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Life (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2021Emerging evidences link gut microbiota to colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and development. However, the CRC stage- and spatial-specific bacterial taxa were less...
Emerging evidences link gut microbiota to colorectal cancer (CRC) initiation and development. However, the CRC stage- and spatial-specific bacterial taxa were less investigated, especially in a Chinese cohort, leading to our incomplete understanding of the functional roles of gut microbiota in promoting CRC progression and recurrence. Here, we report the composition and structure of gut microbiota across CRC stages I, II and III, by analyzing the gut mucosal microbiomes of 75 triplet-paired samples collected from on-tumor, adjacent-tumor and off-tumor sites and 26 healthy controls. We observed tumor-specific pattern of mucosal microbiome profiles as CRC progressed and identified ten bacterial taxa with high abundances (>1%) as potential biomarkers for tumor initiation and development. and can serve as biomarkers for CRC stage I. , , , , , and can serve as biomarkers for CRC stage II, while , , , , and can serve as biomarkers for CRC stage III. These biomarkers classified CRC stages I, II and III distinguished from each other with an area under the receiver-operating curve (AUC) > 0.5. Moreover, co-occurrence and co-excluding network analysis of these genera showed strong correlations in CRC stage I, which were subsequently reduced in CRC stages II and III. Our findings provide a reference index for stage-specific CRC diagnosis and suggest stage-specific roles of , , and in driving CRC progression.
PubMed: 34440574
DOI: 10.3390/life11080831 -
Pediatric Research Jun 2022Premature adrenarche is a condition of childhood adrenal androgen excess (AAE) in the absence of gonadotropin-dependent puberty, and has been linked to insulin...
BACKGROUND
Premature adrenarche is a condition of childhood adrenal androgen excess (AAE) in the absence of gonadotropin-dependent puberty, and has been linked to insulin resistance and progression to metabolic syndrome. Microbial dysbiosis is associated with progression of inflammatory states and chronic diseases. Here, we aimed to examine the salivary microbiomes of children with AAE and assess the relationship with adrenal androgens and metabolic parameters.
METHODS
In a prospective cross-sectional study of children with AAE and healthy controls, adrenal and metabolic parameters were characterized and salivary microbiome was profiled using V3-V4 16S rDNA gene amplicon sequencing.
RESULTS
There was increased α-diversity in AAE (5 M, 15 F) compared to controls (3 M, 8 F), with positive correlation of 11OHA4, 11KA4, testosterone, androstenedione, DHEA, and DHEAS. Subanalyses showed increased α-diversity in both overweight/obese AAE and normal weight AAE compared to normal weight controls. Genus Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, and Streptococcus salivarius were increased in normal weight AAE. Genus Prevotella, Abiotrophia, and Neisseria were increased in overweight/obese AAE.
CONCLUSION
These pilot data demonstrate differences in salivary microbiome profiles of children with and without AAE. Further studies are needed to assess the causal relationships between adrenal androgens, metabolic dysfunction, and salivary microbiome composition.
IMPACT
This study is the first to report the salivary microbiome of prepubertal children with adrenal androgen excess (AAE). α-Diversity is increased in the salivary microbiome of children with AAE independent of weight status, and in this study cohort several serum androgens are positively associated with α-diversity. Several taxa that have been associated with periodontal disease and inflammation are found to be significantly increased in AAE.
Topics: Androgens; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Humans; Microbiota; Obesity; Overweight; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34341500
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01661-w -
Molecular Oncology May 2024Oral and intestinal samples from a cohort of 93 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls (non-CRC) were collected for microbiome analysis. Saliva (28...
