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Medicine Oct 2023Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develops from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, and is the most common malignancy of the head... (Review)
Review
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) develops from the mucosal epithelium of the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx, and is the most common malignancy of the head and neck, the incidence of which continues to rise. The epidermal growth factor receptor is thought to play a key role in the pathogenesis of HNSCC. Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor has been identified as an effective target for the treatment of HNSCC. Many phytochemicals have emerged as potential new drugs for the treatment of HNSCC. A systematic search was conducted for research articles published in PubMed, and Medline on relevant aspects. This review provides an overview of the available literature and reports highlighting the in vitro effects of phytochemicals on epidermal growth factor in various HNSCC cell models and in vivo in animal models and emphasizes the importance of epidermal growth factor as a current therapeutic target for HNSCC. Based on our review, we conclude that phytochemicals targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor are potentially effective candidates for the development of new drugs for the treatment of HNSCC. It provides an idea for further development and application of herbal medicines for cancer treatment.
Topics: Animals; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; ErbB Receptors; Epidermal Growth Factor; Phytochemicals; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37800790
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000034439 -
BMC Medical Imaging Sep 2023Artificial intelligence has been widely investigated for diagnosis and treatment strategy design, with some models proposed for detecting oral pharyngeal,...
PROBLEM
Artificial intelligence has been widely investigated for diagnosis and treatment strategy design, with some models proposed for detecting oral pharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, or laryngeal carcinoma. However, no comprehensive model has been established for these regions.
AIM
Our hypothesis was that a common pattern in the cancerous appearance of these regions could be recognized and integrated into a single model, thus improving the efficacy of deep learning models.
METHODS
We utilized a point-wise spatial attention network model to perform semantic segmentation in these regions.
RESULTS
Our study demonstrated an excellent outcome, with an average mIoU of 86.3%, and an average pixel accuracy of 96.3%.
CONCLUSION
The research confirmed that the mucosa of oral pharyngeal, nasopharyngeal, and laryngeal regions may share a common appearance, including the appearance of tumors, which can be recognized by a single artificial intelligence model. Therefore, a deep learning model could be constructed to effectively recognize these tumors.
Topics: Humans; Artificial Intelligence; Respiratory System; Carcinoma; Semantics
PubMed: 37749498
DOI: 10.1186/s12880-023-01076-5 -
BMC Cancer Apr 2024Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a common and heterogeneous malignancy of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Surgery and radio(chemo)therapy...
Partial recovery of peripheral blood monocyte subsets in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma patients upon radio(chemo)therapy is associated with decreased plasma CXCL11.
BACKGROUND
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents a common and heterogeneous malignancy of the oral cavity, pharynx and larynx. Surgery and radio(chemo)therapy are the standard treatment options and also have great influence on the composition of the tumor microenvironment and immune cell functions. However, the impact of radio(chemo)therapy on the distribution and characteristics of circulating monocyte subsets in HNSCC are not fully understood.
METHODS
Expression patterns of adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors CD11a (integrin-α L; LFA-1), CD11b (integrin-α M; Mac-1), CD11c (integrin-α X), CX3CR1 (CX3CL1 receptor) and checkpoint molecule PD-L1 (programmed cell death ligand-1) were investigated upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment using flow cytometry. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of plasma cytokines was performed before and after treatment using ELISA measurements.
RESULTS
Our data reveal a partial recovery of circulating monocytes in HNSCC patients upon radio(chemo)therapeutic treatment, with differential effects of the individual therapy regimen. PD-L1 expression on non-classical monocytes significantly correlates with the individual plasma levels of chemokine CXCL11 (C-X-C motif chemokine 11).
CONCLUSIONS
Further comprehensive investigations on larger patient cohorts are required to elucidate the meaningfulness of peripheral blood monocyte subsets and chemokine CXCL11 as potential bioliquid indicators in HNSCC with regard to therapy response and the individual immunological situation.
Topics: Humans; Monocytes; B7-H1 Antigen; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Chemokine CXCL11; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 38609887
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12177-x -
Otolaryngologia Polska = the Polish... May 2018Parapharyngeal space (PPS) is the anatomical area lateral to the upper pharynx and clinically important due to PPS tumors. They account for less than 1% of head and neck...
INTRODUCTION
Parapharyngeal space (PPS) is the anatomical area lateral to the upper pharynx and clinically important due to PPS tumors. They account for less than 1% of head and neck neoplasms. Both benign and malignant neoplasms may arise there and typical for this localization is diversity of histological origin. Complete surgical excision is still the basis of treatment.
AIM OF THE STUDY
Evaluation of the results of surgical treatment of PPS tumors in the Department of Otolaryngology at the Medical University over the period 2015-2017.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A retrospective analysis of medical records including complaints, physical examination, results of imaging studies, surgical approach, postoperative complication and histopathological results in 22 patients with a diagnosis of a PPS tumors.
