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Current Issues in Molecular Biology Nov 2023is a trichomonad protozoan that infects the cecum and colon of humans and other mammals. It is a zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrhea in both animals and humans. As...
is a trichomonad protozoan that infects the cecum and colon of humans and other mammals. It is a zoonotic pathogen that causes diarrhea in both animals and humans. As companion animals, dogs infected with pose a risk of transmitting it to humans. Current methods, such as direct smears and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), used for detection have limitations, including low detection rates and the need for specialized equipment. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop rapid, sensitive, and simple detection methods for clinical application. Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) has emerged as a technology for rapid pathogen detection. In this study, we developed a lateral flow dipstick (LFD)-RPA method based on the highly conserved gene for detecting infection by optimizing the primers, probes, and reaction conditions, and evaluating cross-reactivity with genomes of and other parasites. The LFD-RPA method was then used to test 128 dog fecal samples collected from Changchun. The results confirmed the high specificity of the method with no cross-reactivity with the five other parasites. The lowest detection limit of the method was 10 copies/µL, and its sensitivity was 10 times higher than that of the conventional PCR method. Consistent with the positivity rate observed using nested PCR, 12 samples (out of 128) tested positive using this method (positivity rate, 9.38%). In conclusion, the LFD-RPA method developed in this study represents a simple and sensitive assay that allows for the rapid detection of infection in dogs, especially in this field.
PubMed: 37998756
DOI: 10.3390/cimb45110579 -
Parasites & Vectors Aug 2019Pentatrichomonas hominis is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the large intestine of humans. Although several protozoans have been proposed to have a role in cancer...
BACKGROUND
Pentatrichomonas hominis is a flagellated protozoan that inhabits the large intestine of humans. Although several protozoans have been proposed to have a role in cancer progression, little is known about the epidemiology of P. hominis infection in cancer patients.
METHODS
To determine the prevalence of P. hominis in patients with digestive system malignancies, we collected 195 and 142 fecal samples from gastrointestinal cancer patients and residents without any complaints related to the digestive system, respectively. Each sample was detected for the presence of P. hominis by nested PCR amplifying the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and partial 18S rRNA gene.
RESULTS
A significantly higher prevalence of P. hominis was found in cancer patients than that in the control population (41.54 vs 9.15%, χ = 42.84, df = 1, P < 0.001), resulting in a 6.75-fold risk of gastrointestinal cancers (OR: 6.75, 95% CI: 3.55-12.83, P < 0.001). The highest prevalence of P. hominis infection was detected in small intestine cancer patients (60%, OR: 14.88, 95% CI: 0.82-4.58, P = 0.009) followed by liver (57.14%, χ = 10.82, df = 1, P = 0.001) and stomach cancer patients (45.1%, χ = 31.95, df = 1, P < 0.001). In addition, phylogenetic analysis provided some evidence supporting that human P. hominis infection might derive from animal sources.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this study is the first report presenting the high association between P. hominis and gastrointestinal cancers. Nevertheless, whether there is any possible pathological role of P. hominis infection in cancer patients needs to be further elucidated.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; China; DNA, Intergenic; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 31462294
DOI: 10.1186/s13071-019-3684-4 -
Integrative Zoology Jul 2022The overall infection rate of Pentatrichomonas hominis in Siberian tigers in northeast China is 31.3%. All the P. hominis identified in Siberian tigers belonged to...
The overall infection rate of Pentatrichomonas hominis in Siberian tigers in northeast China is 31.3%. All the P. hominis identified in Siberian tigers belonged to genotype CC1.
Topics: Animals; China; Prevalence; Tigers
PubMed: 35064641
DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12629 -
Parasite (Paris, France) 2024Pentatrichomonas hominis, a flagellated parasitic protozoan, predominantly infects the mammalian digestive tract, often causing symptoms such as abdominal pain and...
