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Microorganisms Oct 2023The effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness...
The effectiveness of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in ulcerative colitis (UC) remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of serial fecal infusions via colonoscopy in patients with active UC. Subjects with mild-to-moderate UC received three consecutive fecal infusions via colonoscopy. A control population with the same baseline features receiving Infliximab treatment was enrolled. Adverse events and clinical, endoscopic, and microbial outcomes were investigated. Nineteen patients with mildly-to-moderately active UC were enrolled. Clinical response was obtained in six patients at week 2, in eight at week 6, and in nine at week 12. Clinical response was maintained in eight patients at week 24. Endoscopic remission at week 12 was reached in six patients. In the control population, 13/19 patients achieved clinical response at week 6, and 10/19 patients maintained clinical response after 6 months. Microbiota richness was higher in responders compared with the non-responders. , , and were higher in non-responders, while , , , and were higher in responders at all timepoints. Serial FMT infusions appear to be feasible, safe, and effective in UC patients, with a potential role in inducing and maintaining clinical response. Specific bacteria predict the response to FMT.
PubMed: 37894194
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102536 -
Frontiers in Oral Health 2022Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that affects many people. Even though microorganisms play a crucial role in causing dental caries, diagnosis is routinely...
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is a multifactorial disease that affects many people. Even though microorganisms play a crucial role in causing dental caries, diagnosis is routinely macroscopic. In order to improve early detection especially in HIV patients who are disproportionately affected, there is need to reconcile the macroscopic and microscopic characteristics of dental caries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to characterize the oral microbiota profile along the decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index using amplicon sequencing data.
METHODS
Amplicon sequencing of the V6-V8 region of the gene was done on DNA recovered from whole unstimulated saliva of 59 HIV positive and 29 HIV negative individuals. The microbial structure, composition and co-occurrence networks were characterized using QIIME-2, Phyloseq, Microbiome-1.9.2 and Metacoder in R.
RESULTS
We characterized the oral microbiota into 2,093 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 21 phyla and 239 genera from 2.6 million high quality sequence reads. While oral microbiota did not cluster participants into distinct groups that track with the DMFT index, we observed the following: (a) The proportion of accessory microbiota was highest in the high DMFT category while the core size (∼50% of richness) remained relatively stable across all categories. (b) The abundance of core genera such as , and was high at onset of dental caries, (c) A general difference in oral microbial biomass. (d) The onset of dental caries (low DMFT) was associated with significantly lower oral microbial entropy.
CONCLUSIONS
Although oral microbial shifts along the DMFT index were not distinct, we demonstrated the potential utility of microbiota dynamics to characterize oral disease. Therefore, we propose a microbial framework using the DMFT index to better understand dental caries among HIV positive people in resource limited settings.
PubMed: 36211252
DOI: 10.3389/froh.2022.1004930 -
BioMed Research International 2022Most of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases are sporadic and develop along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is involved in the development of...
BACKGROUND
Most of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases are sporadic and develop along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence. Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is involved in the development of colorectal cancer. However, there are still no absolute markers predicting the progression from adenoma to carcinoma.
AIMS
To investigate the characteristics of intestinal microbiota in colorectal adenoma and carcinoma patients and the correlations with clinical characteristics.
METHODS
Fecal samples were collected from 154 colorectal carcinoma patients (CRC group), 20 colorectal adenoma patients (AD group), and 199 healthy controls (control group). The intestinal microbiota was investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.
RESULTS
Compared to the healthy controls, microbial diversity was dramatically decreased in AD/CRC. At the genus level, significantly decreased with the order of control-AD-CRC ( < 0.05). , , , , , and were the key genera in the network of colorectal adenoma/carcinoma-associated bacteria. Combination of the top 10 most important species, including , , , bacterium feline oral taxon 001, , , bacterium LD2013, , bacterium 19gly4, and , showed the best performance in distinguishing AD patients from CRC (AUC = 85.54%, 95% CI: 78.83%-92.25%). The clinicopathologic features, including age, sex, tumor location, differentiation degree, and TNM stage, were identified to be closely linked to the intestinal microbiome in CRC.
