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Proceedings of the National Academy of... Jun 2023Cognitive ability and personality are fundamental domains of human psychology. Despite a century of vast research, most ability-personality relations remain... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Cognitive ability and personality are fundamental domains of human psychology. Despite a century of vast research, most ability-personality relations remain unestablished. Using contemporary hierarchical personality and cognitive abilities frameworks, we meta-analyze unexamined links between personality traits and cognitive abilities and offer large-scale evidence of their relations. This research quantitatively summarizes 60,690 relations between 79 personality and 97 cognitive ability constructs in 3,543 meta-analyses based on data from millions of individuals. Sets of novel relations are illuminated by distinguishing hierarchical personality and ability constructs (e.g., factors, aspects, facets). The links between personality traits and cognitive abilities are not limited to openness and its components. Some aspects and facets of neuroticism, extraversion, and conscientiousness are also considerably related to primary as well as specific abilities. Overall, the results provide an encyclopedic quantification of what is currently known about personality-ability relations, identify previously unrecognized trait pairings, and reveal knowledge gaps. The meta-analytic findings are visualized in an interactive webtool. The database of coded studies and relations is offered to the scientific community to further advance research, understanding, and applications.
Topics: Humans; Personality; Neuroticism; Cognition; Extraversion, Psychological; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 37252971
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212794120 -
Journal of Behavioral Addictions Mar 2018Background and aims Recent research has suggested that social networking site use can be addictive. Although extensive research has been carried out on potential...
Background and aims Recent research has suggested that social networking site use can be addictive. Although extensive research has been carried out on potential addiction to social networking sites, such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, and Tinder, only one very small study has previously examined potential addiction to Instagram. Consequently, the objectives of this study were to examine the relationships between personality, self-liking, daily Internet use, and Instagram addiction, as well as exploring the mediating role of self-liking between personality and Instagram addiction using path analysis. Methods A total of 752 university students completed a self-report survey, including the Instagram Addiction Scale (IAS), the Big Five Inventory (BFI), and the Self-Liking Scale. Results Results indicated that agreeableness, conscientiousness, and self-liking were negatively associated with Instagram addiction, whereas daily Internet use was positively associated with Instagram addiction. The results also showed that self-liking partially mediated the relationship of Instagram addiction with agreeableness and fully mediated the relationship between Instagram addiction with conscientiousness. Discussion and conclusions This study contributes to the small body of literature that has examined the relationship between personality and social networking site addiction and is one of only two studies to examine the addictive use of Instagram and the underlying factors related to it.
Topics: Adolescent; Behavior, Addictive; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Psychological; Personality; Personality Tests; Photography; Prevalence; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Self Concept; Self Report; Social Media; Young Adult
PubMed: 29461086
DOI: 10.1556/2006.7.2018.15 -
Personality Disorders Apr 2016Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) includes a dimensional model of personality pathology, operationalized in the Personality...
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) includes a dimensional model of personality pathology, operationalized in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), with 25 facets grouped into 5 higher order factors resembling the Big Five personality dimensions. The present study tested how well these 25 facets could be integrated with the 10-factor structure of traits within the Big Five that is operationalized by the Big Five Aspect Scales (BFAS). In 2 healthy adult samples, 10-factor solutions largely confirmed our hypothesis that each of the 10 BFAS would be the highest loading BFAS on 1 and only 1 factor. Varying numbers of PID-5 scales were additional markers of each factor, and the overall factor structure in the first sample was well replicated in the second. Our results allow Cybernetic Big Five Theory (CB5T) to be brought to bear on manifestations of personality disorder, because CB5T offers mechanistic explanations of the 10 factors measured by the BFAS. Future research, therefore, may begin to test hypotheses derived from CB5T regarding the mechanisms that are dysfunctional in specific personality disorders.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Personality; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory; Young Adult
PubMed: 27032017
DOI: 10.1037/per0000170 -
Developmental Psychology Jan 2018A large number of studies document that children differ in the degree they are shaped by their developmental context with some being more sensitive to environmental...
