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Cirugia Y Cirujanos Dec 2017The gallbladder volvulus is defined as the rotation of the gallbladder on its mesentery along the axis of the cystic duct and cystic artery. It is an extremely rare... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The gallbladder volvulus is defined as the rotation of the gallbladder on its mesentery along the axis of the cystic duct and cystic artery. It is an extremely rare surgical disease and definitive diagnosis is usually made during surgery.
CASE REPORT
A 78 year old woman presented with upper right quadrant abdominal pain, with no comorbidities and no other accompanying symptoms. Analysis revealed haemodynamic instability and leukocytosis. Computed tomography of abdomen showed an acute cholecystitis. During emergency right hypochondrium laparotomy, the gallbladder was found to be twisted counterclockwise with huge gangrenous gallbladder distal. Open cholecystectomy was performed and after the surgery, the patient was discharged in a few days.
CONCLUSION
Gallbladder volvulus, or gallbladder torsion, is a rare condition and should be considered when clinical and imaging findings of complicated cholecystitis are present. The performance of urgent laparoscopic surgery would be first option to avoid perforation, peritonitis and haemodynamic instability.
Topics: Aged; Cholecystectomy; Cholecystitis; Cholelithiasis; Diagnostic Errors; Emergencies; Female; Gallbladder; Gallbladder Diseases; Gangrene; Humans; Laparotomy; Necrosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Torsion Abnormality
PubMed: 27955849
DOI: 10.1016/j.circir.2016.10.013 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2022This study aimed to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms by which GSRd improves cardiac inflammation and immune environment after MI.
PURPOSE
This study aimed to elucidate the potential molecular mechanisms by which GSRd improves cardiac inflammation and immune environment after MI.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The potential target genes of GSRd were predicted using the STITCH database. In vivo, MI mice models were established by left anterior descending ligation and were divided into the sham group, MI + Vehicle group, and MI + GSRd group. DMSO, DMSO, and GSRd 50 μL/day were intraperitoneally injected, respectively. After 28 days, echocardiography, Masson staining, immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry, RT-PCR, and Western blot were performed. Mice peritoneal macrophages were extracted in vitro, and Western blot was performed after GSRd and/or Akt inhibitor MK2206 intervention.
RESULTS
GSRd significantly improved mouse myocardial function, attenuated cardiac fibrosis, and inhibited inflammation and apoptosis in myocardial tissues after myocardial infarction. Meanwhile, GSRd increased non-classical Ly6C Mos/Mps while reduced of classical Ly6C Mos/Mps at the same time in myocardial tissues. In addition, GSRd significantly reversed the activity of p-Akt and p-mTOR in the heart Mos/Mps after MI. In vitro studies showed that the activity of p-Akt and p-mTOR in peritoneal macrophages were significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner after GSRd treatment. Furthermore, the AKT inhibitor MK2206 was found to block the enhanced activity of p-Akt and p-mTOR induced by GSRd in peritoneal macrophages.
CONCLUSION
GSRd can enhance the transformation of Ly6C Mos/Mps to Ly6C Mos/Mps in mice after MI by activating the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, inhibiting cardiac dysfunction and promoting cardiac repair.
Topics: Animals; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Ginsenosides; Inflammation; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Monocytes; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 36033133
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S377624 -
Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery Sep 2021Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the lymph... (Review)
Review
PRACTICAL RELEVANCE
Abdominal ultrasound plays a vital role in the diagnostic work-up of many cats presenting to general and specialist practitioners. Ultrasound examination of the lymph nodes, peritoneal cavity and abdominal vasculature provides important information useful in the investigation of a number of conditions, including aortic thromboembolism.
CLINICAL CHALLENGES
Despite ultrasonography being a commonly used modality, many practitioners are not comfortable performing an ultrasound examination or interpreting the resulting images. Even for the experienced ultrasonographer, differentiating between incidental findings such as Bates bodies and pathological changes can be challenging.
AIM
This review, the last in an occasional series on feline abdominal ultrasonography, discusses ultrasound examination of the abdominal lymph nodes and peritoneal cavity, and also the role of the technique in identifying thromboembolism of the aorta. Aimed at general practitioners who wish to improve their knowledge of and confidence in feline abdominal ultrasound, this review is accompanied by high-resolution images and videos available online as supplementary material.
EQUIPMENT
Ultrasound facilities are readily available to most practitioners, although the use of ultrasonography as a diagnostic tool is highly dependent on operator experience.
