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The New Microbiologica Jan 2018The importance of oral microflora composition in HIV-infected patients is well recognized. However, no studies so far have dealt with age-related changes in periodontal...
The importance of oral microflora composition in HIV-infected patients is well recognized. However, no studies so far have dealt with age-related changes in periodontal pathogens occurrence in HIV+ individuals. The aim of the present study was to assess and compare temporal changes of bacteria frequency in younger (≤35 years) and older (≥50 years) HIV-infected and non-infected individuals. Bacterial DNA was isolated from buccal swabs of 30 younger and 30 older subjects in both HIV+ and HIV- groups. By means of PCR the following microorganisms were detected: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Peptostreptococcus micros, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia and Treponema denticola. Oral and periodontal examinations were performed in all subjects. The prevalence of microorganisms was significantly higher in HIV+ patients compared to controls, and their distribution showed a notable shift. The decreasing incidence in HIV- subjects was: Pi>Pm>Pg>Aa>Ec>Tf>Td whilst in HIV+ it was: Pi>Pm>Ec>Pg>Tf>Aa>Td. Oral manifestations of HIV infection were more frequent in older compared to younger patients. All measured values of clinical periodontal parameters were significantly higher in older compared to younger HIV+ patients. Ageing in HIV+ subjects is accompanied with a substantial increase and rearrangements of periodontal microflora, potentially aggravating oral and systemic health.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Anti-HIV Agents; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Periodontal Diseases
PubMed: 29505065
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) is still the most common and severe side effect of radiotherapy. The role of the skin's microbial barrier in the pathogenesis and...
BACKGROUND
Radiation-induced skin injury (RISI) is still the most common and severe side effect of radiotherapy. The role of the skin's microbial barrier in the pathogenesis and progression of RISI needs to be fully investigated.
METHODS
This study aimed to explore the alterations in and functions of the skin microbiota in RISI. We applied the unculturable approach to characterize the cutaneous microbiomes of a radiation-induced animal model by sequencing the V1-V3 regions of the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene. Combined with the downloaded clinical data of patients, a comprehensive analysis was performed to identify potential radioprotective species and metabolic pathways.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity indices (Sobs, Shannon, Simpson, Ace, and Chao) between the acute radiation injury and control groups. Phylum-level analysis of the RISI microbiomes exhibited significant predominance of Firmicutes (mean abundance = 67%, corrected = 0.0035). The high abundance of Firmicutes was significantly associated with rapid healing of RISI (average relative abundance = 52%; Kruskal-Wallis: = 5.7E-4). Among its members, , , , , , and [linear discriminant analysis (LDA) > 3, < 0.05] were identified as the core genera of Firmicutes. In addition, Lachnosiraceae and occupied an important position in the interaction network ( > 0.6, < 0.05). The differential metabolic pathways of RISI were mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism (butanoate and propanoate metabolism), amino acid metabolism (tryptophan and histidine metabolism), energy metabolism, and lipid metabolism (fatty acid degradation and biosynthesis).
CONCLUSION
This study provides new insights into the potential mechanism and skin microbial changes in the progression of RISI. The overwhelming predominance of members of Firmicutes, including Streptococcaceae, Staphylococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, and , is potentially related to rapid healing of RISI. The microbiota-metabolite axis plays a critical role in RISI and provides promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of adverse side effects.
Topics: Animals; Radiation Injuries; Skin; Radiation, Ionizing; Microbiota; Wound Healing; Firmicutes; Lactobacillus
PubMed: 36452293
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1029592 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2020In order to improve our understanding on the microbial complexity associated with Grade C/molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (GC/MIP), we surveyed the oral and fecal...