Oral and intestinal samples from a cohort of 93 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls (non-CRC) were collected for microbiome analysis. Saliva (28 non-CRC and 94 CRC), feces (30 non-CRC and 97 CRC), subgingival fluid (20 CRC), and tumor tissue samples (20 CRC) were used for 16S metabarcoding and/or RNA sequencing (RNAseq) approaches. A differential analysis of the abundance, performed with the ANCOM-BC package, adjusting the P-values by the Holm-Bonferroni method, revealed that Parvimonas was significantly over-represented in feces from CRC patients (P-value < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. A total of 11 Parvimonas micra isolates were obtained from the oral cavity and adenocarcinoma of CRC patients. Genome analysis identified a pair of isolates from the same patient that shared 99.2% identity, demonstrating that P. micra can translocate from the subgingival cavity to the gut. The data suggest that P. micra could migrate in a synergistic consortium with other periodontal bacteria. Metatranscriptomics confirmed that oral bacteria were more active in tumor than in non-neoplastic tissues. We suggest that P. micra could be considered as a CRC biomarker detected in non-invasive samples such as feces.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Male; Female; Adenocarcinoma; Middle Aged; Aged; Mouth; Feces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gingiva; Saliva; Peptostreptococcus; Firmicutes
PubMed: 37558206
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13506 -
Postepy Dermatologii I Alergologii Feb 2022Quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiome of the skin affect the emergence and course of allergic diseases, in particular, of acute urticaria.
INTRODUCTION
Quantitative and qualitative changes in the microbiome of the skin affect the emergence and course of allergic diseases, in particular, of acute urticaria.
AIM
To investigate the taxonomic composition of the skin microbiota in children with acute urticaria and to study its effect on the course of the disease.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In total, 75 children with diagnosed acute urticaria at the age of 7--14 years were examined. The average age of children was 10.83 ±0.95, of which 44 (58.7%) were boys, and 31 (41.3%) were girls. The control group consisted of 30 virtually healthy children of the appropriate age, of whom 16 (53.3%) were boys, and 13 (46.7%) were girls.
RESULTS
Regardless of the severity of the disease, the examined children suffering from acute urticaria had sensitization in history with a significant prevalence of food sensitization ( < 0.05). The occurrence of a severe episode of acute urticaria is associated with allergens of drug origin in 52.6% of cases and the action of unidentified triggers in 47.4% of cases. In children with acute urticaria, , bacteria of the genus , and dominated on a non-affected skin area, while for the affected skin area, the , bacteria of the genus , and were denoted as dominating.
CONCLUSIONS
High frequency of detection on affected and non- affected skin areas in children with acute urticaria is a predictor of the disease severity.
PubMed: 35369637
DOI: 10.5114/ada.2022.113808 -
Hawai'i Journal of Medicine & Public... Sep 2015Toothpicks are commonly used household items that rarely cause serious injury or infection. Toothpick-related injuries often occur due to ingestion with subsequent...
Toothpicks are commonly used household items that rarely cause serious injury or infection. Toothpick-related injuries often occur due to ingestion with subsequent trauma/infection at distal sites within the gastrointestinal tract; however, cardiovascular, pleural, and soft tissue infections have been reported. Eikenella corrodens is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus found in oral flora associated with bite wound infections. A few case reports describe E. corrodens osteomyelitis from toothpick puncture wounds. We report a case of foot cellulitis and abscess in an elderly diabetic after toothpick puncture injury that was unresponsive to empiric antibiotics. Wound cultures grew E. corrodens and rare Peptostreptococcus species. E. corrodens is resistant to first-generation cephalosporins, macrolides, aminoglycosides, clindamycin, and metronidazole. This case highlights the insidious nature of E. corrodens infections and the need to tailor empiric antibiotics for skin and soft tissue infections based on the mechanism of injury. In addition, this case stresses the importance of protective footwear in diabetics and serves as a cautionary tale regarding the use of seemingly innocuous toothpicks.
Topics: Abscess; Aged; Cellulitis; Eikenella corrodens; Female; Foot Diseases; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Mouth; Wounds, Penetrating
PubMed: 26793413
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Microgravity influences are prevalent during orbital flight and can adversely affect astronaut physiology. Notably, it may affect the physicochemical properties of...
