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BMC Oral Health Sep 2021miR-1226 has been reported to be dysregulated in periodontitis, implying its potential functional role, which needs to be validated. The purpose of this study was to...
BACKGROUND
miR-1226 has been reported to be dysregulated in periodontitis, implying its potential functional role, which needs to be validated. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical significance of miR-1226 in periodontitis.
METHODS
Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 50 healthy volunteers and 72 periodontitis patients. The expression of miR-1226 in collected samples was detected by RT-qPCR. The concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines were analyzed by ELISA. The relationship of miR-1226 expression level with patients' characteristics was evaluated by the χ test and the Pearson correlation test.
RESULTS
It was found that miR-1226 was downregulated in the gingival crevicular fluid of periodontitis patients compared with healthy volunteers. The downregulation of miR-1226 was negatively correlated with the pocket depth, attachment loss, plaque index, bleeding index, and MMP-8 concentration of patients. miR-1226 showed high sensitivity and specificity to discriminate periodontitis patients from healthy volunteers. Additionally, periodontitis patients had a relatively high concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which is correlated with miR-1226 expression negatively.
CONCLUSIONS
miR-1226 could be an indicator for the diagnosis of periodontitis and has the potential to predict the development and severity of periodontitis.
Topics: Chronic Periodontitis; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; MicroRNAs; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index
PubMed: 34592963
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01855-y -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021The estimation of oral microbiome (OM) taxonomic composition in periodontally healthy individuals can often be biased because the clinically periodontally healthy...
The estimation of oral microbiome (OM) taxonomic composition in periodontally healthy individuals can often be biased because the clinically periodontally healthy subjects for evaluation can already experience dysbiosis. Usually, they are included just based on the absence of clinical signs of periodontitis. Additionally, the age of subjects is used to be higher to correspond well with tested groups of patients with chronic periodontitis, a disorder typically associated with aging. However, the dysbiosis of the OM precedes the clinical signs of the disease by many months or even years. The absence of periodontal pockets thus does not necessarily mean also good periodontal health and the obtained image of "healthy OM" can be distorted.To overcome this bias, we taxonomically characterized the OM in almost a hundred young students of dentistry with precise oral hygiene and no signs of periodontal disease. We compared the results with the OM composition of older periodontally healthy individuals and also a group of patients with severe periodontitis (aggressive periodontitis according to former classification system). The clustering analysis revealed not only two compact clearly separated clusters corresponding to each state of health, but also a group of samples forming an overlap between both well-pronounced states. Additionally, in the cluster of periodontally healthy samples, few outliers with atypical OM and two major stomatotypes could be distinguished, differing in the prevalence and relative abundance of two main bacterial genera: and . We hypothesize that the two stomatotypes could represent the microbial succession from periodontal health to starting dysbiosis. The old and young periodontally healthy subjects do not cluster separately but a trend of the OM in older subjects to periodontitis is visible. Several bacterial genera were identified to be typically more abundant in older periodontally healthy subjects.
Topics: Aged; Aggressive Periodontitis; Chronic Periodontitis; Dysbiosis; Humans; Microbiota; Periodontal Pocket
PubMed: 33828997
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.629723 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Jun 2022Periodontal disease diagnosis and its stability after treatment are still a field of interest for both researchers and clinicians.
BACKGROUND
Periodontal disease diagnosis and its stability after treatment are still a field of interest for both researchers and clinicians.
AIMS
First aim of this study was to implement the new periodontal classification for the reflection of periodontitis severity in private practice. Second, periodontal stability and tooth loss were observed in patients who attended supportive periodontal therapy (SPT).
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 454 patients were classified according to the new classification. To define periodontitis, patients were staged according to the clinical attachment level, and tooth and bone loss. Grading was also assessed by bone loss to age ratio, smoking, and/or presence of diabetes. Associations between periodontitis and age, gender, presence of diabetes, and smoking were also analyzed. Additionally, periodontal stability, tooth loss, and adherence to oral hygiene were recorded for those who attended SPT.
RESULTS
One hundred five patients were diagnosed as generalized gingivitis and 349 patients as periodontitis. Among them, 166 suffered from severe periodontitis (stage 3 or 4). Most of the patients had stage 3 grade C periodontitis (40.4%). Out of the 344 patients who attended SPT at least once, no treatment was needed in 57 (16.6%) patients who were accepted periodontally stable. Twenty-nine patients lost at least one tooth due to periodontal reason.
CONCLUSIONS
According to the new periodontal classification, 47.6% of the patients had severe periodontitis (stage 3 or 4). Periodontal stability was observed in 16.6% of patients who attended SPT.