In order to improve our understanding on the microbial complexity associated with Grade C/molar-incisor pattern periodontitis (GC/MIP), we surveyed the oral and fecal microbiomes of GC/MIP and compared to non-affected individuals (Control). Seven Afro-descendants with GC/MIP and seven age/race/gender-matched controls were evaluated. Biofilms from supra/subgingival sites (OB) and feces were collected and submitted to sequencing. () JP2 clone genotyping and salivary nitrite levels were determined. Supragingival biofilm of GC/MIP presented greater abundance of opportunistic bacteria. was increased in subgingival healthy sites of GC/MIP compared to Control. and were more abundant whereas was reduced in OB of GC/MIP compared to controls. abundance was 50 times higher in periodontal sites with PD≥ 4 mm of GC/MIP than in controls. GC/MIP oral microbiome was characterized by a reduction in commensals such as , and and enrichment in periodontopathogens, especially and sulfate reducing . The oral microbiome of the JP2-like+ patient was phylogenetically distant from other GC/MIP individuals. GC/MIP presented a higher abundance of sulfidogenic bacteria in the feces, such as , and than controls. These preliminary data show that the dysbiosis of the microbiome in Afro-descendants with GC/MIP was not restricted to affected sites, but was also observed in supragingival and subgingival healthy sites, as well as in the feces. The understanding on differences of the microbiome between healthy and GC/MIP patients will help in developing strategies to improve and monitor periodontal treatment.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Desulfovibrio; Erysipelothrix; Feces; Humans; Incisor; Microbiota; Molar; Peptostreptococcus; Periodontitis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 33117737
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.583761 -
Journal of Dental Research Jan 2016The oral microbiota was compared between Romanian adolescents with a high prevalence of caries and no dental care and Swedish caries-active and caries-free adolescents... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The oral microbiota was compared between Romanian adolescents with a high prevalence of caries and no dental care and Swedish caries-active and caries-free adolescents in caries prevention programs and with a low prevalence of caries. Biofilm samples were analyzed by FLX+ pyrosequencing of the V1 to V4 hypervariable regions of the 16S rRNA gene and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/quantitative PCR (qPCR) for Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus. Sequences obtained blasted to 9 phyla, 66 genera, and 401 human oral taxa (HOT) in the 16S rRNA Human Oral Microbiome Database, of which 295 were represented by ≥20 sequences. The Romanian adolescents had more sequences in Firmicutes and fewer in Actinobacteria phyla and more sequences in the genera Bacteroidetes [G-3], Porphyromonas, Abiotrophia, Filifactor, Peptostreptococcaceae [11][G-4], Pseudoramibacter, Streptococcus, and Neisseria and fewer in Actinomyces, Selenomonas, Veillonella, Campylobacter, and TM7 [G-1] than the Swedish groups. Multivariate modeling employing HOT, S. sobrinus and S. mutans (PCR/qPCR), and sugar snacks separated Romanian from Swedish adolescents. The Romanian adolescents' microbiota was characterized by a panel of streptococci, including S. mutans, S. sobrinus, and Streptococcus australis, and Alloprevotella, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. The Swedish adolescents were characterized by sweet snacks, and those with caries activity were also characterized by Prevotella, Actinomyces, and Capnocytophaga species and those free of caries by Actinomyces, Prevotella, Selenomonas, Streptococcus, and Mycoplasma. Eight species including Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus species HOT070 were prevalent in Romanian and Swedish caries-active subjects but not caries-free subjects. In conclusion, S. mutans and S. sobrinus correlated with Romanian adolescents with caries and with limited access to dental care, whereas S. mutans and S. sobrinus were detected infrequently in Swedish adolescents in dental care programs. Swedish caries-active adolescents were typically colonized by Actinomyces, Selenomonas, Prevotella, and Capnocytophaga. Hence, the role of mutans streptococci as a primary caries pathogen appears less pronounced in populations with prevention programs compared to populations lacking caries treatment and prevention strategies.
Topics: Abiotrophia; Actinobacteria; Actinomyces; Adolescent; Bacteroidetes; Biofilms; Campylobacter; Capnocytophaga; DMF Index; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Eubacterium; Fusobacteria; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Humans; Microbiota; Neisseria; Peptostreptococcus; Porphyromonas; Prevotella; Selenomonas; Snacks; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus sobrinus; Veillonella
PubMed: 26442950
DOI: 10.1177/0022034515609554 -
ACS Infectious Diseases Sep 2023Changes in the oral microbiome are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral microbe-derived signatures have been utilized as markers of OSCC. However,...
Changes in the oral microbiome are associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral microbe-derived signatures have been utilized as markers of OSCC. However, the structure of the oral microbiome during OSCC recurrence and biomarkers for the prediction of OSCC recurrence remains unknown. To identify OSCC recurrence-associated microbial biomarkers for the prediction of OSCC recurrence, we performed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing on 54 oral swab samples from OSCC patients. Differences in bacterial compositions were observed in patients with vs without recurrence. We found that , , , , , , , , and were enriched in OSCC recurrence. Functional analysis of the oral microbiome showed altered functions associated with OSCC recurrence compared with nonrecurrence. A random forest prediction model was constructed with five microbial signatures including , , , , and to discriminate OSCC recurrence from original OSCC (accuracy = 0.963). Moreover, we validated the prediction model in another independent cohort (46 OSCC patients), achieving an accuracy of 0.761. We compared the accuracy of the prediction of OSCC recurrence between the five microbial signatures and two clinicopathological parameters, including resection margin and lymph node counts. The results predicted by the model with five microbial signatures showed a higher accuracy than those based on the clinical outcomes from the two clinicopathological parameters. This study demonstrated the validity of using recurrence-related microbial biomarkers, a noninvasive and effective method for the prediction of OSCC recurrence. Our findings may contribute to the prognosis and treatment of OSCC recurrence.