EVIDENCE BASE
Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature and the author's own clinical experience.
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Aorta; Cats; Lymph Nodes; Peritoneal Cavity; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34428939
DOI: 10.1177/1098612X211037874 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Jun 2023Omental Infarction (OI) is uncommon and mimics common causes of acute abdomen. It is important to differentiate it from other abdominal conditions that require emergency...
BACKGROUND
Omental Infarction (OI) is uncommon and mimics common causes of acute abdomen. It is important to differentiate it from other abdominal conditions that require emergency management. It was first reported in literature in 1896 and about 400 cases have been reported till date.
CASE PRESENTATION
We reported on a 41 year-old Para 0 Ibo house wife who presented with 10 years history of supra-pubic mass and five months history of excessive menstrual flow. After physical examination, a diagnosis of symptomatic uterine fibroid was made. She had myomectomy and the raw surface created after the excision of the myomas was covered with omentum. Wound infection developed on the 8th post-operative day leading to a wound breakdown and later partial extrusion of infarcted omental tissue through the dehisced wound. During re-exploration, the infarcted omental tissue was extracted and the residual abdominal abscess was drained. Surgical site wound infection occurred on the 3rd day after re-operation and a sub-acute intestinal obstruction developed on the 4th day thereafter which responded to conservative management.
CONCLUSION
Careful surgical technique is imperative when utilizing the omentum for reconstructive abdominal surgery. Torsion of the omentum and creation of excess tension while using the omentum for reconstructive procedures should be avoided and increase awareness of this uncommon disease condition by the surgeon is also important. This case is to report a rare finding of omental infarction following myomectomy.
Topics: Female; Humans; Adult; Uterine Myomectomy; Peritoneal Diseases; Abdomen, Acute; Diagnosis, Differential; Omentum; Infarction
PubMed: 37337268
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-023-03924-y -
Journal of the American Heart... Jun 2018Peritoneal B1a cells attenuate atherosclerosis by secreting natural polyclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). Regulatory B cells expressing T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1...
BACKGROUND
Peritoneal B1a cells attenuate atherosclerosis by secreting natural polyclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM). Regulatory B cells expressing T-cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-1 (TIM-1) expanded through TIM-1 ligation by anti-TIM-1 monoclonal antibody (RMT1-10) induces immune tolerance.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We examined the capacity of RMT1-10 to expand peritoneal B1a cells to prevent atherosclerosis development and retard progression of established atherosclerosis. RMT1-10 treatment selectively doubled peritoneal B1a cells, tripled TIM-1 B1a cells and increased TIM-1IgMinterleukin (IL)-10 by 3-fold and TIM-1IgMIL-10 B1a cells by 2.5-fold. Similar expansion of B1a B cells was observed in spleens. These effects reduced atherosclerotic lesion size, increased plasma IgM and lesion IgM deposits, and decreased oxidatively modified low-density lipoproteins in lesions. Lesion CD4 and CD8 T cells, macrophages and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, expression of proinflammatory cytokines monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, IL1β, apoptotic cell numbers and necrotic cores were also reduced. RMT1-10 treatment failed to expand peritoneal B1a cells and reduce atherosclerosis after splenectomy that reduces B1a cells, indicating that these effects are B1a cell-dependent. Apolipoprotein E-KO mice fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks before treatment with RMT1-10 also increased TIM-1IgMIL-10 and TIM-1IgMIL-10 B1a cells and IgM levels and attenuated progression of established atherosclerosis.
CONCLUSIONS
RMT1-10 treatment attenuates atherosclerosis development and progression by selectively expanding IgM producing atheroprotective B1a cells. Antibody-based in vivo expansion of B1a cells could be an attractive approach for treating atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Aorta; Aortic Diseases; Apoptosis; Atherosclerosis; B-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Cell Proliferation; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; Immunoglobulin M; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout, ApoE; Necrosis; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 29936416
DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.117.008447 -
Andes Pediatrica : Revista Chilena de... Jun 2022Omental infarction describes ischemic torsion of the distal portion of the omentum and constitutes an infrequent cause of acute abdominal pain in childhood of which few...
INTRODUCTION
Omental infarction describes ischemic torsion of the distal portion of the omentum and constitutes an infrequent cause of acute abdominal pain in childhood of which few cases are known. Objec tive: To analyze through a clinical case the characteristics and management of this pathology, to consider this entity in the differential diagnosis of acute abdominal pain.