RESULTS
The most frequent complaints reported by the patients were: discomfort in the throat, dysphagia, hearing disorders and a palpable tumor on the neck. Asymptomatic course of the disease was demonstrated in 4 cases. All patients were treated surgically: 2 with transoral approach, 9 with transparotid-transcervical approach, 11 with transcervical approach. In most cases the tumor was removed radically. In 2 patients intracapsular tumor resection was performed. Based on histopathological examination the benign lesions dominated (18/22). In 4 cases malignant neoplasms were diagnosed: carcinoma ex pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and two cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The most common origin of PPS tumors was deep lobe of parotid gland and for this group 11 patients had diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma. Other diagnosis included: paraganglioma, neurofibroma, hemangioma, lymphangioma and rhabdomyoma. Postoperative complications occurred in 9 patients and presented as hoarseness and dysphagia due to paresis of the lower group of cranial nerves (IX, X, XII). Significant intraoperative bleeding during surgery occurred in 2 cases and ligation of the external carotid artery was necessary.
CONCLUSION
Due to the anatomical topography of PPS and its content with the essential vessels and the lower group of cranial nerves, the surgical treatment of pathology of this area is still a challenge for head and neck surgeons. The decrease of voice quality and impaired speech and swallowing should always be considered as complications post the surgical resection in PPS.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; Parotid Region; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharynx; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30190441
DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0012.0485 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Jul 2016Solitary splenic metastases are a rare occurrence, and the nasopharyngeal carcinoma represents one of the most uncommon primary sources. The present study aimed to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Solitary splenic metastases are a rare occurrence, and the nasopharyngeal carcinoma represents one of the most uncommon primary sources. The present study aimed to describe a rare case of a solitary single splenic metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to assess the number of cases of isolated nasopharyngeal carcinoma metastases to the spleen reported in the literature.
MAIN BODY
We describe the case of a 56-year-old man with a history of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and complete remission after chemo-radiotherapy. Three months after complete remission, positron emission tomography/computed tomography scan revealed a hypermetabolic splenic lesion without increased metabolic activity in other areas. After laparoscopic splenectomy, the pathology report confirmed a single splenic metastasis from undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type. The postoperative period was uneventful. We also performed a systematic review of the literature using MEDLINE and Google Scholar databases. All articles reporting cases of splenic metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma, with or without histologic confirmation, were evaluated. The literature search yielded 15 relevant articles, which were very heterogeneous in their aims and methods and described only 25 cases of splenic metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
CONCLUSION
The present review shows that solitary splenic metastases from nasopharyngeal carcinoma are a rare event, but it should be considered in patients presenting with splenic lesions at imaging and a history of primary or recurrent nasopharyngeal carcinoma. No evidence supports a negative impact of splenectomy in patients with solitary splenic metastasis from nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Topics: Biopsy; Carcinoma; Chemoradiotherapy; Herpesvirus 4, Human; Humans; Laparoscopy; Lymphatic Metastasis; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nasopharynx; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Staging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Rare Diseases; Splenectomy; Splenic Neoplasms; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 27422630
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-016-0941-2 -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is more common in men aged 40 to 59, and radiotherapy is an effective treatment. Nasopharyngeal lymphoma (NPL) is rare, and the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is more common in men aged 40 to 59, and radiotherapy is an effective treatment. Nasopharyngeal lymphoma (NPL) is rare, and the coexistence of nasopharyngeal mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) and NPC is even rarer. A collision tumor is a rare type of tumor that refers to two or more different tumors occurring in the same organ. No reports to date have described a collision tumor of NPC and MCL occurring within the same nasopharyngeal mass. We herein report the successful treatment of a unique case of synchronous coexistence of NPC and MCL occurring in the nasopharynx of a Chinese man.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 58-year-old man presented with a 5-month history of swallowing discomfort. Biopsy was performed under nasopharyngeal endoscopy, and histopathology revealed NPC. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed lesions in the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and tonsils, as well as enlarged lymph nodes in the parotid gland, posterior ear, and neck. This may be a synchronous dual primary tumor coexisting with NPC and NPL. Pathology consultation confirmed that the biopsy specimen of the nasopharynx was a collision tumor of NPC and MCL. Positron emission tomography computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed thickening of the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, which was considered NPC with lymphoma. The enlargement of the pharyngeal lymph ring and multiple hypermetabolic lymph nodes were evaluated as lymphoma infiltration. The patient received two courses of R-CHOP chemotherapy (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) followed by head and neck radiotherapy. At the time of this writing, he had remained alive without recurrence for 61 months since the initial treatment and was still undergoing follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
It is very important to correctly recognize collision tumors. Magnetic resonance imaging helps identify different components of collision tumors. Pathological examination helps to confirm the diagnosis. Histological examination reveals different components, and PET-CT can help determine the extent of the lesion. Dose-adjusted chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy may have promising herapeutic effects, but additional case studies are needed to confirm.
