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Veterinary World Jul 2015The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship of udder shape, teat-end shape, teat length, and teat diameter with intra-mammary infection in Jersey...
AIM
The present study was aimed to investigate the relationship of udder shape, teat-end shape, teat length, and teat diameter with intra-mammary infection in Jersey crossbred cows under hot-humid climate.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 24 lactating Jersey crossbred cows were evaluated for udder shape (pendulous/regular) and teat-end shape (flat/inverted/pointed) by visual examination, while teat length and teat diameter were measured using vernier caliper. Monthly milk sampling was done for 4 months of duration. Few quarters were found as blind or non-functional and so, a total of 366 quarter wise milk samples were collected at the monthly interval and subjected to somatic cell count (SCC) microscopically. The data on SCC were transformed into log scale and analyzed.
RESULTS
There was a significant (p<0.01) effect of udder shape and teat-end shape on SCC level. The mean SCC level for pendulous udder was significantly (p<0.05) higher as compared to the regular shaped udder. Similarly, significantly (p<0.05) a higher level of mean SCC was found in flat teat-end shape. A significant (p<0.01) correlation was found between SCC and teat length as well as teat diameter.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, pendulous udder, flat and inverted teat-end, very long and thick teat were more susceptible to intra-mammary infection in Jersey crossbred cows and these traits must be considered accordingly while selecting dairy animals for future milk production.
PubMed: 27047172
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2015.898-901 -
Radiology and Oncology Aug 2018Background Breast radiotherapy is an established adjuvant treatment after breast conserving surgery. One of the important individual factors affecting the final cosmetic...
Background Breast radiotherapy is an established adjuvant treatment after breast conserving surgery. One of the important individual factors affecting the final cosmetic outcome after radiation is breast size. The purpose of this review is to summarise the clinical toxicity profile of adjuvant radiotherapy in women with breasts of various sizes, and to evaluate the treatment planning studies comparing target coverage and dose to thoracic organs at risk in relation to breast size. Conclusions Inhomogeneity and excessive radiation dose (hot spots) in the planning of target volume as well as large volume of the breast per se, all contribute to a higher rate of acute adverse events and suboptimal final cosmetic outcome in adjuvant breast cancer radiotherapy, regardless of the fractionation schedule. Improved homogeneity leads to a lower rate of ≥ grade 2 toxicity and can be achieved with three-dimensional conformal or modulated radiotherapy techniques. There may be an association between body habitus (higher body mass index, bigger breast size, pendulous breast, and large chest wall separation) and a higher mean dose to the ipsilateral lung and whole heart. A combination of the technical innovations (i.e. the breath-hold technique, prone position with or without holding breath, lateral decubitus position, and thermoplastic bra), dose prescription (i.e. moderate hypofractionation), and irradiated volume (i.e. partial breast irradiation) should be tailored to every single patient in clinical practice to mitigate the risk of radiation adverse effects.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Mastectomy, Segmental; Organ Size; Organs at Risk; Quality of Life; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Adjuvant
PubMed: 30210048
DOI: 10.2478/raon-2018-0026 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... May 2018Plant shoots typically grow upward in opposition to the pull of gravity. However, exceptions exist throughout the plant kingdom. Most conspicuous are trees with weeping...
Plant shoots typically grow upward in opposition to the pull of gravity. However, exceptions exist throughout the plant kingdom. Most conspicuous are trees with weeping or pendulous branches. While such trees have long been cultivated and appreciated for their ornamental value, the molecular basis behind the weeping habit is not known. Here, we characterized a weeping tree phenotype in (peach) and identified the underlying genetic mutation using a genomic sequencing approach. Weeping peach tree shoots exhibited a downward elliptical growth pattern and did not exhibit an upward bending in response to 90° reorientation. The causative allele was found to be an uncharacterized gene, , having a 1.8-Kb deletion spanning the 5' end. This gene, dubbed , was predominantly expressed in phloem tissues and encodes a highly conserved 129-amino acid protein containing a sterile alpha motif (SAM) domain. Silencing WEEP in the related tree species (plum) resulted in more outward, downward, and wandering shoot orientations compared to standard trees, supporting a role for WEEP in directing lateral shoot growth in trees. This previously unknown regulator of branch orientation, which may also be a regulator of gravity perception or response, provides insights into our understanding of how tree branches grow in opposition to gravity and could serve as a critical target for manipulating tree architecture for improved tree shape in agricultural and horticulture applications.
Topics: Chromosome Mapping; Phenotype; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Plant Shoots; Protein Domains; Prunus persica; Sterile Alpha Motif; Trees
PubMed: 29712856
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1704515115 -
PhytoKeys 2018A new species, Fernando, from ultramafic soils on Dinagat and Mindanao Islands, Philippines is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by its...
A new species, Fernando, from ultramafic soils on Dinagat and Mindanao Islands, Philippines is described and illustrated. The species is characterized by its terrestrial erect habit, non-setose nodes, 3-plinerved, lanceolate and coriaceous leaves arranged in whorls, cauline or axillary and pendulous inflorescences, rounded flower buds, 4-merous flowers, and straight anthers. It is compared with other similar species in the Merr. complex.
