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Annals of Neurology Jun 2017Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose-limiting side effect experienced by patients receiving treatment for cancer. Approximately 30 to 40%... (Review)
Review
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common dose-limiting side effect experienced by patients receiving treatment for cancer. Approximately 30 to 40% of patients treated with neurotoxic chemotherapy will develop CIPN, and there is considerable variability in its severity between patients. It is often sensory-predominant with pain and can lead to long-term morbidity in survivors. The prevalence and burden of CIPN late effects will likely increase as cancer survival rates continue to improve. In this review, we discuss the approach to peripheral neuropathy in patients with cancer and address the clinical phenotypes and pathomechanisms of specific neurotoxic chemotherapeutic agents. Ann Neurol 2017;81:772-781.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Neoplasms; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 28486769
DOI: 10.1002/ana.24951 -
American Family Physician Dec 2020Peripheral neuropathy, a common neurologic problem encountered by family physicians, can be classified clinically by the anatomic pattern of presenting symptoms and, if...
Peripheral neuropathy, a common neurologic problem encountered by family physicians, can be classified clinically by the anatomic pattern of presenting symptoms and, if indicated, by results of electrodiagnostic studies for axonal and demyelinating disease. The prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in the general population ranges from 1% to 7%, with higher rates among those older than 50 years. Common identifiable causes include diabetes mellitus, nerve compression or injury, alcohol use, toxin exposure, hereditary diseases, and nutritional deficiencies. Peripheral neuropathy is idiopathic in 25% to 46% of cases. Diagnosis requires a comprehensive history, physical examination, and judicious laboratory testing. Early peripheral neuropathy may present as sensory alterations that are often progressive, including sensory loss, numbness, pain, or burning sensations in a "stocking and glove" distribution of the extremities. Later stages may involve proximal numbness, distal weakness, or atrophy. Physical examination should include a comprehensive neurologic and musculoskeletal evaluation. If the peripheral nervous system is identified as the likely source of the patient's symptoms, evaluation for potential underlying etiologies should initially focus on treatable causes. Initial laboratory evaluation includes a complete blood count; a comprehensive metabolic profile; fasting blood glucose, vitamin B12, and thyroid-stimulating hormone levels; and serum protein electrophoresis with immunofixation. If the initial evaluation is inconclusive, referral to a neurologist for additional testing (e.g., electrodiagnostic studies, specific antibody assays, nerve biopsy) should be considered. Treatment of peripheral neuropathy focuses on managing the underlying etiology. Several classes of medications, including gabapentinoids and antidepressants, can help alleviate neuropathic pain.
Topics: Diabetic Neuropathies; Diagnosis, Differential; Family Practice; Humans; Medical History Taking; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Physical Examination
PubMed: 33320513
DOI: No ID Found -
Pain Dec 2014Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a disabling pain condition resulting from chemotherapy for cancer. Severe acute CIPN may require chemotherapy dose... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a disabling pain condition resulting from chemotherapy for cancer. Severe acute CIPN may require chemotherapy dose reduction or cessation. There is no effective CIPN prevention strategy; treatment of established chronic CIPN is limited, and the prevalence of CIPN is not known. Here we used a systematic review to identify studies reporting the prevalence of CIPN. We searched Embase, Medline, CAB Abstracts, CINAHL, PubMed central, Cochrane Library, and Web of Knowledge for relevant references and used random-effects meta-regression to estimate overall prevalence. We assessed study quality using the CONSORT and STROBE guidelines, and we report findings according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidance. We provide a qualitative summary of factors reported to alter the risk of CIPN. We included 31 studies with data from 4179 patients in our analysis. CIPN prevalence was 68.1% (57.7-78.4) when measured in the first month after chemotherapy, 60.0% (36.4-81.6) at 3months and 30.0% (6.4-53.5) at 6months or more. Different chemotherapy drugs were associated with differences in CIPN prevalence, and there was some evidence of publication bias. Genetic risk factors were reported in 4 studies. Clinical risk factors, identified in 4 of 31 studies, included neuropathy at baseline, smoking, abnormal creatinine clearance, and specific sensory changes during chemotherapy. Although CIPN prevalence decreases with time, at 6months 30% of patients continue to suffer from CIPN. Routine CIPN surveillance during post-chemotherapy follow-up is needed. A number of genetic and clinical risk factors were identified that require further study.