Topics: Male; Humans; Adult; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Nasopharynx
PubMed: 37718438
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03415-y -
Laryngo- Rhino- Otologie May 2024Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common malignancies in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Even in the age of the most modern drug treatment methods, radical... (Review)
Review
Squamous cell carcinomas are the most common malignancies in the oral cavity, pharynx, and larynx. Even in the age of the most modern drug treatment methods, radical resection of these tumors is and currently remains the therapeutic gold standard. The loss of anatomical structures associated with surgery inevitably increases the functional deficits caused by the tumor itself. In this context, the extent of functional deficits is largely determined by the extent of resection. Complete organ resections, such as glossectomy, complete palate resection, laryngectomy, or transverse pharyngo-laryngectomy, lead to severe functional deficits, such as swallowing disturbances with life-threatening aspiration and articulation disorders up to the inability to speak. With the help of plastic reconstructive surgery, the lost tissue can be replaced and the specific functions of the upper aerodigestive tract can be preserved or restored.In recent decades, reconstructive surgical procedures have developed enormously in the treatment of malignant tumors of the head and neck. In order to make optimal use of them, a comprehensive, interdisciplinary therapy concept is a prerequisite for positive oncological and functional outcome. In addition to general medical and social parameters, surgical parameters play a crucial role in the choice of the reconstruction method. The extent to which the surgical measures must be interdisciplinary depends on the localization of the defects in the head and neck region and on the type of replacement tissue required. Here, the expertise of plastic surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, and abdominal surgery comes into play in particular. The use of different tissues, the combination of different grafts and flaps, or the preforming of donor regions allow reconstructions far beyond the level of simply restoring surface integrity. The functional results and thus the quality of life of patients after surgical therapy of extensive tumors of the mentioned localizations depend decisively on the type of reconstruction. Therefore, in the following review, special emphasis 1 be placed on the choice of reconstruction method and reconstruction technique for tissue loss after resections of HNSCC.
Topics: Humans; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Interdisciplinary Communication; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Patient Care Team; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Intersectoral Collaboration
PubMed: 38697141
DOI: 10.1055/a-2181-9088 -
Anesthesiology Feb 2018
Review
Topics: Anesthesiology; Cicatrix; Endoscopy; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Necrosis; Pharynx; Respiratory Tract Fistula; Trachea
PubMed: 28837434
DOI: 10.1097/ALN.0000000000001858 -
Journal of Medical Case Reports Jun 2024This paper reports the first case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma clinically and radiologically masquerading as a head and neck paraganglioma. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This paper reports the first case of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma clinically and radiologically masquerading as a head and neck paraganglioma.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 66-year-old Sinhalese male with unilateral hearing impairment and 7th-12th (excluding 11th) cranial nerve palsies was diagnosed radiologically with a head and neck paraganglioma by magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, which revealed a hypointense and hyperintense punctate mass centered at the jugular fossa with intracranial extension. The ascending pharyngeal artery, recognized as the major feeder, was embolized by percutaneous embolization following digital subtraction angiography. Gross total resection of the tumor was followed by an uneventful postoperative recovery. Combined immunohistochemistry and histopathological morphology revealed a basaloid squamous cell carcinoma, following which the patient completed radiotherapy and is at 3-month follow-up currently.
CONCLUSION
This case report discusses the diagnostic pitfalls and management challenges of this rare entity on the basis of prior evidence, as well as a literature review and clinical and surgical analysis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Aged; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Paraganglioma; Diagnosis, Differential; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Embolization, Therapeutic; Angiography, Digital Subtraction
PubMed: 38858796
DOI: 10.1186/s13256-024-04601-4 -
Technology in Cancer Research &... 2020Lymph node density is a parameter used to more accurately predict tumor recurrence and patient survival. However, its association with surgical outcome in pyriform sinus...
BACKGROUND/AIM
Lymph node density is a parameter used to more accurately predict tumor recurrence and patient survival. However, its association with surgical outcome in pyriform sinus carcinoma remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to assess the prognostic value of lymph node density in advanced pyriform sinus carcinoma.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 87 patients with pyriform sinus carcinoma treated between 2008 and 2015 were enrolled. Then, 5-year overall survival, 5-year disease-specific survival, 5-year disease-free survival, and 5-year regional recurrence-free survival were utilized to assess the prognostic significance of lymph node density.
RESULTS
With a median follow-up period of 31.8 months, 5-year overall survival, disease-specific survival, disease-free survival, and regional recurrence-free survival were 37.9%, 46.0%, 41.4%, and 54.0%, respectively. Univariate analysis revealed that lymph node density ≥ 0.093 was a significant predictor of poor 5-year overall survival ( = .005), disease-specific survival ( = .008), disease-free survival ( = .0013), and regional recurrence-free survival ( = .003). Furthermore, multivariate analysis demonstrated that lymph node density was negatively associated with adverse 5-year overall survival (hazard ratio = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.15-2.29, = .006), disease-specific survival (hazard ratio = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.24-2.80, = .003), disease-free survival (hazard ratio = 0.45, 95% CI: 0.24-0.85, = .014), and regional recurrence-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.97, 95% CI: 1.43-6.17, = .004).
CONCLUSION
Taken together, these results reveal that lymph node density is a powerful prognostic factor for patients with T3 and T4 pyriform sinus carcinoma, and the median lymph node density cutoff values ≥ 0.093 are associated with a greater risk of recurrence and poorer survival.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Staging; Pyriform Sinus; ROC Curve
PubMed: 32875969
DOI: 10.1177/1533033820945806