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BMJ Case Reports Nov 2021
Topics: Carcinoma; Humans; Neck; Nose; Otolaryngology; Pharynx; Tongue
PubMed: 34848427
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246740 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2021
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Humans; Neck; Nose; Pharynx
PubMed: 33958359
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241069 -
Technology in Cancer Research &... 2020This preliminary simulation study aimed to compare the dosimetric outcomes of carotid arteries (CAs) and pharyngeal constrictor muscle (PCM) in patients with T1N0M0...
BACKGROUND
This preliminary simulation study aimed to compare the dosimetric outcomes of carotid arteries (CAs) and pharyngeal constrictor muscle (PCM) in patients with T1N0M0 glottic carcinoma undergoing helical tomotherapy-intensity modulated radiotherapy (HT-IMRT) and 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) plans.
METHODS
In addition to the clinical target volume (CTV) which was defined as the entire larynx, the CAs and PCM of 11 glottic carcinoma patients were delineated. The CTV was uniformly expanded 5 mm to create a planning target volume (PTV) relative to the PCM and at a distance of 2 mm from the CA. The dosimetric characteristics in HT-IMRT and lateral opposed fields-based 3D-CRT plans were analyzed.
RESULTS
Median Dand V of PTV were significantly higher in HT-IMRT (p < 0.001) compared to 3D-CRT. The right/left CA dosimetric outcomes, including the mean doses (20.7/21.5 Gy versus 48.7/50.5 Gy), D (53.6/52.0 Gy versus 67.4/67.7 Gy), V (25.0/27.1% versus 77.6/80.3%), V (8.0/7.9% versus 74.6/71.9%), and V (2.0/1.2% versus 70.0/71.6%) were also significantly lower in HT-IMRT (p < 0.05), similar to the mean PCM doses (49.6 Gy versus 62.6 Gy for 3D-CRT;p < 0.001), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
Our present results demonstrated the feasibility of simultaneous sparing of the CAs and PCM in HT-IMRT- compared to 3D-CRT plans in glottic carcinoma patients undergoing definitive radiotherapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Carotid Arteries; Computer Simulation; Female; Glottis; Humans; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Organ Sparing Treatments; Pharyngeal Muscles; Radiotherapy Dosage; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted; Radiotherapy, Conformal; Radiotherapy, Image-Guided; Radiotherapy, Intensity-Modulated; Young Adult
PubMed: 33034277
DOI: 10.1177/1533033820956989 -
Head & Neck Oct 2022This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence and prognostic impact of retropharyngeal lymph node metastases (RLNMs) in oropharyngeal squamous... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to estimate the prevalence and prognostic impact of retropharyngeal lymph node metastases (RLNMs) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC).
METHODS
This meta-analysis was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines.
INCLUSION CRITERIA
studies with more than 20 patients reporting the prevalence or prognostic impact of RLNMs in OPSCC. Whenever available, data on HPV status and subsites were extracted.
RESULTS
Twenty-two articles were included. The overall prevalence of RLNMs in OPSCC was 13%, with no significant differences depending on HPV status. The highest prevalence was observed for posterior pharyngeal wall SCC (24%), followed by soft palate (17%), palatine tonsil (15%), and base of tongue (8%). RLNMs were associated with a significantly higher risk of death (HR:2.54;IC95%1.89-3.41) and progression (HR:2.44;IC95%1.80-3.30).
CONCLUSIONS
The prevalence of RLNMs in OPSCC was 13%, being higher in tumors of the posterior pharyngeal wall. RLNMs were associated with unfavorable outcomes.
Topics: Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Lymph Nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Oropharyngeal Neoplasms; Papillomavirus Infections; Prevalence; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 35913029
DOI: 10.1002/hed.27166 -
Oral Oncology Dec 2021Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most common salivary gland malignancies. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic impact of primary tumor site in patients...
UNLABELLED
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) is one of the most common salivary gland malignancies. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic impact of primary tumor site in patients with MEC.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
This cohort identified 308 patients with MEC who underwent primary surgery between 1985 and 2015. Survival outcomes were determined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Hazard ratios for primary site were determined using the Cox proportional-hazards model.