Topics: Databases, Bibliographic; Drug Therapy; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 25261162
DOI: 10.1016/j.pain.2014.09.020 -
Muscle & Nerve Mar 2021Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both global health challenges with well-established diagnostic criteria and significant impacts on... (Review)
Review
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are both global health challenges with well-established diagnostic criteria and significant impacts on quality of life. Clinical observations, epidemiologic evidence, and animal models of disease have strongly suggested MetS is associated with an elevated risk for cryptogenic sensory peripheral neuropathy (CSPN). MetS neuropathy preferentially affects small unmyelinated axons early in its course, and it may also affect autonomic and large fibers. CSPN risk is linked to MetS and several of its components including obesity, dyslipidemia, and prediabetes. MetS also increases neuropathy risk in patients with established type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this review we present animal data regarding the role of inflammation and dyslipidemia in MetS neuropathy pathogenesis. Several studies suggest exercise-based lifestyle modification is a promising treatment approach for MetS neuropathy.
Topics: Bariatric Surgery; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Neuropathies; Diet Therapy; Disease Progression; Dyslipidemias; Exercise; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Metabolic Syndrome; Obesity; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Prediabetic State; Risk Factors; Small Fiber Neuropathy; Topiramate
PubMed: 33098165
DOI: 10.1002/mus.27086 -
The Lancet. Diabetes & Endocrinology Dec 2019Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of both type 1 and 2 diabetes. It is a leading cause of lower-limb amputation and disabling neuropathic... (Review)
Review
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of both type 1 and 2 diabetes. It is a leading cause of lower-limb amputation and disabling neuropathic pain. Amputations in patients with diabetes have a devastating effect on quality of life and are associated with an alarmingly low life expectancy (on average only 2 years from the amputation). Amputation also places a substantial financial burden on health-care systems and society in general. With the introduction of national diabetes eye screening programmes, the prevalence of blindness in working-age adults is falling. This is not the case, however, with diabetes related amputations. In this Review, we appraise innovative point-of-care devices that enable the early diagnosis of DPN and assess the evidence for early risk factor-based management strategies to reduce the incidence and slow the progression of DPN. We also propose a framework for screening and early multifactorial interventions as the best prospect for preventing or halting DPN and its devastating sequelae.
Topics: Diabetic Neuropathies; Humans; Mass Screening; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Time-to-Treatment
PubMed: 31624024
DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30081-6 -
European Journal of Neurology Jan 2023Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates of the exocrine organs, leading to sicca symptoms... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE
Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a chronic, systemic, autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltrates of the exocrine organs, leading to sicca symptoms and parotid enlargement. pSS has been linked to various neurological manifestations, including peripheral neuropathy (PN). We aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the currently available evidence regarding pSS-related PN.
METHODS
A literature search in the PubMed database was performed, and 49 papers were eligible to be included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
RESULTS
The pooled prevalence of PN in pSS is estimated to be 15.0% (95% confidence interval = 10.7%-20.7%). The mean age of pSS patients at PN diagnosis is 59 years. Among the patients with pSS and PN, 83% are females. Neuropathic symptoms usually precede or lead to the pSS diagnosis at a 2:1 ratio in patients with pSS-related PN. The commonest type of pSS-related PN is distal axonal polyneuropathy (80% of patients with pSS-related PN), followed by sensory ganglionopathy. Peripheral and cranial mononeuropathies-particularly trigeminal-are also frequent. Risk factors for developing PN include increasing age and presence of vasculitis. Immune-mediated pathogenetic mechanisms are discussed. Glucocorticoids are the most commonly used treatment option for managing pSS-related PN, when associated with vasculitis, followed by the use of intravenous immunoglobulin.
CONCLUSIONS
PN is very common in pSS patients. Evidence on long-term prognosis of PN in pSS is limited, and further research is needed. Research into the use of immunosuppressive medication in nonvasculitic neuropathies in the context of pSS merits further consideration.
Topics: Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Male; Sjogren's Syndrome; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Vasculitis; Immunoglobulins, Intravenous
PubMed: 36086910
DOI: 10.1111/ene.15555 -
Australian Family Physician Mar 2015Paraesthesia reflects an abnormality affecting the sensory pathways anywhere between the peripheral sensory nervous system and the sensory cortex. As with all neurology,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Paraesthesia reflects an abnormality affecting the sensory pathways anywhere between the peripheral sensory nervous system and the sensory cortex. As with all neurology, the fundamental diagnostic tool is a concise history, devoid of potentially ambiguous jargon, which properly reflects the true nature of what the patient is experiencing, provocateurs, precipitating and relieving factors, concomitant illnesses, such as diabetes, and any treatments that could evoke neuropathies.