CLINICAL CASE
An 11-year- old child consulted the emergency department due to a 48-hour history of continuous abdominal pain, which had progressively increased. On the physical examination, the patient presented pain in the right side of the abdomen and the epigastric area, with no signs of peritoneal irritation, and was overweight (BMI 91st percentile). Biochemical analysis showed a slight increase in c-reactive protein (CRP) 41.31 mg/L (reference value < 3.0 mg/L) without leukocytosis and normal ultrasound study, without visualization of the appendix. Due to persistent pain, increased CRP, and absence of appen dix visualization in the ultrasound, the study was completed with an abdomen and pelvis CT scan which showed trabeculation of the fat of the anterior right subhepatic space, thus diagnosing omental infarction. The patient was hospitalized for conservative management with analgesia, anti-inflamma tory drugs, and fluid therapy, presenting good evolution in the first 48 hours.
CONCLUSION
Omental infarction is an infrequent cause of acute abdominal pain in childhood. Imaging studies play a funda mental role in the differential diagnosis of this entity with other clinical conditions of similar course, thus avoiding unnecessary surgical interventions.
Topics: Abdomen, Acute; Abdominal Pain; Child; Humans; Infarction; Omentum; Peritoneal Diseases; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 35857016
DOI: 10.32641/andespediatr.v93i3.3830 -
European Surgical Research. Europaische... 2022Colon cancer (CC) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are common and severe neoplasms frequently sharing a massive inflammatory involvement of peritoneum. A detailed...
INTRODUCTION
Colon cancer (CC) and epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) are common and severe neoplasms frequently sharing a massive inflammatory involvement of peritoneum. A detailed molecular characterization of such carcinomatosis has not been performed, so far.
METHODS
Omental adipocytes were isolated from thirty-three adult women who underwent primary surgery for CC or EOC. Expression of several pro-inflammatory genes was determined by real-time PCR and immunofluorescence. Data were related to the clinical phenotype of the patients.
RESULTS
CD68, FGFR1, and IL-6 were significantly more expressed in adipocytes from CC patients and VEGF in adipocytes from EOC. TNFα, TGFβ, or MCP-1, as well as the pro-inflammatory platform P2X7R-NLRP3, did not differ between the 2 cancers. White blood cell count, mirroring systemic inflammation, was related to adipocyte P2X7R (R = 0.508, p = 0.003), NLRP3 (R = 0.405; p = 0.02), and MCP-1 (R = 0.448; p = 0.009). P2X7R and NLRP3 were the only inflammatory factors significantly more expressed in patients carrying both omental and peritoneal carcinosis, who were also characterized by a higher leukocytosis. None of the tested inflammatory markers was associated with tumor grading for both neoplasms; however, the presence of metastases was associated with a higher adipocyte expression of FGFR1 and TGFβ.
CONCLUSION
We show here that rarely measured molecules seem to specifically characterize omental carcinomatosis of CC or EOC, while more common inflammatory agents like TNFα, TGFβ, or MCP-1 do not; the P2X7R-NLRP3 complex marks omental and peritoneal carcinosis and is related to circulating white blood cells and MCP-1, involved in monocyte-macrophage tissue infiltration; increased TGFβ and FGFR1 characterize the tumoral dissemination.