Pentatrichomonas hominis, a flagellated parasitic protozoan, predominantly infects the mammalian digestive tract, often causing symptoms such as abdominal pain and diarrhea. However, studies investigating its pathogenicity are limited, and the mechanisms underlying P. hominis-induced diarrhea remain unclear. Establishing an in vitro cell model for P. hominis infection is imperative. This study investigated the interaction between P. hominis and IPEC-J2 cells and its impact on parasite growth, adhesion, morphology, and cell viability. Co-cultivation of P. hominis with IPEC-J2 cells resulted in exponential growth of the parasite, with peak densities reaching approximately 4.8 × 10 cells/mL and 1.2 × 10 cells/mL at 48 h for initial inoculation concentrations of 10 cells/mL and 10 cells/mL, respectively. The adhesion rate of P. hominis to IPEC-J2 cells reached a maximum of 93.82% and 86.57% at 24 h for initial inoculation concentrations of 10 cells/mL and 10 cells/mL, respectively. Morphological changes in IPEC-J2 cells co-cultivated with P. hominis were observed, manifesting as elongated and irregular shapes. The viability of IPEC-J2 cells exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing P. hominis concentration and co-cultivation time. Additionally, the mRNA expression levels of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α were upregulated, whereas those of CAT and CuZn-SOD were downregulated. These findings provide quantitative evidence that P. hominis can promote its growth by adhering to IPEC-J2 cells, inducing morphological changes, reducing cell viability, and triggering inflammatory responses. Further in vivo studies are warranted to confirm these results and enhance our understanding of P. hominis infection.
Topics: Animals; Trichomonas; Cell Proliferation; Abdominal Pain; Diarrhea; Gene Expression; Mammals
PubMed: 38530211
DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024014 -
Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi Jun 2018We aimed to demonstrate that Pentatrichomonas hominis may also be an agent, although rare, in diarrheal episodes. Stool samples were first examined macroscopically and...
We aimed to demonstrate that Pentatrichomonas hominis may also be an agent, although rare, in diarrheal episodes. Stool samples were first examined macroscopically and microscopically during routine parasitological examinations. Samples were then evaluated by Native-Lugol and formol-ethyl acetate centrifugation method. To exclude other pathogenic bacterial agents, a bacteriological culture method was applied. Samples were evaluated using a qualitative immunochromatographic test kit for rotavirus and adenovirus. We presented three cases of 77-year-old and 10-year-old male and 9-year-old female patients. Cases 1 and 2 were admitted to the hospital with complaints of diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weakness in July 2013. Leukocytes and active P. hominis trophozoites were detected. No bacterial and other parasitic and viral agents were found in their stool specimens. Oral metronidazole treatments were administered to the patients. In Case 3, P. hominis trophozoites were detected in the cellophane band in the plastic locked bag which could survive for 48 hduring a field survey in May 2012. Case 3 was contacted and advised to visit a pediatrician. P. hominis is a rare parasitic zoonosis, and we believe that it should not be ignored among diarrheal agents.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Animals; Antitrichomonal Agents; Child; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Female; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Trichomonas; Trichomonas Infections
PubMed: 30070647
DOI: 10.5152/tpd.2018.4846 -
Iranian Journal of Parasitology 2018In pigs, several different trichomonad species such as , and have been described as inhabiting the digestive tract. However, little information is available on the...
BACKGROUND
In pigs, several different trichomonad species such as , and have been described as inhabiting the digestive tract. However, little information is available on the epidemiology of these neglected parasites in the Chinese pig population.
METHODS
The prevalence of , and among 500 fecal specimens from pigs at seven pigs farms in Anhui Province in China between Oct and Dec 2014, was determined by PCR and DNA sequence analysis of the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) genes.
RESULTS
The prevalence rates for , and were 2.8% (14/500), 42.0% (210/500) and 7.8% (39/500), respectively. Mixed infections of two or three trichomonads were detected in 24 samples. The prevalence of the three trichomonads differed significantly between some age groups, with higher infection rates of and in nursery pigs and in preweaned pigs. The SSU rRNA sequences from and showed 100% homology with their respective homologous database sequences. However, we observed minor allelic variations in the SSU rRNA sequences from , and the five representative sequences identified were named firstly as types 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Moreover, type 1 was found to be dominant in the present study.
CONCLUSION
These findings highlight the potential risk posed by pigs in the transmission of trichomonad infections to humans and other animals.
PubMed: 30697314
DOI: No ID Found -
The Korean Journal of Parasitology Dec 2016The trichomonad species and were recently detected in the feces of dogs with diarrhea. However, little information is available on the prevalence and pathogenicity of...