CONCLUSION
Several intestinal bacteria changed along the adenoma-carcinoma sequence and might be the potential markers for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal adenoma/carcinoma. Intestinal microbiota characteristics in CRC should account for the host factors.
Topics: Adenoma; Animals; Bacteria; Carcinoma; Cats; Colorectal Neoplasms; Dysbiosis; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 35937408
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3140070 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Apr 2018To analyze the bacterial community structure and distribution of intestinal microflora in people with and without metabolic syndrome and combined these data with...
AIM
To analyze the bacterial community structure and distribution of intestinal microflora in people with and without metabolic syndrome and combined these data with clinical indicators to determine relationships between selected bacteria and metabolic diseases.
METHODS
Faecal samples were collected from 20 patients with metabolic syndrome and 16 controls at Cangnan People's Hospital, Zhejiang Province, China. DNA was extracted and the V3-V4 regions of the 16S rRNA genes were amplified for high throughput sequencing. Clear reads were clustered at the 97% sequence similarity level. α and β diversity were used to describe the bacterial community structure and distribution in patients. Combined with the clinical indicators, further analysis was performed.
RESULTS
, , , , were the dominant phyla, and , and was the top three genera in faecal samples. α diversity analysis showed that the species richness of metabolic syndrome samples (group D) was significantly higher than the control (group C) ( < 0.05), and the microbial diversity of group C was greater than that of group D. According to the principal co-ordinates analysis, the samples of group C clustered more tightly, indicating that the distribution of bacteria in healthy patients was similar. The correlation analysis showed that alkaline phosphatase was negatively correlated with the abundance of ( < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between low-density lipoprotein and the abundance of ( < 0.05) and a positive correlation between the high-density lipoprotein and the abundance of ( < 0.05). The total protein and the alanine aminotransferase was positively correlated with the abundance of ( < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The changes microbial communities can be used as an indicator of metabolic syndrome, and may be a target microorganism in patients with metabolic syndrome.
PubMed: 29670890
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i4.54 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Jan 2023Orbital cellulitis is a serious condition with potentially severe complications. Treatment requires interdisciplinary care and early introduction of antimicrobial...
PURPOSE
Orbital cellulitis is a serious condition with potentially severe complications. Treatment requires interdisciplinary care and early introduction of antimicrobial therapy. In our tertiary center, a team of pediatricians, pediatric ophthalmologists, and otorhinolaryngologists successfully participated in the management of pediatric periorbital/orbital cellulitis. This study aimed to demonstrate our interdisciplinary approach and to investigate clinical profile and management of pediatric periorbital/orbital cellulitis.
METHODS
A retrospective chart review was performed of all pediatric patients hospitalized for periorbital and orbital cellulitis in a tertiary hospital center from September 15, 2016, to March 15, 2020.
RESULTS
A total of 26 children-median age 2.7 years (range 0.5-12)-were treated during the study period. Disease presentation was unilateral, mainly during winter (n = 12) and autumn (n = 12), without ophthalmoplegia/proptosis. Seven patients had orbital cellulitis (Chandler classification of ≥III) and were older (6.5 years, P = 0.011) with sinusitis (P < 0.001), required surgery (P = 0.004), underwent longer antimicrobial treatment (13 days, P < 0.001), and had a longer length of hospital stay (13.43 days, P = 0.001). Orbital cellulitis occurred in a median of three days (range 1-12) of acute rhinosinusitis. Radiological survey was performed in 11 patients, whereas six patients were treated surgically. All intraoperatively collected cultures (sinus swabs) were positive, whereas Streptococcus pyogenes and Peptostreptococcus were isolated in five cases. All patients fully recovered. No recurrence was documented.