PubMed: 30584396
DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.113.30027 -
Pathology Oncology Research : POR 2022Gallbladder carcinosarcoma with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells is known to be most uncommon form of gallbladder cancer. Owing to its rarity, the...
Gallbladder carcinosarcoma with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells is known to be most uncommon form of gallbladder cancer. Owing to its rarity, the pathogenesis of gallbladder carcinosarcoma with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells is largely unknown. We present a case of carcinosarcoma with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells in the gallbladder. A 57-year-old woman visited our hospital due to jaundice. An examination revealed calculous cholecystitis and gallbladder carcinoma. After cholecystectomy, macroscopic examination disclosed one whitish mass and another distinct brown and pendulous mass in the body of the gallbladder. A pathological examination revealed that each mass had a different histological type: adenosquamous carcinoma and carcinosarcoma with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells. Immunohistochemistry revealed that these osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells are CD68(+), CD163(-), and MIB-1(-). In addition, the osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells showed the strong expression of RANK and sarcoma cells around the osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells, were positive for RANKL. Furthermore, RUNX2 was positive for some sarcoma cells. The result indicated that osteoclastic and osteoblast-like differentiation occurred in our case. To our knowledge, this is the first case to show the interaction of RANK-RANKL signaling in gallbladder carcinosarcoma with osteoclast-like multinucleated giant cells.
Topics: Carcinosarcoma; Female; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Giant Cells; Humans; Middle Aged; Osteoclasts; Research Report
PubMed: 35401056
DOI: 10.3389/pore.2022.1610134 -
Canine Medicine and Genetics Sep 2021Otitis externa is a commonly diagnosed disorder in dogs and can carry a high welfare impact on affected animals. This study aimed to report the prevalence and explore...
BACKGROUND
Otitis externa is a commonly diagnosed disorder in dogs and can carry a high welfare impact on affected animals. This study aimed to report the prevalence and explore the role of breed and aural conformation as predisposing factors for canine otitis externa in the UK. The study used a cohort design of dogs under UK primary veterinary care at clinics participating in the VetCompass Programme during 2016. Risk factor analysis used multivariable logistic regression modelling.
RESULTS
The study included a random sample of 22,333 dogs from an overall population of 905,554 dogs under veterinary care in 2016. The one-year period prevalence of otitis externa was 7.30% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 6.97 to 7.65). Breed and ear carriage were the highest ranked risk factors. Compared with crossbred dogs, sixteen breed types showed increased odds, including: Basset Hound (odds ratio [OR] 5.87), Chinese Shar Pei (OR 3.44), Labradoodle (OR 2.95), Beagle (OR 2.54) and Golden Retriever (OR 2.23). Four breeds showed protection (i.e. reduced odds) of otitis externa: Chihuahua (OR 0.20), Border Collie (OR 0.34), Yorkshire Terrier (OR 0.49) and Jack Russell Terrier (OR 0.52). Designer breed types overall had 1.63 times the odds (95% CI 1.31 to 2.03) compared with crossbred dogs. Compared with breeds with erect ear carriage, breeds with pendulous ear carriage had 1.76 times the odds (95% CI 1.48 to 2.10) and breeds with V-shaped drop ear carriage had 1.84 times the odds (95% CI 1.53 to 2.21) of otitis externa.
CONCLUSIONS
Breed itself and breed-associated ear carriage conformation are important predisposing factors for canine otitis externa. Greater awareness of these associations for both predisposed and protected breeds could support veterinary practitioners to promote cautious and low-harm approaches in their clinical advice on preventive care for otitis externa, especially in predisposed breeds.
PubMed: 34488894
DOI: 10.1186/s40575-021-00106-1 -
International Journal of Surgery Case... 2018Grade V post-circumcision penile injury is known as "total phallic loss". It is usually seen with the use of mono-polar electro-cautery for circumcision resulting in...
INTRODUCTION
Grade V post-circumcision penile injury is known as "total phallic loss". It is usually seen with the use of mono-polar electro-cautery for circumcision resulting in penile necrosis. We report on a newborn treated by release of the subcutaneous corporal remnant and explain why this option should be considered of choice in cautery-related Grade V injuries.
REPORT OF A CASE
A 25-day old Saudi Arabian newborn with Grade V penile injury underwent reconstruction at our tertiary-care center. Upon exploration, the remnant part of the penis under the suprapubic skin was 2.6 cm. This included the root of the penis (estimated to be 1.8 cm long in the newborn) as well as an extra 0.8 cm of corporal length from the pendulous part of the penis which has retracted under the skin. Full release of the suspensory ligament was done. The result at 6 months was satisfactory both functionally and cosmetically.
DISCUSSION
Options of management of Grade V injuries include sex-reassignment, phallic reconstruction using flaps, and release of the subcutaneous corporal remnant. We demonstrate that the latter option should be considered of choice in cautery-related Grade V injuries because there is usually preservation of the most proximal part of the corpora of the shaft which becomes retracted under the skin. Hence, the released remnant is of adequate length.
