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Biomolecules Jan 2021The use of remedies based on medicinal plants continues to expand rapidly around the world, with many people now resorting to this type of product for the treatment and...
The use of remedies based on medicinal plants continues to expand rapidly around the world, with many people now resorting to this type of product for the treatment and prevention of several pathologies [...].
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Mice; Pharmacology; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 33466709
DOI: 10.3390/biom11010101 -
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics Apr 2020In the last few years, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence have seen a new wave of publicity fueled by the huge and ever-increasing amount of data and... (Review)
Review
In the last few years, machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence have seen a new wave of publicity fueled by the huge and ever-increasing amount of data and computational power as well as the discovery of improved learning algorithms. However, the idea of a computer learning some abstract concept from data and applying them to yet unseen situations is not new and has been around at least since the 1950s. Many of these basic principles are very familiar to the pharmacometrics and clinical pharmacology community. In this paper, we want to introduce the foundational ideas of ML to this community such that readers obtain the essential tools they need to understand publications on the topic. Although we will not go into the very details and theoretical background, we aim to point readers to relevant literature and put applications of ML in molecular biology as well as the fields of pharmacometrics and clinical pharmacology into perspective.
Topics: Cluster Analysis; Humans; Machine Learning; Models, Theoretical; Pharmacology, Clinical
PubMed: 32128792
DOI: 10.1002/cpt.1796 -
Lakartidningen Feb 2018Substantial differences in valuation of lifestyle-related knowledge at Swedish medical schools Lifestyle factors are crucial for prevention and management of many...
Substantial differences in valuation of lifestyle-related knowledge at Swedish medical schools Lifestyle factors are crucial for prevention and management of many non-communicable diseases such as hypertension, stroke, diabetes, coronary heart disease and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Lifestyle medicine is included in national learning outcomes for undergraduate medical education in Sweden. Since assessment drives learning, we reviewed questions from 124 written examinations from all 7 medical schools in Sweden, conducted between 2012 and 2015. There is up to a 5-fold difference between different universities in the weight attached to lifestyle-related knowledge compared to knowledge related to pharmacological treatments.
Topics: Academic Performance; Education, Medical, Undergraduate; Educational Measurement; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Life Style; Pharmacology; Preventive Medicine; Sweden
PubMed: 29437200
DOI: No ID Found -
Molecular Pharmaceutics Mar 2018
Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Drug Discovery; Humans; Metabolic Engineering; Pharmacology; Proteomics
PubMed: 29502427
DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00067 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology Jun 2019Pharmacology principles provide key understanding that underpins the clinical and research roles of nuclear medicine practitioners in nuclear cardiology. The scope of... (Review)
Review
Pharmacology principles provide key understanding that underpins the clinical and research roles of nuclear medicine practitioners in nuclear cardiology. The scope of practice of the nuclear medicine technologist demands knowledge and understanding of indications, contraindications, warnings, precautions, proper use, drug interactions, and adverse reactions for each medication to be used. This article is the fifth in a series of articles that aims to enhance the understanding of pharmacologic principles relevant to nuclear medicine. This article will build on the introductory concepts, terminology, and principles of pharmacology explored in the first 2 articles in the series. Specifically, this article will focus on the pharmacologic principles and complex relationship associated with interventional, adjunctive, and cessation medications in nuclear cardiology. Future articles will address the pharmacology related to the emergency crash cart and contrast medium associated with CT and MRI.
Topics: Cardiology; Humans; Nuclear Medicine; Pharmacology; Stress, Physiological
PubMed: 30770476
DOI: 10.2967/jnmt.118.219675 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020Thanks to the progress made in chemical technology (particularly in the methodologies of stereoselective syntheses and analyses) along with regulatory measures, the... (Review)
Review
Thanks to the progress made in chemical technology (particularly in the methodologies of stereoselective syntheses and analyses) along with regulatory measures, the number of new chiral drugs registered in the form of pure enantiomers has increased over the past decade. In addition, the pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of the individual enantiomers of already-introduced racemic drugs are being re-examined. The use of the pure enantiomer of a drug that has been used to date in the form of a racemate is called a "chiral switch". A re-examination of the properties of the pure enantiomers of racemates has taken place for local anesthetics, which represent a group of drugs which have long been used. Differences in () and ()-enantiomers were found in terms of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic activity as well as in toxicity. Levobupivacaine and robivacaine were introduced into practice as pure ()-(-)-enantiomers, exhibiting more favorable properties than their ()-(+)-stereoisomers or racemates. This overview focuses on the influence of chirality on the pharmacological and toxicological activity of local anesthetics as well as on individual HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods used for enantioseparation and the pharmacokinetic study of individual local anesthetics with a chiral center.
Topics: Anesthetics, Local; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Levobupivacaine; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 32545678
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25122738 -
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology &... Jan 2022
Topics: Animals; Humans; Pharmacology; Translational Research, Biomedical
PubMed: 34821053
DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13693 -
Acta Medica Iranica Mar 2017Personalized medicine aims is to supply the proper drug to the proper patient within the right dose. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is to recognize genetic variants that may... (Review)
Review
Personalized medicine aims is to supply the proper drug to the proper patient within the right dose. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) is to recognize genetic variants that may influence drug efficacy and toxicity. All things considered, the fields cover a wide area, including basic drug discovery researches, the genetic origin of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, novel drug improvement, patient genetic assessment and clinical patient administration. At last, the objective of Pharmacogenomics is to anticipate a patient's genetic response to a particular drug as a way of presenting the best possible medical treatment. By predicting the drug response of an individual, it will be possible to increase the success of therapies and decrease the incidence of adverse side effect.
Topics: Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Discovery; Drug Labeling; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Precision Medicine
PubMed: 28282716
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Medica de Chile Apr 2017Pharmacogenomics is an emergent field aimed at tailoring pharmacological therapy. Genetic polymorphisms can modify the expression and function of enzymes and proteins... (Review)
Review
Pharmacogenomics is an emergent field aimed at tailoring pharmacological therapy. Genetic polymorphisms can modify the expression and function of enzymes and proteins involved in drug metabolism, affecting absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion as well as the drug-target interaction. Therefore, the presence of allelic variants will classify people as poor, extensive or rapid/ultra rapid metabolizers, modifying drug efficacy and safety. In this work, the state of art in relation to this discipline is presented and the genetic variants of enzymes that are involved in drug pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics are described. The effects of these variants on the therapeutic response to drugs used in our country are also discussed.
Topics: Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 28748996
DOI: 10.4067/S0034-98872017000400009 -
Biochemical Pharmacology May 2021
Topics: History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Laboratory Personnel; Pharmacology
PubMed: 33476573
DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114421