CONCLUSION
Sinusitis is associated with severe orbital cellulitis and surgical management. Orbital cellulitis occurred early in the course of acute rhinosinusitis, as a distinctive presentation of rhinosinusitis. Interdisciplinary care and early management are crucial in treatment of pediatric periorbital/orbital cellulitis.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Child, Preschool; Orbital Cellulitis; Retrospective Studies; Sinusitis; Acute Disease; Exophthalmos; Eye Diseases; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Orbital Diseases
PubMed: 36588244
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_798_22 -
Molecular Oncology May 2024Oral and intestinal samples from a cohort of 93 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls (non-CRC) were collected for microbiome analysis. Saliva (28...
Oral and intestinal samples from a cohort of 93 colorectal cancer (CRC) patients and 30 healthy controls (non-CRC) were collected for microbiome analysis. Saliva (28 non-CRC and 94 CRC), feces (30 non-CRC and 97 CRC), subgingival fluid (20 CRC), and tumor tissue samples (20 CRC) were used for 16S metabarcoding and/or RNA sequencing (RNAseq) approaches. A differential analysis of the abundance, performed with the ANCOM-BC package, adjusting the P-values by the Holm-Bonferroni method, revealed that Parvimonas was significantly over-represented in feces from CRC patients (P-value < 0.001) compared to healthy controls. A total of 11 Parvimonas micra isolates were obtained from the oral cavity and adenocarcinoma of CRC patients. Genome analysis identified a pair of isolates from the same patient that shared 99.2% identity, demonstrating that P. micra can translocate from the subgingival cavity to the gut. The data suggest that P. micra could migrate in a synergistic consortium with other periodontal bacteria. Metatranscriptomics confirmed that oral bacteria were more active in tumor than in non-neoplastic tissues. We suggest that P. micra could be considered as a CRC biomarker detected in non-invasive samples such as feces.
Topics: Humans; Colorectal Neoplasms; Male; Female; Adenocarcinoma; Middle Aged; Aged; Mouth; Feces; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Gingiva; Saliva; Peptostreptococcus; Firmicutes
PubMed: 37558206
DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13506 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Aug 2021Gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in early defense mechanisms to...
BACKGROUND
Gut microbial dysbiosis contributes to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in early defense mechanisms to kill infective pathogens and tumor cells by releasing chemokines and cytokines. To better understand the relationship between the gut microbiome and CRC, it was hypothesized here that a high abundance of () in the gastrointestinal tract could cause reduced NK cell activity.
AIM
To identify associations between gastrointestinal tract levels and NK cell activity.
METHODS
experiments were performed on NK cells treated with and to identify the effects of gut microbiome species on NK cells. Following 24 and 48 h of treatment, NK cell counts were measured. In parallel studies, C57BL/6 mice were given broad-spectrum antibiotics in their drinking water to reduce resident gut flora. After 3 wk, the mice received the various bacterial species or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) oral gavage every 2 d for 6 wk. At the study end, blood samples were acquired to perform NK cell activity assessment and cytokine analysis. Intestinal tissues were collected and analyzed immunohistochemistry (IHC).
RESULTS
The data show that after 3 wk of broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment, levels of total bacteria and were markedly decreased in mice. Gavage of significantly decreased NK cell activity relative to the activities of cells from mice treated with antibiotics only and PBS. The administration of decreased the proportion of NK46 cells based on IHC staining and increased the production of interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α.
CONCLUSION
High levels of in the gastrointestinal tract reduced NK cell activity in mice, and the decrease in NK cell activity might be affected by increased pro-inflammatory cytokines after treatment
Topics: Animals; Firmicutes; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Gastrointestinal Tract; Killer Cells, Natural; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Peptostreptococcus
PubMed: 34447232
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i29.4879 -
Journal of the Turkish German... Sep 2020Accumulating evidence indicates the potential correlation between the vaginal microbioma and the acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection....