CONCLUSION
Post-circumcision Grade V penile injuries of the newborn are best reconstructed with release of the subcutaneous corporal remnant. The neophallus is erectile and has an acceptable length and appearance.
PubMed: 30144715
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2018.08.003 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Dec 2019Certain appearances of the major duodenal papilla have been claimed to make cannulation more difficult during ERCP. This study uses a validated classification of the...
Macroscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla influences bile duct cannulation: a prospective multicenter study by the Scandinavian Association for Digestive Endoscopy Study Group for ERCP.
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Certain appearances of the major duodenal papilla have been claimed to make cannulation more difficult during ERCP. This study uses a validated classification of the endoscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla to determine if certain types of papilla predispose to difficult cannulation.
METHODS
Patients with a naïve papilla scheduled for ERCP were included. The papilla was classified into 1 of 4 papilla types before cannulation started. Time to successful bile duct cannulation, attempts, and number of pancreatic duct passages were recorded. Difficult cannulation was defined as after 5 minutes, 5 attempts, or 2 pancreatic guidewire passages.
RESULTS
A total of 1401 patients were included from 9 different centers in the Nordic countries. The overall frequency of difficult cannulation was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI], 39%-44%). Type 2 small papilla (52%; 95% CI, 45%-59%) and type 3 protruding or pendulous papilla (48%; 95% CI, 42%-53%) were more frequently difficult to cannulate compared with type 1 regular papilla (36%; 95% CI, 33%-40%; both P < .001). If an inexperienced endoscopist started cannulation, the frequency of failed cannulation increased from 1.9% to 6.3% (P < .0001), even though they were replaced by a senior endoscopist after 5 minutes.
CONCLUSIONS
The endoscopic appearance of the major duodenal papilla influences bile duct cannulation. Small type 2 and protruding or pendulous type 3 papillae are more frequently difficult to cannulate. In addition, cannulation might even fail more frequently if a beginner starts cannulation. These findings should be taken into consideration when performing studies regarding bile duct cannulation and in training future generations of endoscopists.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ampulla of Vater; Catheterization; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Pancreatic Ducts; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 31326385
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2019.07.014 -
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical... Apr 2021Due to the limited height of commercial prone breast boards, large or pendulous breasts may contact the base layer of the board during simulation and throughout the...
Due to the limited height of commercial prone breast boards, large or pendulous breasts may contact the base layer of the board during simulation and throughout the course of treatment. Our clinic has historically identified and marked this region of contact to ensure reproducible setup. However, this situation may result in unwanted hotspots where the breast rests atop the board due to electron scatter. In this study, we performed in-vivo dosimetric measurements to evaluate the surface dose in regions of contact with the immobilization device. The average dose and hotspot were identified and evaluated to determine whether plan modifications were necessary to avoid excess skin toxicity at the skin/breast board interface. The film method results were validated against a commissioned in vivo OSLD dosimetry system. Radiochromic film measurements agreed with OSLD readings (n = 18) overall within 1%, σ = 6.4%, with one deviation of >10%. Pertinent information for the physician includes the average, maximum, and minimum doses received at the film interface. Future readings will not require OSLD verification. Physicians now have access to additional spatial data to correlate skin toxicity with doses delivered at the skin/breast board interface. This new technique is now an established procedure at our clinic, and can inform future efforts to model enhanced methods to calculate the dosimetric effects from the prone breast board in the treatment planning system.
Topics: Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Computer Simulation; Female; Humans; Radiometry; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Skin
PubMed: 33760370
DOI: 10.1002/acm2.13229 -
Translational Andrology and Urology Mar 2021To present our experience of transposing the penis to the perineum, with penile-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty, for the treatment of complex bulbo-membranous...
BACKGROUND
To present our experience of transposing the penis to the perineum, with penile-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty, for the treatment of complex bulbo-membranous urethral strictures.
METHODS
Between January 2002 and December 2018, 20 patients with long segment urethral strictures (mean 8.6 cm, range 7.5 to 11 cm) and scarred perineoscrotal skin underwent a procedure of transposition of the penis to the perineum and the penile urethra was anastomosed to the prostatic urethra. Before admission 20 patients had unsuccessful repairs (mean 4.5, range 2 to 12); five patients were associated urethrorectal fistula; 16 patients reported severe penile erectile dysfunction (PED) or no penile erectile at any time and four reported partial erections.
RESULTS
The mean follow-up period was 45.9 (range 12 to 131) months. Nineteen patients could void normally with a mean Qmax of 22.48 (range 15.6 to 31.4) mL/s. One patient developed postoperative urethral stenosis. After 1 to 10 years of the procedure, nine patients underwent the second procedure. Of the nine patients, four underwent straightening the penis and one-stage anterior urethral reconstruction using a penile circular fasciocutaneous skin flap, and five underwent straightening the penis and staged Johanson urethroplasty. Seven patients could void normally, one developed urethrocutaneous fistula and one developed urethral stenosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Transposition of the penis to the perineum with pendulous-prostatic anastomotic urethroplasty may be considered as a salvage option for patients with complex long segment posterior urethral strictures.
PubMed: 33850738
DOI: 10.21037/tau-20-1024