Microgravity influences are prevalent during orbital flight and can adversely affect astronaut physiology. Notably, it may affect the physicochemical properties of saliva and the salivary microbial community. Therefore, this study simulates microgravity in space using a ground-based -6° head-down bed rest (HDBR) test to observe the effects of microgravity on oral salivary secretion function and the salivary microbiome. Sixteen healthy young male volunteers were recruited for the 15-day -6° HDBR test. Non-stimulated whole saliva was collected on day 1 (pre-HDBR), on days 5, 10, and 15 of HDBR, and day 6 of recovery. Salivary pH and salivary flow rate were measured, and the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was sequenced and analyzed in 80 saliva samples. The results showed that there were no significant differences in salivary pH, salivary flow rate, and alpha diversity between any two time points. However, beta diversity analysis revealed significant differences between pre-HDBR and the other four time points. After HDBR, the relative abundances of , , , , , and increased significantly, whereas the relative abundances of and decreased significantly. However, the relative abundances of and did not recover to the pre-HDBR level on day 6 of recovery. Network analysis revealed that the number of relationships between genera decreased, and the positive and negative correlations between genera changed in a complex manner after HDBR and did not reach their original levels on day 6 of recovery. PICRUSt analysis demonstrated that some gene functions of the salivary microbiome also changed after HDBR and remained significantly different from those before HDBR on day 6 of recovery. Collectively, 15 days of -6° HDBR had minimal effect on salivary secretion function but resulted in significant changes in the salivary microbiome, mainly manifested as an increase in oral disease-related bacteria and a decrease in oral health-related commensal bacteria. Further research is required to confirm these oral microbial changes and explore the underlying pathological mechanisms to determine the long-term effects on astronauts embarking on long-duration voyages to outer space.
PubMed: 36439790
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1056637 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a serious emerging global health problem, and little is known about the role of oropharynx commensal microbes in infection...
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) remains a serious emerging global health problem, and little is known about the role of oropharynx commensal microbes in infection susceptibility and severity. Here, we present the oropharyngeal microbiota characteristics identified by full-length 16S rRNA gene sequencing through the NANOPORE platform of oropharynx swab specimens from 10 mild COVID-19 patients and 10 healthy controls. Our results revealed a distinct oropharyngeal microbiota composition in mild COVID-19 patients, characterized by enrichment of opportunistic pathogens such as and and depletion of , , and . Based on the relative abundance of the oropharyngeal microbiota at the species level, we built a microbial classifier to distinguish COVID-19 patients from healthy controls, in which , , and were identified as the most prominent signatures for their depletion in the COVID-19 group. Several members of the genus , especially and , which were highly enriched in COVID-19 patients with higher severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load and showed a significant correlation with disease status and several routine clinical blood indicators, indicate that several bacteria may transform into opportunistic pathogen in COVID-19 patients when facing the challenges of viral infection. We also found the diver taxa and in the network of disease patients, suggesting that these oropharynx microbiota alterations may impact COVID-19 severity by influencing the microbial association patterns. In conclusion, the low sample size of SARS-CoV-2 infection patients (n = 10) here makes these results tentative; however, we have provided the overall characterization that oropharyngeal microbiota alterations and microbial correlation patterns were associated with COVID-19 severity in Anhui Province.
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Microbiota; Oropharynx; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 35372134
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.824578 -
Nature Medicine May 2024Despite substantial progress in cancer microbiome research, recognized confounders and advances in absolute microbiome quantification remain underused; this raises...