Accumulating evidence indicates the potential correlation between the vaginal microbioma and the acquisition and persistence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. This study aims to demonstrate the potential relationship through a systematic review of the current literature. A search was conducted on the following medical databases: PubMed and Scopus. Nineteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were incorporated in the present review. A total of 12.204 patients and their demographic characteristics were studied. Commercially available DNA tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used for the detection of different HPV subtypes, while the identification of the microbiomes was performed through specific diagnostic methods and PCR assay. The most frequently encountered species were classified based on their protective or detrimental impact on the progression of HPV infection. The beneficial role of some types of is generally supported. On the other hand, high microbial diversity and specific microorganisms such as and were found to be implicated with higher frequency and severity of disease, potentially resulting in pre-cancerous and cancerous cervical lesions.The role of vaginal microbiota appears to play an as yet not fully understood role in the susceptibility to HPV infection and its natural history.
PubMed: 31564082
DOI: 10.4274/jtgga.galenos.2019.2019.0051 -
International Journal of Hygiene and... Mar 2023Firefighters are frequently exposed to high temperatures, environmental toxicants, and strenuous physical demands. The health impacts of these occupational exposures on...
BACKGROUND
Firefighters are frequently exposed to high temperatures, environmental toxicants, and strenuous physical demands. The health impacts of these occupational exposures on processes including inflammation and kidney function as well as on the gut microbiota are poorly understood. A firefighter training course may provide a controlled environment to assess these health risks.
METHODS
Basic health measures, stool, and blood samples were obtained from 24 firefighters participating in a one-week, heat-intensive training course. Indicators of inflammation, gut permeability, kidney health, and stool microbiota composition were measured before and after the training course in 18 participants. Urine specific gravity was measured before and after a heat-intensive training day to evaluate dehydration.
RESULTS
The majority of firefighters in this cohort were categorized as hypertensive and experienced multiple heat-related illness symptoms during the training week and dehydration after the heat-intensive training day. While plasma IL-1β, CXCL8, and NGAL decreased over the training week, other indicators of inflammation and acute kidney injury increased, and estimated kidney function declined. Microbiota composition shifted over the course of the training week, with changes in Peptostreptococcus anaerobius and Streptococcus.
CONCLUSIONS
This pilot study conducted in a controlled field setting suggests that the occupational environment of firefighters may increase their risk for systemic inflammation and kidney disease.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Firefighters; Dehydration; Pilot Projects; Inflammation; Kidney
PubMed: 36577282
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114107 -
BioMed Research International 2020The oral cavity is one of the most complex microbial environments; however, the complex nature of the salivary microbiota and the level of inorganic anions in the saliva...
Comparison of the Microbiota and Inorganic Anion Content in the Saliva of Patients with Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease and Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease-Free Individuals.
The oral cavity is one of the most complex microbial environments; however, the complex nature of the salivary microbiota and the level of inorganic anions in the saliva of subjects with and without gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are poorly understood. The primary goals of this pilot research were to assess differences in salivary bacterial community composition and inorganic anion concentrations between patients with GERD and GERD-free people. Thus, the salivary microbiota within both groups was dominated by these genera: Streptococcus, Prevotella, Porphyromonas, Veillonella, Neisseria, Haemophilus, Fusobacterium, Rothia, and Leptotrichia. However, the relative abundances of the genera Actinomyces, Atopobium, Stomatobaculum, Ruminococcaceae_[G-2], Veillonella, and Leptotrichia were significantly higher in the saliva samples of patients with GERD, while the genera Porphyromonas, Gemella, Peptostreptococcus, and Neisseria were less abundant in this group. The concentrations of chloride, phosphate, and sulphate ions in the human saliva varied among all subjects and sampling time. These results broaden our knowledge of the salivary microbial community composition and chemistry of saliva of patients with GERD and GERD-free individuals.
Topics: Adult; Anions; Bacteria; Female; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Humans; Male; Microbiota; Pilot Projects; Saliva; Young Adult
PubMed: 32509854
DOI: 10.1155/2020/2681791