Topics: Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Inflammasomes; Interleukin-1beta; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; Ovarian Neoplasms; Peritoneal Neoplasms; Peritoneum; Receptors, Purinergic P2X7; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 34758468
DOI: 10.1159/000519690 -
Journal of Leukocyte Biology Feb 2016We investigated the role of microRNA-21 in the macrophage response to peritonitis; microRNA-21 expression increases in peritoneal macrophages after lipopolysaccharide... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
We investigated the role of microRNA-21 in the macrophage response to peritonitis; microRNA-21 expression increases in peritoneal macrophages after lipopolysaccharide stimulation but is delayed until 48 hours after cecal ligation and puncture. MicroRNA-21-null mice and bone marrow-derived cell lines were exposed to cecal ligation and puncture or lipopolysaccharide, and survival, microRNA-21 levels, target messenger RNAs and proteins, and cytokines were assayed. Macrophages were also transfected with microRNA-21 mimics and antagomirs, and similar endpoints were measured. Survival in microRNA-21-null mice was significantly decreased after lipopolysaccharide-induced peritonitis but unchanged after cecal ligation and puncture compared with similarly treated wild-type mice. MicroRNA-21 expression, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin 6, and programmed cell death protein 4 levels were increased after lipopolysaccharide addition in peritoneal cells. Pelino1 and sprouty (SPRY) messenger RNAs were similarly increased early, whereas programmed cell death protein 4 messenger RNA was decreased after lipopolysaccharide, and all microR-21 target messenger RNAs were subsequently decreased by 24 hours after lipopolysaccharide. Transfection with mimics and antagomirs led to appropriate responses in microRNA-21 and tumor necrosis factor-α. Knockdown of microRNA-21 in bone marrow-derived cells showed increased tumor necrosis factor-α and decreased interleukin 10 in response to lipopolysaccharide. Target proteins were unaffected by knockdown as was extracellular signal-regulated kinase; however, the nuclear factor κB p65 subunit was increased after lipopolysaccharide in the microRNA-21 knockout cells. In contrast, there was little change in these parameters after cecal ligation and puncture induction between null and wild-type mice. MicroRNA-21 is beneficial to survival in mice following lipopolysaccharide peritonitis. Overexpression of microRNA-21 decreased tumor necrosis factor-α secretion, whereas suppression of microRNA-21 expression increased tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin 6, and decreased interleukin 10 levels after lipopolysaccharide. Protein targets of microRNA-21 were not different following suppression of microRNA-21. Nuclear factor κB was increased by suppression of microRNA-21. These findings demonstrate microRNA-21 is beneficial in modulating the macrophage response to lipopolysaccharide peritonitis and an improved understanding of the anti-inflammatory effects of microRNA-21 may result in novel, targeted therapy against peritonitis and sepsis.
Topics: Animals; Cecum; Cell Line, Transformed; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-6; Intestinal Perforation; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; MicroRNAs; Molecular Targeted Therapy; NF-kappa B; Oligonucleotides; Peritonitis; RNA, Messenger; Transfection; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 26382295
DOI: 10.1189/jlb.4A1014-489R -
Experimental & Molecular Medicine Jan 2018The expression or dysfunction of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to various hereditary diseases, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors.... (Review)
Review
The expression or dysfunction of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to various hereditary diseases, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors. LncRNAs were also recently recognized as functional regulators of fibrosis, which is a secondary process in many of these diseases and a primary pathology in fibrosis diseases. We review the latest findings on lncRNAs in fibrosis diseases of the liver, myocardium, kidney, lung and peritoneum. We also discuss the potential of disease-related lncRNAs as therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of human fibrosis diseases.
Topics: Alu Elements; Animals; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p57; Fibrosis; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardium; RNA, Long Noncoding; Rats
PubMed: 29350677
DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.223 -
Iranian Journal of Allergy, Asthma, and... Dec 2020The presence of ambient particulate matter (PM) poses more dangers to human health than that of other common air pollutants such as Carbon dioxide (Co2) and ozone. ...
The presence of ambient particulate matter (PM) poses more dangers to human health than that of other common air pollutants such as Carbon dioxide (Co2) and ozone. Epidemiologic studies show a direct correlation between PM and the risk of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. The immune system seems to play a critical role in the process of these diseases. The main goal of this study was to investigate the effect of Tehran particulate matter in two aerodynamic diameters (PM2.5 and PM10) on alveolar macrophages (AM) from C57/BL6 mice. To evaluate the inflammatory effects of PMs, cultured alveolar, and peritoneal macrophages were treated with PM2.5 and PM10 (concentrations of 5 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL). Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and IL-10 (representatives of inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, respectively) were assessed in the culture supernatant by ELISA. Expression of arginase and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) genes was carried out by quantitative real-time PCR. Different functional types of cultured alveolar macrophages (M1, M2) were also determined in this study. Our results suggest that PM2.5 induces M1 inflammatory phenotype in comparison with PM10. We found Also, an increase in TNF-α and M1-related gene expression (iNOS), as well as a decrease in both IL-10 and M2 phenotype genes (Arginase). Moreover, a reduction in phagocytic capacity and increased apoptosis function of macrophage cells were detected. PM2.5 as a major component in hydrocarbons has a considerable effect on polarizing the alveolar macrophages to an inflammatory phenotype and eliciting lung inflammation in mice.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Animals; Apoptosis; Arginase; Cytokines; Gene Expression; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Macrophages, Alveolar; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Particulate Matter; Phagocytes; Phenotype; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 33463134
DOI: 10.18502/ijaai.v19i6.4934