Topics: Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Private Practice; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Loss
PubMed: 35708436
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_1952_21 -
Dental Clinics of North America Oct 2015Although scaling and root planing is a cost-effective approach for initial treatment of chronic periodontitis, it fails to eliminate subgingival pathogens and halt... (Review)
Review
Although scaling and root planing is a cost-effective approach for initial treatment of chronic periodontitis, it fails to eliminate subgingival pathogens and halt progressive attachment loss in some patients. Adjunctive use of systemic antibiotics immediately after completion of scaling and root planing can enhance the degree of clinical attachment gain and probing depth reduction provided by nonsurgical periodontal treatment. This article discusses the rationale for prescribing adjunctive antibiotics, reviews the evidence for their effectiveness, and outlines practical issues that should be considered before prescribing antibiotics to treat chronic periodontitis.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Biofilms; Chronic Periodontitis; Humans; Root Planing
PubMed: 26427574
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2015.06.011 -
High Blood Pressure & Cardiovascular... Sep 2021An accumulating body of evidence supports an independent association between high blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis, possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation.... (Review)
Review
An accumulating body of evidence supports an independent association between high blood pressure (BP) and periodontitis, possibly mediated by low-grade inflammation. This joint report by the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA) and the Italian Society of Periodontology and Implantology (SIdP) working group on Hypertension and Periodontitis (Hy-Per Group) provides a review of the evidence on this topic encompassing epidemiology, biological plausibility, relevance, magnitude, and treatment management. Consensus recommendations are provided for health professionals on how to manage BP in individuals showing signs of poor oral health. In summary, (1) large epidemiological studies highlight that individuals with periodontal diseases have increased risk for high/uncontrolled BP independent of confounders; (2) mechanistically, low-grade inflammation might have a causal role in the association; (3) BP profile and control might benefit from periodontal treatment in pre-hypertensive and hypertensive individuals; (4) oral health status should be evaluated as a potential risk factor for high/uncontrolled BP, and effective oral care should be included as an adjunct lifestyle measure during hypertension management. Further research is needed to optimize BP management in individuals with poor oral health.
Topics: Dental Implantation; Humans; Hypertension; Italy; Periodontics; Periodontitis; Societies, Dental; Societies, Medical
PubMed: 34562228
DOI: 10.1007/s40292-021-00466-6 -
BMC Oral Health Feb 2018Many patients with cirrhosis have poor oral health but little is known on periodontitis, and its clinical significance is largely unknown. This study aimed to examine...
BACKGROUND
Many patients with cirrhosis have poor oral health but little is known on periodontitis, and its clinical significance is largely unknown. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and predictors of periodontitis, and evaluate the association of periodontitis with nutritional and systemic inflammation status.
METHODS
145 patients with cirrhosis were consecutively enrolled. Clinical, oral examination of plaque, pocket depth, clinical attachment level, and bleeding on probing was performed. Patients were categorized as having no-or-mild, moderate, or severe periodontitis. Predictors of severe periodontitis and the association with nutritional and systemic inflammation status were analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses.
RESULTS
The large majority of patients had periodontitis, 46% of them severely and 39% moderately. Predictors of severe periodontitis included smoking (odds ratio (OR) 2.93, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.29-6.63), brushing teeth twice daily (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.11-0.79), and visiting the dentist annually (OR 3.51, 95% CI 1.22-10.81). Cirrhosis etiology or severity was not predictors of severe periodontitis. The patients with severe periodontitis had a higher nutritional risk score than patients with moderate, mild, or no periodontitis (3, interquartile range (IQR) 3-5 vs. 3, IQR 2-4, P = 0.02).
CONCLUSIONS
Most cirrhosis patients had significant periodontitis, the severity of which was related to life style factors and was associated with higher nutrition risk score. Our results emphasize the need for further research to establish the effect of periodontitis on cirrhosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Care; Dental Plaque; Female; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Prevalence; Smoking; Toothbrushing
PubMed: 29439734
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-018-0487-5 -
Nature Communications Nov 2023Guided bone regeneration aided by the application of occlusive membranes is a promising therapy for diverse inflammatory periodontal diseases. Symbiosis, homeostasis...
Guided bone regeneration aided by the application of occlusive membranes is a promising therapy for diverse inflammatory periodontal diseases. Symbiosis, homeostasis between the host microbiome and cells, occurs in the oral environment under normal, but not pathologic, conditions. Here, we develop a symbiotically integrating occlusive membrane by mimicking the tooth enamel growth or multiple nucleation biomineralization processes. We perform human saliva and in vivo canine experiments to confirm that the symbiotically integrating occlusive membrane induces a symbiotic healing environment. Moreover, we show that the membrane exhibits tractability and enzymatic stability, maintaining the healing space during the entire guided bone regeneration therapy period. We apply the symbiotically integrating occlusive membrane to treat inflammatory-challenged cases in vivo, namely, the open and closed healing of canine premolars with severe periodontitis. We find that the membrane promotes symbiosis, prevents negative inflammatory responses, and improves cellular integration. Finally, we show that guided bone regeneration therapy with the symbiotically integrating occlusive membrane achieves fast healing of gingival soft tissue and alveolar bone.
Topics: Humans; Alveolar Bone Loss; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Wound Healing; Periodontitis; Gingiva; Membranes, Artificial; Bone Regeneration
PubMed: 38001080
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43428-3 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2020This study investigated the association between periodontitis and the risk of pharyngeal cancer in Taiwan. For this population-based nested case-control study using the...