Topics: Humans; Mouth Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Biomarkers; Head and Neck Neoplasms
PubMed: 37565768
DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.3c00269 -
British Journal of Cancer May 2022Substantial evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbial community is associated with colorectal neoplasia. This review aims to systematically summarise the...
BACKGROUND
Substantial evidence indicates that dysbiosis of the gut microbial community is associated with colorectal neoplasia. This review aims to systematically summarise the microbial markers associated with colorectal neoplasia and to assess their predictive performance.
METHODS
A comprehensive literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases was performed to identify eligible studies. Observational studies exploring the associations between microbial biomarkers and colorectal neoplasia were included. We also included prediction studies that constructed models using microbial markers to predict CRC and adenomas. Risk of bias for included observational and prediction studies was assessed.
RESULTS
Forty-five studies were included to assess the associations between microbial markers and colorectal neoplasia. Nine faecal microbiotas (i.e., Fusobacterium, Enterococcus, Porphyromonas, Salmonella, Pseudomonas, Peptostreptococcus, Actinomyces, Bifidobacterium and Roseburia), two oral pathogens (i.e., Treponema denticola and Prevotella intermedia) and serum antibody levels response to Streptococcus gallolyticus subspecies gallolyticus were found to be consistently associated with colorectal neoplasia. Thirty studies reported prediction models using microbial markers, and 83.3% of these models had acceptable-to-good discrimination (AUROC > 0.75). The results of predictive performance were promising, but most of the studies were limited to small number of cases (range: 9-485 cases) and lack of independent external validation (76.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
This review provides insight into the evidence supporting the association between different types of microbial species and their predictive value for colorectal neoplasia. Prediction models developed from case-control studies require further external validation in high-quality prospective studies. Further studies should assess the feasibility and impact of incorporating microbial biomarkers in CRC screening programme.
Topics: Adenoma; Biomarkers; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Humans; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 35292756
DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-01740-7 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Microorganisms play a key role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Research studies have focused on seeking specific microorganisms for diagnosing...
OBJECTIVE
Microorganisms play a key role in the initiation and progression of periodontal disease. Research studies have focused on seeking specific microorganisms for diagnosing and monitoring the outcome of periodontitis treatment. Large samples may help to discover novel potential biomarkers and capture the common characteristics among different periodontitis patients. This study examines how to screen and merge high-quality periodontitis-related sequence datasets from several similar projects to analyze and mine the potential information comprehensively.
METHODS
In all, 943 subgingival samples from nine publications were included based on predetermined screening criteria. A uniform pipeline (QIIME2) was applied to clean the raw sequence datasets and merge them together. Microbial structure, biomarkers, and correlation network were explored between periodontitis and healthy individuals. The microbiota patterns at different periodontal pocket depths were described. Additionally, potential microbial functions and metabolic pathways were predicted using PICRUSt to assess the differences between health and periodontitis.
RESULTS
The subgingival microbial communities and functions in subjects with periodontitis were significantly different from those in healthy subjects. , , , , , , and were periodontitis biomarkers, while , , , , , , and were signature of healthy periodontium. With the variation of pocket depth from shallow to deep pocket, the proportion of Spirochaetes, Bacteroidetes, TM7, and Fusobacteria increased, whereas that of Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased. Synergistic relationships were observed among different pathobionts and negative relationships were noted between periodontal pathobionts and healthy microbiota.
CONCLUSION
This study shows significant differences in the oral microbial community and potential metabolic pathways between the periodontitis and healthy groups. Our integrated analysis provides potential biomarkers and directions for in-depth research. Moreover, a new method for integrating similar sequence data is shown here that can be applied to other microbial-related areas.
Topics: Bacteria; Humans; Microbiota; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontitis; Periodontium
PubMed: 34222038
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.663756 -
JDR Clinical and Translational Research Apr 2023Markers of poor oral health are associated with impaired cognition and higher risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and thus may help predict AD.
INTRODUCTION
Markers of poor oral health are associated with impaired cognition and higher risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) and thus may help predict AD.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional association between empirically derived groups of 19 IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms and cognition in middle-aged and older adults.
METHODS
The study population consisted of participants of the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988 to 1994), who were 60 y and older, among whom cognition and IgG antibodies against 19 periodontal microorganisms were measured ( = 5,162).
RESULTS
In multivariable quantile regression analyses, the Orange-Red (Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella intermedia, Prevotella nigrescens, Porphyromonas gingivalis) and Yellow-Orange (Staphylococcus intermedius, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros, Capnocytophaga ochracea) cluster scores were negatively associated with cognition. A 1-unit higher cluster score for the Orange-Red cluster was associated on average with a lower cognitive score (β for 30th quantile = -0.2640; 95% confidence interval [CI], -0.3431 to -0.1848). Similarly, a 1-unit higher score for the Yellow-Orange cluster was associated with a lower cognitive score (β for 30th quantile = -0.2445; 95% CI, -0.3517 to -0.1372).