RESULTS
One hundred eighty (58%) patients were diagnosed with minor and 128 (42%) with major salivary gland cancer. Primary site in the minor salivary gland group included 137 (44%) oral cavity, 38 (12%) pharynx, 3 (0.9%) nasal cavity, and 2 (0.6%) trachea and larynx. The major salivary gland group included 118 (38%) parotid, 8 (3%) submandibular, and 2 (0.6%) sublingual. With a median follow-up of 73 months, 5-year overall survival and disease-specific survival were 84% and 91%, respectively. Patients with tumors located in the hard palate and retromolar trigone had the best survival, while patients with tumors located in the paranasal sinuses and submandibular gland had the poorest survival. After controlling for tumor grade and stage, MEC primary site was not predictive of survival or recurrence. On multivariate analysis, worse DSS was associated with stage III-IV tumors (HR: 7,11; 95% CI: 1.19-26.43; p = 0.0034) and high-grade tumors (HR: 19.12; 95% CI: 2.26-162.77; p = 0.0068).
CONCLUSIONS
While high grade and advanced overall stage were found to be independent predictors of worse survival, primary tumor site was not predictive of poor outcome.
Topics: Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid; Humans; Neoplasm Staging; Prognosis; Retrospective Studies; Salivary Gland Neoplasms; Survival Rate
PubMed: 34768210
DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2021.105602 -
Genetics Research 2022It is generally believed that the majority of head and neck cancers develop in the mucosal epithelial cells of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx, which is collectively...
It is generally believed that the majority of head and neck cancers develop in the mucosal epithelial cells of the mouth, pharynx, and larynx, which is collectively known as head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC). As a complex pathological process, HNSC develops through a variety of cellular and molecular events. Cancerous cells and immune cells infiltrating tumors are the main components of the tumor microenvironment. However, infiltration of HNSCs by the immune system has not been determined to date. In this work, we proposed computational algorithms to identify different immune subtypes. An analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database revealed gene expression profiles and corresponding clinical information. In HNSC patients, two immune-related genes (ZAP70 and IGKV2D-40) may be targets for immunotherapy, and these genes appear to be closely related to the prognosis. Several immunological subtypes were associated with immune function, immune checkpoints, and prognostic factors in HNSCs. Furthermore, ZAP70 is closely related to the overall survival (OS), progress-free interval (PFI), and disease-specific survival (DSS) of HNSC patients. The potential pathways that are associated with ZAP70 were found to have included adaptive immune response, response to oxidative stress, DNA replication, and lipid binding. This study provides a theoretical foundation for developing immunotherapy drugs for HNSC patients. By evaluating larger cohorts, we can gain a deeper understanding of immunotherapy and provide direction for current research on immunotherapy strategies in HNSCs.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Epithelial Cells; Prognosis; Algorithms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment; Biomarkers, Tumor
PubMed: 36636556
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6880760 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology May 2020This study evaluated the treatment outcomes of the primary surgery (PS) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as the initial treatment for hypopharyngeal squamous cell... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
This study evaluated the treatment outcomes of the primary surgery (PS) or concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) as the initial treatment for hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HPSCC).
METHODS
This retrospective cohort study included patients with stages III-IV HPSCC from four tertiary referral centers consecutively enrolled from 2003 to 2012; of them, 213 (32.6%) and 439 (67.4%) had received PS and CCRT as their primary treatments, respectively. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox regression models.
RESULTS
In patients undergoing PS and CCRT, OS rates were 45.0% and 33.1% (p < 0.001), respectively, and DFS rates were 36.2% and 28.9% (p = 0.003), respectively. In subgroup analysis, in patients with stage IVA HPSCC, PS was associated with higher OS rate (p = 0.002), particularly in those with T4 or N2 classification (p = 0.021 and 0.002, respectively). Multivariate analysis indicated that stage IVA HPSCC, stage IVB HPSCC, and CCRT were independent adverse prognostic factors for OS rate (p = 0.004, < 0.001, and 0.014, respectively). Furthermore, in patients with stage IVA HPSCC aged ≥ 65 years and with N2 classification, CCRT was significantly associated with lower OS rates than was PS (p = 0.027 and 0.010, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
In patients with advanced HPSCC, PS was significantly associated with better prognosis than CCRT. PS could be a favorable primary treatment modality for the management of patients with stage IVA HPSCC, particularly those aged ≥ 65 years and with T4 and N2 classification.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Chemoradiotherapy; Clinical Decision-Making; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Humans; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms; Hypopharynx; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Patient Selection; Pharyngectomy; Retrospective Studies; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck
PubMed: 32357934
DOI: 10.1186/s12957-020-01866-z -
Factors Influencing Postoperative Prognosis in Patients with Hypopharyngeal and Laryngeal Carcinoma.Ear, Nose, & Throat Journal Dec 2023Despite the increasingly modern surgical techniques in the oncology field, the factors that influence postoperative prognosis in patients with hypopharyngeal and...