This study investigated the association between periodontitis and the risk of pharyngeal cancer in Taiwan. For this population-based nested case-control study using the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database derived from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database, we identified patients ( = 1292) who were newly diagnosed with pharyngeal cancer between 2005 and 2013 and exactly paired them with propensity score matched control subjects ( = 2584). Periodontitis and scaling and root planing (SRP) were identified before the index date. Pharyngeal cancer was subdivided into 3 subgroups on the basis of anatomic location: nasopharyngeal cancer, oropharyngeal cancer, and hypopharyngeal cancer. A multiple conditional logistic regression model was applied to analyze the adjusted odds ratio (aOR). Periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of pharyngeal cancer (aOR, 1.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17 to 2.10), especially oropharyngeal cancer (aOR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.07 to 4.60). We found a decreased risk of pharyngeal cancer in patients who had undergone SRP (aOR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.61 to 0.96). In conclusion, this study showed that periodontitis was associated with an increased risk of pharyngeal cancer and SRP exerted a protective effect against pharyngeal cancer. Our results suggest that treating periodontitis and performing SRP, which are modifiable factors in oral health, in clinical practice may provide an opportunity to decrease the disease burden of pharyngeal cancer in Taiwan.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Case-Control Studies; Dental Scaling; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Periodontitis; Risk Factors; Root Planing; Taiwan
PubMed: 33375028
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18010008 -
International Dental Journal Dec 2022History of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases risk of periodontal diseases. A pro-inflammatory condition noted in periodontitis is considered a trigger for RA. Thus,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
History of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) increases risk of periodontal diseases. A pro-inflammatory condition noted in periodontitis is considered a trigger for RA. Thus, periodontal treatment aimed at attenuating the pro-inflammatory state could aid in potentially reducing the risk of RA.
AIMS
The objective of this research was to assess the effect of periodontal therapy on rheumatoid factor, Disease Activity Score-28, anti-citrullinated protein antibody, and C-reactive protein levels in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and RA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The sample consisted of 28 patients with CP and RA. The study was designed to be a double-blind, randomised controlled clinical study. The samples were randomly categorised to either the treatment group (n = 13) or the control group (n = 15). CP status (plaque index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment loss), clinical rheumatologic status (Disease Activity Score), and biochemical status (C-reactive protein, anti-citrullinated protein antibody, and rheumatoid factor) were assessed at baseline and at follow-up at 8 to 12 weeks.
RESULTS
The treatment group showed a highly statistically significant reduction in bleeding on probing (P < .005), probing pocket depth (P < .001), plaque index (P < .001), and C-reactive protein (P < .001); a gain in the clinical attachment loss (P < .001) and an improvement in Disease Activity Score-28 (P = .001) were observed at reassessment following nonsurgical periodontal treatment as compared to the control group. However, blood serum anti-citrullinated protein antibody (P = .002) and rheumatoid factor levels (P = .351) were found to increase from baseline to 8 to 12 weeks following subgingival scaling and root planing.
CONCLUSIONS
Reduction of inflammation in the periodontium by nonsurgical periodontal therapy did not reduce anti-citrullinated protein antibody and rheumatoid factor levels. However, it has shown improvement in periodontal conditions, and remarkable changes were observed in the clinical Disease Activity Score and C-reactive protein levels of individuals with RA.
Topics: Humans; Chronic Periodontitis; Rheumatoid Factor; C-Reactive Protein; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Dental Scaling
PubMed: 35810012
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2022.04.008 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Sep 2022P4 Medicine is based on a proactive approach for clinical patient care incorporating the four "pillars" of prediction, prevention, personalization, and participation for... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
P4 Medicine is based on a proactive approach for clinical patient care incorporating the four "pillars" of prediction, prevention, personalization, and participation for patient management. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate how the concepts of P4 medicine can be incorporated into the management of periodontal diseases (particularly periodontitis) termed P4 periodontics.
METHODS
This is a narrative review that used current literature to explore how P4 periodontics can be aligned with the 2018 Classification of Periodontal Diseases, current periodontal treatment paradigms, and periodontal regenerative technologies.
RESULTS
The proposed model of P4 periodontics is highly aligned with the 2018 Classification of Periodontal Diseases and represents a logical extension of this classification into treatment paradigms. Each stage of periodontitis can be related to a holistic approach to clinical management. The role of "big data" in future P4 periodontics is discussed and the concepts of a treat-to-target focus for treatment outcomes are proposed as part of personalized periodontics. Personalized regenerative and rejuvenative periodontal therapies will refocus our thinking from risk management to regenerative solutions to manage the effects of disease and aging.
CONCLUSIONS
P4 Periodontics allows us to focus not only on early prevention and intervention but also allow for personalized late-stage reversal of the disease trajectory and the use of personalized regenerative procedures to reconstruct damaged tissues and restore them to health.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
P4 Periodontics is a novel means of viewing a holistic, integrative, and proactive approach to periodontal treatment.
Topics: Dental Care; Humans; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontics; Periodontitis
PubMed: 35344104
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04469-y