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Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from fermented foods exhibit great potential to alleviate hypertension. In this study, the peptide extract from...
Angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from fermented foods exhibit great potential to alleviate hypertension. In this study, the peptide extract from exhibited a good inhibition effect on ACE, and the inhibition rate was significantly enhanced after fermentation for 8 days. The ACE inhibitory peptides were further identified, followed by their inhibition and formation mechanisms using microbiome technology and molecular docking. A total of 356 ACE inhibitory peptides were predicted using , and most ACE inhibitory peptides increased after fermentation. These peptides could be hydrolyzed from 94 kinds of precursor proteins, mainly including muscle-type creatine kinase, nebulin, and troponin I. P1 (VEIINARA), P2 (FAVMVKG), P4 (EITWSDDKK), P7 (DFDDIQK), P8 (IGDDPKF), P9 (INDDPKIL), and P10 (GVDNPGHPFI) were selected as the core ACE inhibitory peptides according to their abundance and docking energy. The salt bridge and conventional hydrogen bond connecting unsaturated oxygen atoms in the peptides contributed most to the ACE inhibition. The cleavage proteases from the microbial genera in for preparing these 7 core ACE inhibitory peptides were further analyzed by hydrolysis prediction and Pearson's correlation. The correlation network showed that P7, P8, and P9 were mainly produced by the proteases from LAB including , and , while P1, P2, P4, and P10 were mainly Produced by , and . This study is helpful in isolating the proteases and microbial strains to directionally produce the responding ACE inhibitory peptides.
PubMed: 35938113
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.920945 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Nov 2021In recent years, the incidence rate of Thyroid carcinoma (TC) has been increasing worldwide. Thus, research on factors of TC carcinogenesis may promote TC prevention and...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the incidence rate of Thyroid carcinoma (TC) has been increasing worldwide. Thus, research on factors of TC carcinogenesis may promote TC prevention and decrease the incidence rate. There are several studies targeting the correlation between gut microbiota and thyroid disease. Carcinogenesis of several malignancies is influenced by microbiota. However, thyroid microbiome of TC has not been revealed. This study investigated thyroid microbiota in different TC microhabitats.
METHODS
We performed 16s rRNA gene sequencing using tumor tissues and matched peritumor tissues from 30 patients with TC to characterize thyroid microbiota.
RESULTS
The richness and diversity of thyroid microbiota were lower in TC tumor samples than in matched peritumor tissues. At the genus level, the core microbiota of thyroid included Sphingomonas, Comamonas, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Microvirgula, and Soonwooa. The abundance of Sphingomonas and Aeromonas was significantly increased in tumor tissues, while the abundance of Comamonas, Acinetobacter, and Peptostreptococcus was significantly enhanced in peritumor tissues. The combination of Comamonas and Sphingomonas could discriminate tumor samples from peritumor samples with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.981 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.949-1.000). The abundance of Sphingomonas was significantly higher in N1 stage than in N0 stage. Sphingomonas could distinguish between N0 and N1 stage with an AUC of 0.964 (95% CI 0.907-1.000).
CONCLUSIONS
The microbial diversity and composition were significantly different between peritumor and tumor microhabitats from patients with TC, which may eventually affect TC carcinogenesis and progression. The combination of Comamonas and Sphingomonas could serve as a powerful biomarker for discrimination between tumor and peritumor tissues. Furthermore, the higher abundance of Sphingomonas was correlated with lymph node metastasis, indicating that the abundance of Sphingomonas may indicate a poor prognosis for TC patients, and Sphingomonas may play a role in promoting TC progression.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 34847917
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03167-9 -
Sexual Medicine Aug 2023The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) to treat cervical dysplasia (CD) is known to alter the cervical microbiota, the community of bacteria that play a...
BACKGROUND
The loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) to treat cervical dysplasia (CD) is known to alter the cervical microbiota, the community of bacteria that play a central role in female genital health. Perturbations to the microbiota of the female urogenital tract (FUT), including the urethra, vagina, and cervix, have been linked with symptoms of sexual dysfunction (SD), though correlations among LEEP, the microenvironment, and SD have not yet been described.
AIMS
To characterize the FUT microbiota before and after LEEP and investigate possible associations with SD.
METHODS
Females undergoing LEEP for CD were recruited to participate in the study. Urinary samples and vaginal and cervical swabs were collected immediately before and 3 months after treatment. Bacterial communities were characterized by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. Self-report surveys assessing demographics, medical history, and sexual function were completed at the same intervals.
OUTCOMES
Microbiota taxonomy and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) scores.