Despite substantial progress in cancer microbiome research, recognized confounders and advances in absolute microbiome quantification remain underused; this raises concerns regarding potential spurious associations. Here we study the fecal microbiota of 589 patients at different colorectal cancer (CRC) stages and compare observations with up to 15 published studies (4,439 patients and controls total). Using quantitative microbiome profiling based on 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing, combined with rigorous confounder control, we identified transit time, fecal calprotectin (intestinal inflammation) and body mass index as primary microbial covariates, superseding variance explained by CRC diagnostic groups. Well-established microbiome CRC targets, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, did not significantly associate with CRC diagnostic groups (healthy, adenoma and carcinoma) when controlling for these covariates. In contrast, the associations of Anaerococcus vaginalis, Dialister pneumosintes, Parvimonas micra, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius, Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Prevotella intermedia remained robust, highlighting their future target potential. Finally, control individuals (age 22-80 years, mean 57.7 years, standard deviation 11.3) meeting criteria for colonoscopy (for example, through a positive fecal immunochemical test) but without colonic lesions are enriched for the dysbiotic Bacteroides2 enterotype, emphasizing uncertainties in defining healthy controls in cancer microbiome research. Together, these results indicate the importance of quantitative microbiome profiling and covariate control for biomarker identification in CRC microbiome studies.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Feces; Female; Aged; Male; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Adult; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Aged, 80 and over; Young Adult; Microbiota; Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex
PubMed: 38689063
DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-02963-2 -
International Endodontic Journal Feb 2023To evaluate the root canal microbiome composition in cases of primary and secondary apical periodontitis.
AIM
To evaluate the root canal microbiome composition in cases of primary and secondary apical periodontitis.
METHODOLOGY
Thirty-nine samples from patients with primary root canal infections obtained before root canal treatment, and 40 samples obtained during root-end resection procedures from previously filled cases with apical periodontitis were evaluated using 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing analysis (NGS). Demographic and clinical factors included age, sex, infection type, percussion sensitivity, and presence of pain. Differences in abundances of genera were evaluated using Kruskal-Wallis test. Alpha and beta diversity indices were calculated using mothur. The Shannon and Chao1 indices were used to measure alpha diversity. The Bray-Curtis dissimilarity was used to measure beta diversity. Differences in community composition were evaluated using analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) with Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons.
RESULTS
Significantly fewer operational taxonomic units values were observed from samples from secondary infections (p < .0001). While no significant differences were observed in the Chao 1 index between primary and secondary infections, the Shannon alpha diversity was significantly lower in secondary relative to primary infections (p = .008). Among samples, sex, age (adult vs. older adult), percussion sensitivity, and presence of pain all showed no significant effects on community composition via an analysis of similarity (ANOSIM). However, community composition was significantly different depending on whether the sample was from a primary or secondary infection (R = .051, p = .03). Nine microbial genera comprised the predominant taxa observed among samples (>3.3%) and included Parvimonas, Fusobacterium, Campylobacter, Arachnia, Eubacterium, Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Fretibacterirum, and Pseudoramibacter. Significantly greater relative abundances of Prevotella, Peptostreptococcus, Veillonella, Lactucaseibacillus, and Dialister were observed in primary infections.
CONCLUSIONS
Primary endodontic infections are more diverse than secondary infections. The microbial composition is not associated with the clinical manifestations of apical periodontitis.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Bacteria; Coinfection; Dental Pulp Cavity; Pain; Periapical Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 36334085
DOI: 10.1111/iej.13864 -
World Journal of Gastrointestinal... Jun 2021Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, have a lifetime risk of developing cancer of nearly... (Review)
Review
Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), an autosomal dominant hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, have a lifetime risk of developing cancer of nearly 100%. Recent studies have pointed out that the gut microbiota could play a crucial role in the development of colorectal adenomas and the consequent progression to colorectal cancer. Some gut bacteria, such as , , , and enterotoxigenic could be implicated in colorectal carcinogenesis through different mechanisms, including the maintenance of a chronic inflammatory state, production of bioactive tumorigenic metabolites, and DNA damage. Studies using the adenomatous polyposis coli mouse model, which resembles FAP in most respects, have shown that specific changes in the intestinal microbial community could influence a multistep progression, the intestinal "adenoma-carcinoma sequence", which involves mucosal barrier injury, low-grade inflammation, activation of the Wnt pathway. Therefore, modulation of gut microbiota might represent a novel therapeutic target for patients with FAP. Administration of probiotics, prebiotics, antibiotics, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs could potentially prevent the progression of the adenoma-carcinoma sequence in FAP. The aim of this review was to summarize the best available knowledge on the role of gut microbiota in colorectal carcinogenesis in patients with FAP.
PubMed: 34163569
DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v13.i6.495