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BMC Women's Health Apr 2024More than 2 billion women are experiencing the menopausal transition in China, and some of these women have hypertension. Limited studies has focused on perimenopausal...
BACKGROUND
More than 2 billion women are experiencing the menopausal transition in China, and some of these women have hypertension. Limited studies has focused on perimenopausal syndrome and hypertension in a specific population, so we aimed to investigate the prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome and hypertension and to analyse their relationships and risk factors in perimenopausal women in South China.
METHODS
This cross-sectional study included 3553 women aged 40 to 60 years from South China. We collected medical report, lifestyle, blood sample, general condition questionnaire, and modified Kupperman index (mKMI) data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for perimenopausal syndrome and hypertension during perimenopause.
RESULTS
The prevalence of hypertension in perimenopause patients was 16.58%, and the prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome was 9.9%. Compared with women without hypertension during perimenopause, women with HTN during perimenopause had an increased risk of perimenopausal syndrome (26.4% vs. 8.7%, P < 0.001). Lipid levels and urinary tract infections were risk factors for hypertension and perimenopausal syndrome, in addition to the presence of breast nodules, the intake of snacks at night, high-salt diets, red meat and sugar-sweetened beverages, and a history of smoking and drinking for perimenopausal syndrome and the presence of gestational hypertension and diabetes for hypertension.
CONCLUSION
We concluded that perimenopausal syndrome and HTN are common in perimenopausal women in South China, and the associations between them are strong and positive. Perimenopausal syndrome shares some common risk factors with HTN during perimenopause, such as BMI and dyslipidaemia. Therefore, gynaecological endocrinologists in China should consider screening for perimenopausal syndrome in hypertensive perimenopausal women, and appropriate management of perimenopause is needed to alleviate these conditions.
Topics: Female; Humans; Perimenopause; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; Hypertension; China
PubMed: 38570811
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-024-03056-5 -
Nature and Science of Sleep 2021Comorbid depression and insomnia are ubiquitous mental complaints among women going through the perimenopausal stage of life and can result in major decline in quality... (Review)
Review
Comorbid depression and insomnia are ubiquitous mental complaints among women going through the perimenopausal stage of life and can result in major decline in quality of life. Antidepressive agents combined with/without hypnotics, and/or hormone therapy are currently the most common treatment for perimenopausal depression (PMD) and insomnia (PMI). Balancing the benefits of these pharmacotherapies against the risk of adverse events (AEs) is a difficult task for both clinicians and women. There has been a growing body of research regarding the utilization of acupuncture for treatment of PMD or PMI, whereas no studies of acupuncture for comorbid PMD and PMI have appeared. In this review, we summarize the clinical and preclinical evidence of acupuncture as a treatment for PMD or PMI, and then discuss the potential mechanisms involved and the role of acupuncture in helping women during this transition. Most clinical trials indicate that acupuncture ameliorates not only PMD/PMI but also climacteric symptoms with minimal AEs. It also regulates serum hormone levels. The reliability of trials is however limited due to methodological flaws in most studies. Rodent studies suggest that acupuncture prolongs total sleep time and reduces depression-like behavior in PMI and PMD models, respectively. These effects are possibly mediated through multiple mechanisms of action, including modulating sex hormones, neurotransmitters, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis/hypothalamic-pituitary-ovary axis, oxidative stress, signaling pathways, and other cellular events. In conclusion, acupuncture is a promising therapeutic strategy for comorbid depression and insomnia during perimenopause. Neuroendocrine modulation is likely to play a major role in mediating those effects. High-quality trials are required to further validate acupuncture's effectiveness.
PubMed: 34675729
DOI: 10.2147/NSS.S332474 -
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of risk factors for frailty between perimenopausal women with long COVID-19 syndrome, women having successfully...