RESULTS
Alpha diversity revealed a significant decrease in species richness in the FUT microbiota post-LEEP. Beta diversity demonstrated significant differences among the cervical, urinary, and vaginal microenvironments pre- and post-LEEP. spp were the dominant microbial genus in the cervical microenvironment pre- and post-LEEP. Although the vaginal and urinary microenvironments were characterized by pre-LEEP, they were colonized by post-LEEP. Following LEEP, some participants experienced a significant increase in proinflammatory bacteria, including the genera , , , , and Others experienced significant decreases in inflammatory and protective bacteria post-LEEP, including , , , and Overall there were no significant changes in pre- and post-LEEP FSFI scores. However, post-LEEP FSFI scores were seemingly associated with changes in inflammatory bacteria in some participants.
CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS
There is an overall reduction in FUT microbiota dysbiosis post-LEEP. However, we show variability as some participants experienced persistent dysbiosis of FUT microbiota and elevated FSFI scores, suggesting that therapies to treat dysbiosis of FUT microbiota may reduce FSFI scores, thereby improving SD symptoms.
STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS
We demonstrate novel associations among urogenital sites, microbiota changes, LEEP, and SD. The small sample size and inability of species classification are limitations.
CONCLUSION
Diverse inflammatory microbiota characterizes CD in the FUT, and LEEP mostly returns microenvironments to a healthy state. However, some participants have persistent inflammatory bacteria post-LEEP, suggesting a non-uniform healing response. This study provides an impetus for future longitudinal studies to monitor and restore FUT microenvironments post-LEEP, aimed at mitigating postoperative SD symptoms.
PubMed: 37588087
DOI: 10.1093/sexmed/qfad039 -
Gut Pathogens Dec 2022Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors. Regional differences in risk factors are an important reason for the...
BACKGROUND
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a multifactorial disease with genetic and environmental factors. Regional differences in risk factors are an important reason for the different incidences of CRC in different regions.
OBJECTIVE
The goal was to clarify the intestinal microbial composition and structure of CRC patients in different regions and construct CRC risk prediction models based on regional differences.
METHODS
A metagenomic dataset of 601 samples from 6 countries in the GMrepo and NCBI databases was collected. All whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data were annotated for species by MetaPhlAn2. We obtained the relative abundance of species composition at the species level and genus level. The MicrobiotaProcess package was used to visualize species composition and PCA. LEfSe analysis was used to analyze the differences in the datasets in each region. Spearman correlation analysis was performed for CRC differential species. Finally, the CRC risk prediction model was constructed and verified in each regional dataset.
RESULTS
The composition of the intestinal bacterial community varied in different regions. Differential intestinal bacteria of CRC in different regions are inconsistent. There was a common diversity of bacteria in all six countries, such as Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Fusobacterium nucleatum at the species level. Peptostreptococcus stomatis (species level) and Peptostreptococcus (genus level) are important CRC-related bacteria that are related to other bacteria in different regions. Region has little influence on the accuracy of the CRC risk prediction model. Peptostreptococcus stomatis is an important variable in CRC risk prediction models in all regions.
CONCLUSION
Peptostreptococcus stomatis is a common high-risk pathogen of CRC worldwide, and it is an important variable in CRC risk prediction models in all regions. However, regional differences in intestinal bacteria had no significant impact on the accuracy of the CRC risk prediction model.
PubMed: 36578080
DOI: 10.1186/s13099-022-00524-x -
Comparative Medicine Apr 2021The use of percutaneous cranial implants in rhesus macaques () has long been a valuable tool for neuroscience research. However, when treating and assessing these...
The use of percutaneous cranial implants in rhesus macaques () has long been a valuable tool for neuroscience research. However, when treating and assessing these animals, veterinarians are required to make assumptions about diagnostic results due to a lack of research into how these implants affect physiology. Microbial cultures of cranial implant sites show an abundance of colonizing bacteria, but whether these microbes affect animal health and wellbeing is poorly understood. In addition, microbial antibiotic resistance can present significant health concerns for both the animals and the researchers. To help elucidate the relationship between percutaneous cranial implants and blood parameters, complete blood cell counts and serum chemistry results were assessed on 57 nonhuman primates at our institution from September 2001 to March 2017. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare the results before and after an animal's first implant surgery. This modelling showed that cranial implants were a significant predictor of alterations in the number of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and red blood cells, and in the concentration of hemoglobin, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, calcium, phos- phorus, total protein, albumin, and globulin. Anaerobic and aerobic bacterial cultures were performed to identify bacteria associated with cranial implants. and comprised the majority of the aerobic bacterial isolates, while , and comprised the majority of anaerobic bacterial isolates. Using a correlation for statistical analysis, we assessed whether any of these bacterial isolates developed antibiotic resistances over time. Cefazolin, the most frequently used antibiotic in monkeys in this study, was the only antimicrobial out of 41 agents tested to which bacteria developed resistance over time. These results indicate that percutaneous implants are associated with a generalized inflammatory state, multiple bacterial species are present at the implant site, and these bacteria may contribute to the inflammatory response.