The trichomonad species and were recently detected in the feces of dogs with diarrhea. However, little information is available on the prevalence and pathogenicity of these parasites in the canine population. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and molecular characterization of trichomonads infecting pet dogs in Anhui and Zhejiang provinces, east China. In total, 315 pet dogs, with or without diarrhea, from 7 pet hospitals were included in this epidemiological survey. Microscopy and PCR detected in 19.7% (62/315) and 31.4% (99/315) of fecal samples, respectively. infection was detected in 0% (0/315) of samples with microscopy and in 0.6% (2/315) with PCR. The prevalence of was significantly higher in young dogs (≤12 months) than in adult dogs (>12 months), and was significantly higher in diarrheic dogs (50.6%) than in non-diarrheic dogs (24.3%; <0.05). Infection with did not correlate with any risk factors evaluated in this study. A sequence analysis of the PCR products showed minor allelic variations between our sequences and those of strains from other hosts in different parts of the world. Type CC1 was the most common strain in dogs in east China. The internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1)-5.8S rRNA gene sequences from the 2 isolates detected in this study displayed 100% identity and were homologous to the sequences of other strains isolated from domestic cats in other countries.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cats; China; DNA, Protozoan; DNA, Ribosomal; DNA, Ribosomal Spacer; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic; Male; Microscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Pets; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; RNA, Ribosomal, 5.8S; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Trichomonadida
PubMed: 28095654
DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2016.54.6.703 -
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2022spp., , , , , and are enteric protozoan parasites and fungal species in humans and animals. Père David's deer is an endangered species in China, but the prevalence of...
spp., , , , , and are enteric protozoan parasites and fungal species in humans and animals. Père David's deer is an endangered species in China, but the prevalence of enteric protozoans in this species still needs to be further studied. Thus, we investigated the prevalence and genetic diversity of zoonotic parasites in Père David's deer during the period of 2018-2021. Among the 286 fecal samples collected from Père David's deer in the Nanhaizi Nature Reserve, 83 (29.0%) were positive for , 70 (24.5%) were positive for , while other protozoan parasites were negative. Based on a phylogenetic analysis, three subtypes (ST10, ST14, and ST21) and ten genotypes (Genotype D, MWC_d1, HLJD-V, Peru6, BEB6, BJED-I to BJED-I V) were identified. In addition, the subtype ST14 and the genotype D and Peru6 were first detected in Père David's deer. Our study first reports the presence of two enteric protozoans in Père David's deer during a 4-year active surveillance and provides more information about zoonotic subtypes/genotypes of and in deer.
PubMed: 36364973
DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111223 -
Parasite (Paris, France) 2024Trichomonads are protozoan symbionts with the capacity to infect vertebrates including humans and non-human primates (NHPs), sometimes with pathogenic effects. However,...
Trichomonads are protozoan symbionts with the capacity to infect vertebrates including humans and non-human primates (NHPs), sometimes with pathogenic effects. However, their diversity and prevalence in NHPs in China are poorly understood. A total of 533 fecal samples were collected from captive NHPs in Yunnan Province, China, of which 461 samples from Macaca fascicularis and 72 from Macaca mulatta. Trichomonadidae species were identified using PCR amplification of the ITS-1/5.8S/ITS-2 sequences. The overall prevalence of trichomonads in NHPs was determined to be 11.4% (61/533), with gender, diarrhea, and region identified as potential risk factors for the infections. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis identified three species of trichomonads, i.e., Trichomitopsis minor (n = 45), Pentatrichomonas hominis (n = 11), and Tetratrichomonas sp. (n = 5). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report Trichomitopsis minor infection in NHPs in China. Of note, Pentatrichomonas hominis is generally recognized as a parasitic organism affecting humans. Collectively, our results suggest that NHPs are potential sources of zoonotic trichomonad infections, highlighting the importance of surveillance and control measures to protect human and animal populations.
Topics: Animals; China; Phylogeny; Prevalence; Primates; Intestines; Trichomonas; Zoonoses
PubMed: 38530212
DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2024018 -
Revista Brasileira de Parasitologia... 2020Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus (cat genotype) have been commonly identified as intestinal trichomonads in both dogs and cats. Although P. hominis is...
Pentatrichomonas hominis and Tritrichomonas foetus (cat genotype) have been commonly identified as intestinal trichomonads in both dogs and cats. Although P. hominis is considered as non-pathogenic protozoa in many kinds of mammals, it has the potential for zoonotic transmission. T. foetus has been recognized as the emerging causative agent of diarrhea in cats without the risk of zoonotic transmission. As pet shops are the major source of young companion animals, the present study discusses the molecular prevalence of P. hominis and T. foetus from 544 pet shop puppies and 409 kittens. The results suggest that the prevalence of P. hominis (puppies: 7.0%; kittens: 0.5%) and T. foetus (puppies: 0%; kittens: 2.4%) in pet shop young animals are low. In addition, the infections of P. hominis and T. foetus are not always associated with the clinical signs (soft or diarrhea feces).
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Feces; Female; Japan; Prevalence; Protozoan Infections, Animal; Trichomonadida; Tritrichomonas foetus; Zoonoses
PubMed: 33237191
DOI: 10.1590/S1984-29612020098