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of risk factors for frailty between perimenopausal women with long COVID-19 syndrome, women having successfully recovered from COVID-19, and controls from the community. Women with a diagnosis of long COVID-19 and at least one symptom related to the perimenopausal period, women who had successfully recovered from COVID-19, and healthy women of comparable age were included in this study. Symptom severity and functional disability were assessed with the COVID-19 Yorkshire Rehabilitation Scale, and the presence of frailty was evaluated considering the Fried criteria. A total of 195 women were included in the study, distributed over the three groups. The long COVID-19 group showed a higher prevalence of perimenopausal symptoms and impact of COVID-19. Statistically significant differences were found between the long COVID-19 group and the other two groups for the frailty variables. When studying the associations between frailty variables and COVID-19 symptom impact, significant positive correlations were found. Perimenopausal women with long COVID-19 syndrome present more frailty-related factors and experience a higher range of debilitating ongoing symptoms. A significant relationship is shown to exist between long COVID-19 syndrome-related disability and symptoms and frailty variables, resulting in an increased chance of presenting disability.
PubMed: 37239754
DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11101468 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2015Women are believed to be more vulnerable to depression during the perimenopause than during the premenopausal period. In clinical practice little attention has been...
BACKGROUND
Women are believed to be more vulnerable to depression during the perimenopause than during the premenopausal period. In clinical practice little attention has been given to the relationship between the menopause and depression.
AIM
To provide an overview of the literature on the relationship between the perimenopause and the development of depression and to analyse the relationship between hormonal fluctuations and depression.
METHOD
We consulted the databases of PubMed, Web of Science and the Cochrane library, searching for epidemiologic studies on perimenopausal depression. We selected 22 studies relating to the prevalence of and the risk of depression during perimenopause.
RESULTS
Most of the 22 epidemiological studies selected suggest that the chances of developing depression during the perimenopause are higher than during during the premenopausal period. We found no unambiguous correlation between the fluctuation of hormones (e.g. oestrogen) and depression. A possible reason for this finding is that it is difficult to measure these hormones accurately.
CONCLUSION
The chances of developing depression seem to be higher during the perimenopause than during the premenopause. The difficulty in measuring the fluctuations of female hormones during the perimenopausal stage may be the reason why no correlation between depression and the fluctuations of hormones has yet been unambiguously established. Future studies and meta-analysis could provide a more accurate estimate of the risk of developing depression during the perimenopause and could give detailed information about the relationship between hormonal factors and perimenopausal depression.
Topics: Adult; Depressive Disorder; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Luteinizing Hormone; Middle Aged; Perimenopause
PubMed: 26552926
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine Aug 2016Limited information was focused on perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders (depression and anxiety) in a specific population: perimenopausal women. We aimed to...
Limited information was focused on perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders (depression and anxiety) in a specific population: perimenopausal women. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and severity of perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders, and to analyze their relationships and risk factors in perimenopausal women in Shanghai, China.A cross-sectional study was performed on 1062 women aged 40 to 60 years from 3 communities. The general conditions questionnaire, Kupperman index, self-rating depression scale, and self-rating anxiety scale were used. A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to identify risk factors for perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders.The prevalence of perimenopausal syndrome, depression and anxiety, which were primarily associated with mild symptoms, was 10.92%, 25.99%, and 12.62%, respectively. The differences in the prevalence and severity of perimenopausal syndrome, in the prevalence of depression, and in the severity of anxiety in different age groups were statistically significant (P < 0.001, P = 0.028, P = 0.003, P = 0.002, respectively). The relationships between perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders were strong and positive (P < 0.001). It was found that age, employment status, personality characteristics, menstruation, and constipation were risk factors for perimenopausal syndrome, but monthly household income was a protective factor. Also, higher income and better medical insurance were beneficial to depression. However, disharmonious family relationships, irregular menstruation, constipation, and severity of perimenopausal syndrome were harmful to depression. For anxiety, attitudes to children status, cesarean section times, and constipation were risk factors.We concluded that perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders are common in perimenopausal women in Shanghai, whose associations are strong and positive. Many risk factors are associated with and shared between perimenopausal syndrome and mood disorders. Therefore, appropriate management of perimenopause is needed to alleviate the conditions.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Body Mass Index; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Perimenopause; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Syndrome
PubMed: 27512863
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004466 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Nov 2023Perimenopausal is the period when women's ovarian function begins to decline before and after menopause. During this period, women experience a series of mental state...