Topics: Animals; Hematology; Macaca mulatta; Prostheses and Implants; Staphylococcus; Streptococcus
PubMed: 33536115
DOI: 10.30802/AALAS-CM-20-000084 -
Nutrients Nov 2023gastritis is a common stomach disease with a high global incidence and can potentially develop into gastric cancer. The treatment of gastritis focuses on medication or... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
gastritis is a common stomach disease with a high global incidence and can potentially develop into gastric cancer. The treatment of gastritis focuses on medication or diets based on national guidelines. However, the specific diet that can alleviate gastritis remains largely unknown.
METHODS
we propose a microbiota-directed dietary strategy that investigates potential food factors using microbial exogenous metabolites. Given the current lack of understanding of the repeatable characteristics of gastric microbiota, we conducted a meta-analysis to identify the features of gastric bacteria. Local samples were collected as validation cohorts. Furthermore, RevEcoR was employed to identify bacteria's exogenous metabolites, and FooDB was used to retrieve foods that can target specific bacteria.
RESULTS
Bacteroides, Weissella, Actinomyces, Atopobium, Oribacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Rothia were biomarkers between superficial gastritis (SG) and atrophic gastritis (AG) (AG_N) without infection, whereas Bacillus, Actinomyces, Cutibacterium, Helicobacter, Novosphingobium, Pseudomonas, and Streptococcus were signatures between SG and AG (AG_P) with infection. According to the exogenous metabolites, adenosyloobalamin, soybean, common wheat, dates, and barley were regarded as potential candidates for AG_N treatment, while gallate was regarded as a candidate for AG_P treatment.
CONCLUSIONS
this study firstly profiled the gastric microbiota of AG and SG with or without and provided a recommended diet for global AG according to exogenous metabolites.
Topics: Humans; Gastritis, Atrophic; Gastritis; Stomach Neoplasms; Helicobacter pylori; Diet; Helicobacter Infections
PubMed: 38004131
DOI: 10.3390/nu15224738 -
Journal of Endodontics Dec 2015This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiomes of endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after chemomechanical preparation (CMP).
INTRODUCTION
This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiomes of endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after chemomechanical preparation (CMP).
METHODS
Clinical samples were taken from 15 root canals (RCs) with necrotic pulp tissues and from their associated periodontal pockets (PPs) (n = 15) of teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after CMP. The Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) protocol and viable culture were used to analyze samples from RCs and PPs. The Mann-Whitney U test and Benjamini-Hochberg corrections were performed to correlate the clinical and radiographic findings with microbial findings (P < .05).
RESULTS
Bacteria were detected in 100% of the samples in both sites (15/15) using NGS. Firmicutes was the most predominant phylum in both sites using both methods. The most frequently detected species in the RCs before and after CMP using NGS were Enterococcus faecalis, Parvimonas micra, Mogibacterium timidum, Filifactor alocis, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum. The species most frequently detected in the PPs before and after CMP using NGS were P. micra, E. faecalis, Streptococcus constellatus, Eubacterium brachy, Tannerella forsythia, and F. alocis. Associations were found between periapical lesions ≤ 2 mm and Desulfobulbus sp oral taxon 041 and with periodontal pockets ≥ 6 mm and Dialister invisius and Peptostreptococcus stomatis (all P < .05, found in the RCs before CMP).
CONCLUSIONS
It is concluded that the microbial community present in combined endodontic-periodontal lesions is complex and more diverse than previously reported. It is important to note that bacteria do survive in some root canals after CMP. Finally, the similarity between the microbiota of both sites, before and after CMP, suggests there may be a pathway of infection between the pulp and periodontium.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; DNA, Bacterial; Dental Pulp Cavity; Dental Pulp Necrosis; Female; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Periapical Periodontitis; Periodontal Pocket; Root Canal Preparation
PubMed: 26521147
DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.022 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, is closely associated with the presence of oral microbes. However, the...