CONCLUSION
Groups of IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms were associated with lower cognition among free living adults 60 years and older, who were previously undiagnosed with cognitive impairment. Though poor oral health precedes the development of dementia and AD, oral health information is currently not used, to our knowledge, to predict dementia or AD risk. Combining our findings with current algorithms may improve risk prediction for dementia and AD.
KNOWLEDGE TRANSLATION STATEMENT
IgG antibodies against periodontal microorganisms were associated with lower cognition among adults 60 years and older previously undiagnosed with cognitive impairment. Periodontal disease may predict cognition among older adults.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dementia; Cognition; Immunoglobulin G; Periodontitis; Periodontium; Oral Health; Humans; Male; Female; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over
PubMed: 35139675
DOI: 10.1177/23800844211072784 -
Journal of Translational Medicine Nov 2021In recent years, the incidence rate of Thyroid carcinoma (TC) has been increasing worldwide. Thus, research on factors of TC carcinogenesis may promote TC prevention and...
BACKGROUND
In recent years, the incidence rate of Thyroid carcinoma (TC) has been increasing worldwide. Thus, research on factors of TC carcinogenesis may promote TC prevention and decrease the incidence rate. There are several studies targeting the correlation between gut microbiota and thyroid disease. Carcinogenesis of several malignancies is influenced by microbiota. However, thyroid microbiome of TC has not been revealed. This study investigated thyroid microbiota in different TC microhabitats.
METHODS
We performed 16s rRNA gene sequencing using tumor tissues and matched peritumor tissues from 30 patients with TC to characterize thyroid microbiota.
RESULTS
The richness and diversity of thyroid microbiota were lower in TC tumor samples than in matched peritumor tissues. At the genus level, the core microbiota of thyroid included Sphingomonas, Comamonas, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Microvirgula, and Soonwooa. The abundance of Sphingomonas and Aeromonas was significantly increased in tumor tissues, while the abundance of Comamonas, Acinetobacter, and Peptostreptococcus was significantly enhanced in peritumor tissues. The combination of Comamonas and Sphingomonas could discriminate tumor samples from peritumor samples with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.981 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.949-1.000). The abundance of Sphingomonas was significantly higher in N1 stage than in N0 stage. Sphingomonas could distinguish between N0 and N1 stage with an AUC of 0.964 (95% CI 0.907-1.000).
CONCLUSIONS
The microbial diversity and composition were significantly different between peritumor and tumor microhabitats from patients with TC, which may eventually affect TC carcinogenesis and progression. The combination of Comamonas and Sphingomonas could serve as a powerful biomarker for discrimination between tumor and peritumor tissues. Furthermore, the higher abundance of Sphingomonas was correlated with lymph node metastasis, indicating that the abundance of Sphingomonas may indicate a poor prognosis for TC patients, and Sphingomonas may play a role in promoting TC progression.
Topics: Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 34847917
DOI: 10.1186/s12967-021-03167-9 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, of which more than 90% is squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of oral cancer is...
Oral cancer is the most common malignant tumor in the oral and maxillofacial region, of which more than 90% is squamous cell carcinoma. The incidence of oral cancer is on the rise worldwide. An imbalance between the microorganism composition and its host may lead to the occurrence of oral malignant tumors. Accumulating evidence suggests that the oral microbiota plays an important role in oral cancer; however, the association between oral microbiota and oral cancer has not yet been comprehensively studied. In this study, metagenomic sequencing was used to compare the microbial composition of three groups of samples from Chinese patients with oral cancer, patients with precancerous lesion, and normal individuals. In terms of microbiota richness, the oral microbiota of patients with precancerous lesions was richer than that of oral cancer patients and healthy controls, whereas in terms of microbiota diversity, there was little difference between the three groups. The three groups of samples exhibited statistically significant differences in microbiota composition and metabolic function at the family, genus, and species levels ( < 0.05). The differentially enriched phylum in oral cancer samples was Bacteroidetes ( < 0.05). At the genus level, the main differentially enriched taxa were , and ( < 0.05). The species level was differentially enriched in and (p < 0.05). The prediction of microbiota function shows that oral cancer is mainly associated with coenzyme A biosynthesis, phosphopantothenic acid biosynthesis, inosine 5'-phosphate degradation, and riboflavin biosynthesis. Furthermore, the increase in C-reactive protein level in oral cancer patients was found to be closely related to . Overall, oral bacterial profiles showed significant differences between the oral cancer group and normal group. Hence, microbes can be employed as diagnostic markers and treatment targets for oral cancer.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; China; Humans; Microbiota; Mouth Neoplasms; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 34956932
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.780067