A large number of studies document that children differ in the degree they are shaped by their developmental context with some being more sensitive to environmental influences than others. Multiple theories suggest that Environmental Sensitivity is a common trait predicting the response to negative as well as positive exposures. However, most research to date has relied on more or less proximal markers of Environmental Sensitivity. In this paper we introduce a new questionnaire-the Highly Sensitive Child (HSC) scale-as a promising self-report measure of Environmental Sensitivity. After describing the development of the short 12-item HSC scale for children and adolescents, we report on the psychometric properties of the scale, including confirmatory factor analysis and test-retest reliability. After considering bivariate and multivariate associations with well-established temperament and personality traits, we apply Latent Class Analysis to test for the existence of hypothesized sensitivity groups. Analyses are conducted across 5 studies featuring 4 different U.K.-based samples ranging in age from 8-19 years and with a total sample size of N = 3,581. Results suggest the 12-item HSC scale is a psychometrically robust measure that performs well in both children and adolescents. Besides being relatively independent from other common traits, the Latent Class Analysis suggests that there are 3 distinct groups with different levels of Environmental Sensitivity-low (approx. 25-35%), medium (approx. 41-47%), and high (20-35%). Finally, we provide exploratory cut-off scores for the categorization of children into these different groups which may be useful for both researchers and practitioners. (PsycINFO Database Record
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Environment; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Inhibition, Psychological; Male; Models, Psychological; Multivariate Analysis; Personality Tests; Principal Component Analysis; Psychology, Adolescent; Psychology, Child; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report; Superior Sagittal Sinus; Temperament; Young Adult
PubMed: 28933890
DOI: 10.1037/dev0000406 -
Current Opinion in Psychology Feb 2021The diagnostic concept of Personality Disorder (PD) is changing. A dimensional PD concept that focuses on severity of impairment of personality functioning was... (Review)
Review
The diagnostic concept of Personality Disorder (PD) is changing. A dimensional PD concept that focuses on severity of impairment of personality functioning was introduced in the DSM 5 Section III in 2013 and is adopted by the upcoming ICD-11 in a similar manner. Several reliable, valid and useful instruments to assess personality functioning (Criterion A) either as self-report, expert rating or clinical interview were developed in the past years. This article gives a latest state-of-the-art overview of these measures. It underlines the importance of multi-informant multi-method assessment of, and a longitudinal perspective on PD pathology and the importance of standardized inclusion of PD individuals in studies to increase the significance of research findings.
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; Personality; Personality Assessment; Personality Disorders; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 33099168
DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2020.09.009 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022Research has shown that personality is associated with anxiety levels in the general population. However, little is known about the relationship between personality and... (Review)
Review
Research has shown that personality is associated with anxiety levels in the general population. However, little is known about the relationship between personality and preoperative anxiety and the subsequent health outcomes in patients undergoing surgery. Therefore, this review aimed to identify studies that explored the relationship between personality traits and preoperative anxiety, as well as their association with postoperative outcomes. Existing literature shows that anxiety may play an intermediary role in the relationship between personality and postoperative outcomes. Severe anxiety may partially explain the adverse effects of certain personality traits, such as neuroticism, on postoperative outcomes. However, the relationship between personality traits, preoperative anxiety, and postoperative outcomes remains unclear. Interventions such as clinical evaluation, preoperative counseling, and management strategies can be of great value in identifying and resolving patients' anxiety and negative emotions to improve postoperative outcomes.
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Humans; Personality; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 36231463
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912162 -
Brain and Behavior Apr 2023The relationships between axis II personality disorders and the normative personality traits were explored in the context of current and pre-morbid personality...
BACKGROUND
The relationships between axis II personality disorders and the normative personality traits were explored in the context of current and pre-morbid personality assessment in Alzheimer's disease (AD).
METHODS
The study was conducted with four groups who were administered the NEO-FFI and the PDQ-4+, in the form of individual interview sessions. Current personality measure: consisting of 44 female participants (AD group) and, the control group, consisting of 80 female participants from the population at large. Pre-morbid personality measure: AD group informants (n = 40); control group informants (n = 42).
RESULTS
The results are in line with the literature review and provide new research data. By factorial discriminant analysis, the current and pre-morbid personality variables that differentiate AD from control groups are identified. The personality traits variables are the best discriminators such as low agreeableness, low openness to experience, and high neuroticism, suggesting that the maladaptive personality functioning can be described extending the range of psychopathology to a dimensional approach.
CONCLUSIONS
The study of personality variables seems to suggest, in their inclusion, the possibility to increase sensitivity toward an assessment in AD.