BACKGROUND
Perimenopausal is the period when women's ovarian function begins to decline before and after menopause. During this period, women experience a series of mental state changes, such as decreased hormone levels, decreased libido, and even female sexual dysfunction (FSD) in severe cases, which reduces their quality of life. Factors affecting the occurrence of FSD include physiological and non-physiological factors, among which physiological factors are uncontrollable. Therefore, it is particularly important to ascertain the related non-physiological factors that affect the occurrence of FSD for improving the quality of sexual life of perimenopausal women.
AIM
To investigate the mediating effect of depressive mood and body image on menopausal symptoms and sexual function in perimenopausal women.
METHODS
A total of 186 perimenopausal women were enrolled between January 2019 and January 2021 and divided into the FSD (134 cases) and control (52 cases) groups based on the presence and absence of FSD. Clinical data were compared between the two groups. FSD-related factors were analyzed using logistic regression analysis. Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), Body Image Scale (BIS), and Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) scores were compared among women with different FSD scores. The correlation of the MRS score with the BIS and HAMD scores and the mediating effect of the BIS and HAMD scores on the MRS score and female sexual function index (FSFI) were analyzed.
RESULTS
The HAMD and BIS scores were higher in the FSD group than in the control group, and the difference in monthly income between the two groups was statistically significant (all < 0.05). Monthly income of < 2000 yuan [odds ratio (OR) = 26.586, = 0.000], BIS score (OR = 1.590, = 0.000), and HAMD score (OR = 1.884, = 0.000) were independent risk factors for FSD. MRS scores were positively correlated with BIS and HAMD scores ( = 0.358 and 0.244, = 0.000 and 0.001, respectively) and negatively correlated with FSFI scores ( = -0.433, = 0.000). Body image and depressive mood had partial mediating effects, accounting for 39.90% of the total effect.
CONCLUSION
Depression and body image play mediating roles between menopausal symptoms and sexual function in perimenopausal women.
PubMed: 38073680
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v11.i32.7761 -
Medicine Dec 2023With the progress and rapid societal development, women are confronted with multifaceted pressures in their lives, encompassing familial and other domains. Furthermore,... (Review)
Review
With the progress and rapid societal development, women are confronted with multifaceted pressures in their lives, encompassing familial and other domains. Furthermore, during the perimenopausal phase, endocrine equilibrium is disrupted, leading to the emergence of psychological and physiological health challenges. Insomnia is a prevalent symptom among perimenopausal individuals. The brain-gut-bacteria axis assumes a pivotal role in the prevention, diagnosis, and management of perimenopausal insomnia. Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli decoction is a commonly prescribed remedy for addressing perimenopopausal insomnia. Consequently, this paper aims to investigate the interplay between the brain-gut-bacteria axis, intestinal microbiota, and the pathogenesis of perimenopausal insomnia. The study focuses on examining the regulatory effects of Chaihu Jia Longgu Muli decoction on the nervous system, intestinal microbiota, and the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. Additionally, it explores the mechanisms underlying Hujia Longgu Muli decoction in mitigating perimenopausal insomnia.
Topics: Humans; Female; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Perimenopause; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Brain; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Intestines
PubMed: 38134054
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036537 -
Menopause (New York, N.Y.) Aug 2023Insomnia is common in midlife women. The efficacy and safety of lemborexant (LEM), a competitive dual orexin receptor antagonist, was assessed for 12 months in a... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
Insomnia is common in midlife women. The efficacy and safety of lemborexant (LEM), a competitive dual orexin receptor antagonist, was assessed for 12 months in a subgroup of midlife women (age, 40-58 y) from Study E2006-G000-303 (Study 303; SUNRISE-2).
METHODS
This was a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PBO)-controlled (first 6 mo) study of adults with insomnia disorder ( N = 949). During treatment period 1 (TP1), participants received PBO or LEM 5 mg (LEM5) or 10 mg (LEM10). During TP2 (second 6 mo), LEM participants continued their assigned dose; PBO participants were rerandomized to LEM5 or LEM10. Assessments included patient-reported sleep- and fatigue-related measures and treatment-emergent adverse events.
