittal reformatted images from 144 abdominal computed tomographic scans of individuals aged 2-20 years old, divided into three separate age categories representing pre-growth spurt (ages 2-9), growth spurt (10-15), and post-growth spurt (16-20). Our results showed that, while SLL significantly increased with age during development, PI did not. Despite the fact that PI hardly changed with age, the difference between PI and SLL decreased nonlinearly with age. SLL did not correlate with PI in the youngest age category, but positively correlated with PI in the middle and oldest age categories. The relationship between lumbar lordosis and PI, which is correlated in adults, was significant in our older age categories and not in our youngest age category. Our results indicate that PI in children and adolescents may have some predictive value for adult lumbar lordosis. Anat Rec, 302:2132-2139, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Humans; Lordosis; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Pelvis; Posture; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult
PubMed: 31241249
DOI: 10.1002/ar.24209 -
Radiographics : a Review Publication of... 2017Soft-tissue sarcomas occurring in the abdomen and pelvis are an uncommon but important group of malignancies. Recent changes to the World Health Organization... (Review)
Review
Soft-tissue sarcomas occurring in the abdomen and pelvis are an uncommon but important group of malignancies. Recent changes to the World Health Organization classification of soft-tissue tumors include the movement of gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) into the soft-tissue tumor classification. GIST is the most common intraperitoneal sarcoma. Liposarcoma is the most common retroperitoneal sarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma is the second most common. GIST, liposarcoma, and leiomyosarcoma account for the majority of sarcomas encountered in the abdomen and pelvis and are discussed in part 1 of this article. Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (previously called malignant fibrous histiocytoma), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, solitary fibrous tumor, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, extraskeletal chondro-osseous sarcomas, vascular sarcomas, and sarcomas of uncertain differentiation uncommonly arise in the abdomen and pelvis and the abdominal wall. Although these lesions are rare sarcomas and their imaging features overlap, familiarity with the locations where they occur and their imaging features is important so they can be diagnosed accurately. The anatomic location and clinical history are important factors in the differential diagnosis of these lesions because metastasis, more-common sarcomas, borderline fibroblastic proliferations (such as desmoid tumors), and endometriosis have imaging findings that overlap with those of these uncommon sarcomas. In this article, the clinical, pathologic, and imaging findings of uncommon soft-tissue sarcomas of the abdomen and pelvis and the abdominal wall are reviewed, with an emphasis on their differential diagnosis.
Topics: Abdomen; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pelvis; Sarcoma
PubMed: 28493803
DOI: 10.1148/rg.2017160201 -
Fertility and Sterility Jun 2016The comprehensive "one-stop shop" ultrasound evaluation of an infertile woman, performed around cycle days 5 to 9, will reveal abundant information about the anatomy and... (Review)
Review
The comprehensive "one-stop shop" ultrasound evaluation of an infertile woman, performed around cycle days 5 to 9, will reveal abundant information about the anatomy and morphology of the pelvic organs and thereby avoid costly radiation and iodinated contrast exposure. We propose a two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasound to examine the appearance and shape of the endometrium, endometrial cavity, myometrium, and junctional zone, to assess for müllerian duct anomalies fibroids, adenomyosis, and polyps. We then evaluate the adnexa with grayscale ultrasound and Doppler, looking for ovarian masses or cysts, and signs of tubal disease. The cul-de-sac is imaged to look for masses, endometriosis, and free fluid. We then push gently on the uterus and ovaries to assess mobility. Lack of free movement of the organs would suggest adhesions or endometriosis. The sonohysterogram then allows for more detailed evaluation of the endometrial cavity, endometrial lining, and any intracavitary lesions. Tubal patency is then assessed during the sonohysterogram in real time by introducing air and saline or contrast and imaging the tubes (HyCoSy). With this single comprehensive ultrasound examination, patients can obtain a reliable, time-efficient, minimally invasive infertility evaluation in their own clinician's office at significantly less cost and without radiation.
Topics: Endometriosis; Female; Humans; Infertility, Female; Pelvis; Ultrasonography, Doppler
PubMed: 27054310
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.03.026