OBJECTIVES
Despite the increasingly modern surgical techniques in the oncology field, the factors that influence postoperative prognosis in patients with hypopharyngeal and laryngeal carcinoma (HLC) remain unclear. The study aimed to evaluate the factors influencing the prognosis of HLC patients with pathological diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma, and the findings are intended to direct follow-up management strategies.
METHODS
A retrospective cohort study was performed. The study population included 407 postoperative patients with HLC from 2011 to 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyses were used to examine the prognostic factors identified.
RESULTS
Based on univariate analysis results, smoking and alcohol history, tumor differentiation, preoperative radiotherapy, primary tumor sites, flap reconstruction, lymph node invasion (LNI), and preoperative albumin levels (PAL) significantly affects the prognosis of HLC patients ( < .05). Meanwhile, multivariate analysis revealed that smoking pack-year (OR = 1.002, 95% CI = 1.001 ∼ 1.003), primary tumor sites (OR = 6.241, 95% CI = 1.715 ∼ 18.433), LNI (OR = 2.869, 95% CI = 1.095 ∼ 8.743), and PAL (OR = .020, 95% CI .004 ∼ 0.104) were associated with complications. Tumor differentiation (OR = 0.650, 95% CI = .383 ∼ 0.855), primary tumor sites (OR = 12.392, 95% CI = 3.290 ∼ 26.679), LNI (OR = 16.323, 95% CI = 2.726 ∼ 47.729), preoperative radiotherapy (OR = 9.300, 95% CI = 3.182 ∼ 27.181), and PAL (OR = .321, 95% CI .141 ∼ .732) were associated with overall survival rates.
CONCLUSION
Smoking and alcohol history, tumor differentiation, LNI, primary tumor sites, flap reconstruction, PAL, and preoperative radiotherapy are crucial factors that influence the postoperative prognosis of patients with HLC. In addition, a monogram of five factors was established to predict the survival rates of HLC patients.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Prognosis; Hypopharynx; Laryngeal Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Hypopharyngeal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36427261
DOI: 10.1177/01455613221142120 -
The Pan African Medical Journal 2020Carcinoma of the thyroid gland is one of the most commonly encountered endocrine malignancies. Papillary carcinoma is the most common histological type and its pattern...
Carcinoma of the thyroid gland is one of the most commonly encountered endocrine malignancies. Papillary carcinoma is the most common histological type and its pattern of metastasis are usually lymphatic. Lymphatic metastasis to parapharyngeal space is rare and have been reported, so we report the case of a 50-year-old male patient who had an occult papillary carcinoma of the thyroid presented as right lateral node of the neck and a nodal involvement of the right parapharyngeal space.
Topics: Carcinoma, Papillary; Humans; Lymphatic Metastasis; Male; Middle Aged; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Thyroid Neoplasms
PubMed: 33062120
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.37.18.22933 -
Cancer Reports (Hoboken, N.J.) Nov 2023Head and neck cancer (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers, affecting multiple regions such as oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and nasal region, each showing a... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Head and neck cancer (HNSCC) is a heterogeneous group of cancers, affecting multiple regions such as oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, and nasal region, each showing a distinct molecular profile. HNSCC accounts for more than 6 million cases worldwide, soaring mainly in the developing countries.
RECENT FINDINGS
The aetiology of HNSCC is complex and multifactorial, involving both genetic and environmental factors. The critical role of microbiome, which includes bacteria, viruses, and fungi, is under spotlight due to the recent reports on their contribution in the development and progression of HNSCC. This review focuses on the effect of opportunistic pathogens on the host genome and epigenome, which contributes to the disease progression. Drawing parallels from the host-pathogen interactions observed in other tumour types arising from the epithelial tissue such as colorectal cancer, the review also calls attention to the potential explorations of the role of pathogens in HNSCC biology and discusses the clinical implications of microbiome research in detection and treatment of HNSCC.
CONCLUSION
Our understanding of the genomic effects of the microbes on the disease progression and the mechanistic insights of the host-pathogen interaction will pave way to novel treatment and preventive approaches in HNSCC.
Topics: Humans; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Epigenome; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Disease Progression
PubMed: 37322598
DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1846