RESULTS
The midlife female subgroup comprised 280 of 949 participants (TP1: PBO, n = 90 of 318 [28.3%]; LEM5, n = 82 of 316 [25.9%]; LEM10, n = 108 of 315 [34.3%]). At 6 months, median changes from baseline in subjective sleep-onset latency (in minutes) were -17.9, -20.7, and - 30.4 for PBO, LEM5, and LEM10 (vs PBO: LEM5, P = not significant; LEM10, P = 0.0310). At 6 months, mean changes from baseline in subjective wake after sleep onset (in minutes) were -37.0 (59.6), -50.1 (74.5), and -54.5 (65.4) for PBO, LEM5, and LEM10 (vs PBO: LEM5 and LEM10, P = not significant), with benefits sustained through 12 months. Greater decreases from baseline (improvement) in Insomnia Severity Index total score and Fatigue Severity Scale total score were seen with LEM versus PBO at 6 months; benefits continued through 12 months. Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild to moderate in severity.
CONCLUSIONS
Consistent with the total population, subjective sleep parameters improved, and improvement was sustained over time in midlife women. LEM was well tolerated, suggesting that LEM may be a potential treatment option for midlife women with insomnia.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Double-Blind Method; Pyridines; Pyrimidines; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Treatment Outcome; Menopause; Perimenopause
PubMed: 37339396
DOI: 10.1097/GME.0000000000002209 -
BMC Women's Health Mar 2021Menopausal transition exposes women to an early decline in muscle force and motor function. Changes in muscle quality and function, especially in lower limbs, are...
BACKGROUND
Menopausal transition exposes women to an early decline in muscle force and motor function. Changes in muscle quality and function, especially in lower limbs, are crucial, as they expose individuals to increased risk of falls. To elucidate some of the related neuromuscular mechanisms, we investigated cortical inhibition and peripheral muscle twitch force potentiation in women during the early and late stages of perimenopause.
METHODS
Participants were 63 women aged 48-55 years categorized as early (EP, n = 25) or late (LP, n = 38) perimenopausal according to serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and menstrual diaries. EP women had an irregular menstrual cycle and FSH < 25 IU/L, while LP women had an irregular cycle and > 25 IU/L. We examined motor evoked potential (MEP) and silent period (SP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), in the tibialis anterior muscle at 20%, 40%, and 60% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) levels, and twitch force potentiation in plantar flexors.
RESULTS
EP group showed a longer SP duration in 40% MVC condition and larger motor evoked potential amplitude in 20% MVC condition compared to the LP group. No group difference was detected in twitch force potentiation; however, it correlated negatively with FSH levels. Other factors, such as age, height, body mass index, or physical activity did not explain group differences.
CONCLUSIONS
Our preliminary results indicate subtle modulation in both TMS-induced inhibitory and excitatory mechanisms and twitch force potentiation in women already in the late perimenopausal stage. This suggests that the reduction of estrogens may have an accelerating role in the aging process of neuromuscular control.
Topics: Evoked Potentials, Motor; Female; Humans; Menopause; Muscle, Skeletal; Perimenopause; Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
PubMed: 33789654
DOI: 10.1186/s12905-021-01275-8 -
Journal of Mid-life Health 2018Perimenopause and menopause is an integral part of every woman's life constituting about 30% of the Indian female population. Hypothyroidism is a condition that can...
INTRODUCTION
Perimenopause and menopause is an integral part of every woman's life constituting about 30% of the Indian female population. Hypothyroidism is a condition that can mimic menopausal symptoms very often. Therefore, routine screening of thyroid function in the climacteric and menopausal period to determine subclinical thyroid disease can be recommended.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
With this background, we conducted a prospective study in our institute, North Eastern Indira Gandhi Regional Institute of Health and Medical Sciences, to evaluate the abnormal thyroid function tests in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women aged 40-80 years.
RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
Subclinical hypothyroidism status increases from the age group of 40-70 years and hypothyroidism increases in slow frequency from 40 to 70 years after that there is plateauing. Interestingly, the frequency of hyperthyroidism remains same in all the age groups.
CONCLUSION
Looking at the increased risks of thyroid disorders with age, screening of thyroid disorders can be started at the age of 40 years with estimation of serum levels of TSH. This gives us the opportunity to treat both subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism women.
PubMed: 30294181
DOI: 10.4103/jmh.JMH_21_18