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), one of the most common malignant tumors of the head and neck, is closely associated with the presence of oral microbes. However, the microbiomes of different oral niches in OSCC patients and their association with OSCC have not been adequately characterized. In this study, 305 samples were collected from 65 OSCC patients, including tumor tissue, adjacent normal tissue (paracancerous tissue), cancer surface tissue, anatomically matched contralateral normal mucosa, saliva, and tongue coat. 16S ribosomal DNA (16S rDNA) sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition, distribution, and co-occurrence network of different oral niches. The association between the microbiome and the clinical features of OSCC was also characterized. The oral microbiome of OSCC patients showed a regular ecological distribution. Tumor and paracancerous tissues were more microbially diverse than other oral niches. Cancer surface, contralateral normal mucosa, saliva, and tongue coat showed similar microbial compositions, especially the contralateral normal mucosa and saliva. Periodontitis-associated bacteria of the genera , , , , and , and anaerobic bacteria were enriched in tumor samples. The microbiome was highly correlated with tumor clinicopathological features, with several genera (, , , , , , and ) demonstrating a relatively high diagnostic power for OSCC metastasis, potentially providing an indicator for the development of OSCC.
Topics: Bacteria; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth Neoplasms; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 36046741
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.905653 -
Oral Oncology Aug 2020Previous studies have proved that periodontitis is an independent risk factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) epidemiologically. Along with the important role of...
OBJECTIVES
Previous studies have proved that periodontitis is an independent risk factor of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) epidemiologically. Along with the important role of microbiota in the cancer process and the specific anatomical position, our study explored the microbial composition and functions in periodontitis and gingival squamous cell carcinoma (GSCC).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
GSCC patients (n = 10), matched periodontitis patients (n = 15), and healthy individuals (n = 15) were recruited. Saliva, subgingival plaque, tongue dorsum, buccal mucosa, cancerous tissue, and paracancerous tissue samples were collected. 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing and functional prediction were applied for the taxonomic analysis.
RESULTS
Periodontal pathogens occupied 46% in GSCC. Besides, the mutual operational taxonomy unites (OTU) generated from the subgingival plaque occupied 38.36% and 44.13% from saliva. Fusobacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Prevotella were more abundant in cancerous tissues, while Streptococcus, Neisseria, and Haemophilus were more enriched in saliva or soft mucosa. PCoA exhibited similar cluster between tongue dorsum and saliva in GSCC. GSCC showed lower richness than periodontitis. In saliva and subgingival plaque, Atopobium was more prevalent in GSCC than periodontitis and controls in descending order. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis increased in subgingival plaque of GSCC compared with the other two groups.
CONCLUSION
Periodontal pathogens were abundant in GSCC. Cancerous tissues harbor enriched periodontal pathogens while saliva or soft mucosa harbored more periodontal health related bacteria. A high level of Atopobium in saliva and LPS biosynthesis have the potential for increasing the risk of suffering from GSCC in individuals with periodontitis, which needs more evidence to clarify it.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Mouth Neoplasms; Periodontitis
PubMed: 32371264
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.104710 -
International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2019B cell superantigens, also called immunoglobulin superantigens, bind to the variable regions of either the heavy or light chain of immunoglobulins mirroring the...
B cell superantigens, also called immunoglobulin superantigens, bind to the variable regions of either the heavy or light chain of immunoglobulins mirroring the lymphocyte-activating properties of classical T cell superantigens. Protein A of , protein L of and gp120 of HIV are typical immunoglobulin superantigens. Mast cells are immune cells expressing the high-affinity receptor for IgE (FcεRI) and are strategically located in the human heart, where they play a role in several cardiometabolic diseases. Here, we investigated whether immunoglobulin superantigens induced the activation of human heart mast cells (HHMCs). Protein A induced the synthesis of cysteinyl leukotriene C (LTC) from HHMCs through the interaction with IgE V3 bound to FcεRI. Protein L stimulated the production of prostaglandin D (PGD) from HHMCs through the interaction with κ light chains of IgE. HIV glycoprotein gp120 induced the release of preformed (histamine) and synthesized mediators, such as cysteinyl leukotriene C (LTC), angiogenic (VEGF-A), and lymphangiogenic (VEGF-C) factors by interacting with the V3 region of IgE. Collectively, our data indicate that bacterial and viral immunoglobulin superantigens can interact with different regions of IgE bound to FcεRI to induce the release of proinflammatory, angiogenic, and lymphangiogenic factors from human cardiac mast cells.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Antigens, Viral; Biomarkers; Histamine Release; Humans; Immunoglobulin E; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Mast Cells; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Superantigens
PubMed: 31013832
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081828