OBJECTIVE
Some localised neuropathies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or ulnar neuropathy, produce classical features, such as weakness of the 'LOAF' (lateral two lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis) median innervated muscles, thereby obviating need for further neurophysiology. Nerve conduction studies may be necessary to diagnose peripheral neuropathy, but they may also be normal with small fibre neuropathy. Even with a diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy, definition of the underlying cause may remain elusive in a significant proportion of cases, despite involvement of consultants.
DISCUSSION
Treatment is based on the relevant diagnosis and mechanism to address the cause. This includes better glycaemic control for diabetes, night splint for CTS or elbow padding for ulnar neuropathy, modifying lifestyle with reduced alcohol consumption or replacing dietary deficiencies or changing medications where appropriate and practical. Should such intervention fail to relieve symptoms, consideration of intervention to relieve symptoms of neuropathic pain may be required.
Topics: Disease Management; Electrodiagnosis; Humans; Paresthesia; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
PubMed: 25770571
DOI: No ID Found -
Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the... Oct 2021Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a serious and often persistent adverse consequence of certain chemotherapeutic agents. It is a major dose-limiting... (Review)
Review
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a serious and often persistent adverse consequence of certain chemotherapeutic agents. It is a major dose-limiting factor of many first-line chemotherapies, affecting 20-50% of patients at standard doses and nearly all patients at high doses. As cancer survivorship continues to increase with improvements in early diagnosis and treatment, more patients will experience CIPN despite completing cancer treatment, which interferes with recovery, leading to chronic pain and worsening quality of life. The National Cancer Institute has identified CIPN as a priority in translational research. To date, there are no FDA-approved drugs for preventing or treating CIPN, with emerging debate on mechanisms and promising new targets. This review highlights current literature and suggests novel approaches to CIPN based on proposed mechanisms of action that aim either to confer neuroprotection against chemotherapy-induced neurotoxicity or reverse the downstream effects of painful neuropathy.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34676514
DOI: 10.1007/s13311-021-01142-2 -
Mayo Clinic Proceedings May 2017Monoclonal gammopathies comprise a spectrum of clonal plasma cell disorders that include monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and... (Review)
Review
Monoclonal gammopathies comprise a spectrum of clonal plasma cell disorders that include monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, multiple myeloma, and Waldenström macroglobulinemia. In this review, we outline the epidemiology, etiology, classification, diagnosis, and treatment of monoclonal gammopathy-associated peripheral neuropathy. Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance is relatively common in the general population, with a prevalence of 3% to 4% among individuals older than age 50 years. Therefore, the presence of M protein in a patient with neuropathy does not automatically indicate a causal relationship. Monoclonal gammopathy-associated peripheral neuropathy is often a difficult diagnosis with limited treatment options. Studies addressing the optimal approach to diagnosis and management of this entity are limited. In addition to a review of the literature, we present a diagnostic approach to patients with monoclonal gammopathy-associated peripheral neuropathy and discuss available data and options for treatment.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Biomarkers; Demyelinating Autoimmune Diseases, CNS; Diagnosis, Differential; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Immunologic Factors; Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance; Myeloablative Agonists; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Plasmapheresis; Prognosis; Rituximab; Vidarabine
PubMed: 28473042
DOI: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.003 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2021Bortezomib, a first-generation proteasome inhibitor widely used in chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy, has effective anti-cancer activity but often causes severe... (Review)
Review
Bortezomib, a first-generation proteasome inhibitor widely used in chemotherapy for hematologic malignancy, has effective anti-cancer activity but often causes severe peripheral neuropathy. Although bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy (BIPN) is a dose-limiting toxicity, there are no recommended therapeutics for its prevention or treatment. One of the most critical problems is a lack of knowledge about pathological mechanisms of BIPN. Here, we summarize the known mechanisms of BIPN based on preclinical evidence, including morphological abnormalities, involvement of non-neuronal cells, oxidative stress, and alterations of transcriptional programs in both the peripheral and central nervous systems. Moreover, we describe the necessity of advancing studies that identify the potential efficacy of approved drugs on the basis of pathological mechanisms, as this is a convincing strategy for rapid translation to patients with cancer and BIPN.
Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Boronic Acids; Bortezomib; Humans; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Proteasome Inhibitors; Pyrazines
PubMed: 33477371
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020888