Topics: Humans; Female; Alzheimer Disease; Personality; Neuroticism; Psychopathology; Personality Inventory
PubMed: 36919197
DOI: 10.1002/brb3.2938 -
PloS One 2022The purposes of this study were to investigate differences in personality and competitive anxiety depending on types of sports and gender, and to determine the influence...
The purposes of this study were to investigate differences in personality and competitive anxiety depending on types of sports and gender, and to determine the influence of personality on competitive anxiety. Participants included 237 athletes (134 men and 103 women) who participated in the Thailand University Games, 2020. They were classified as individual (n = 114) and team (n = 123) athletes. Personality characteristics and competitive anxiety were assessed by using NEO five-factor inventory and sport competitive anxiety test. Differences between individual and team athletes and between gender were tested by using independent t-test. Relationships between personality and competitive anxiety were analyzed by using Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Moreover, multiple regression analysis was used to measure the contributions of personality on competitive anxiety. The results showed that competitive anxiety was significant difference between individual and team athletes (p = 0.03, d = 0.28). However, there was no difference in personality between groups. When compared between gender, there were significant differences in competitive anxiety (p < 0.001, d = 0.52) and the agreeableness (p = 0.04, d = -0.26) component of personality between female and male athletes. From the correlation analyzes, four characteristics of personality showed significant associations with competitive anxiety including neuroticism (r = -0.472, ρ < 0.001), extraversion (r = 0.184, ρ = 0.005), agreeableness (r = 0.147, ρ = 0.024), and conscientiousness (r = 0.202, ρ = 0.002). Among five personality factors, the neuroticism had minimally negative effect on competitive anxiety (β = -0.52) with percentage of prediction of 22%. These can be concluded that types of sport and gender are the important factors affecting personality and competitive anxiety. The athletes with certain personality traits were more susceptible to competitive anxiety. Importantly, the neuroticism could serve as a prediction of the competitive anxiety in all collegiate athletes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Athletes; Competitive Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Performance Anxiety; Personality; Personality Inventory; Sex Factors; Sports; Thailand; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 35030214
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262486 -
Acta Psychologica May 2024This study explored demographic, ideological, self-rating and personality traits correlates of the Dark Tetrad (DT4) which measures Narcissism (Special),...
This study explored demographic, ideological, self-rating and personality traits correlates of the Dark Tetrad (DT4) which measures Narcissism (Special), Machiavellianism (Crafty), Psychopathy (Wild), and Sadism (Mean) traits. In total, 447 adults completed three tests: a bright-side, work-related, personality test (HPTI: High Performance Type Indicator), a dark-side test (Short Dark Tetrad) and a number of self-ratings. Correlations and regressions showed that all four dark traits were associated with low Adjustment (Neuroticism), but also with high Risk-Taking and Competitiveness (low Agreeableness). The various measures accounted for a third of the variance in explaining the Mean (Sadistic) score, and 40 % for Special (Narcissism). Trait Competitiveness was most closely associated with all four dark traits.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Machiavellianism; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Sadism; Cognition; Neuroticism; Personality
PubMed: 38502994
DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104222 -
Journal of Aging and Health Mar 2021Five-factor model (FFM) personality traits, including higher conscientiousness and lower neuroticism, are associated with lower risk of dementia and cognitive...
Five-factor model (FFM) personality traits, including higher conscientiousness and lower neuroticism, are associated with lower risk of dementia and cognitive impairment. In this research, we test whether retirement status moderates and/or mediates the relation between personality and cognitive impairment. We used data from the Health and Retirement Study ( = 9899), a longitudinal study of Americans over the age of 50 years, to examine moderating and mediating associations between personality traits and retirement status on risk of dementia and cognitive impairment not dementia (CIND) over an 8-10 year follow-up. Personality and retirement each had strong, independent associations with risk of dementia and CIND. There were not, however, strong or consistent, moderating or mediating associations between personality and retirement predicting impairment risk. Overall, these results indicate that personality and retirement are independent risk factors for incident cognitive impairment. Mechanisms other than retirement are likely to explain this association.
Topics: Cognitive Dysfunction; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Personality; Personality Inventory; Retirement
PubMed: 33100104
DOI: 10.1177/0898264320969080