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The British Journal of Radiology Sep 2023The pharynx plays a significant role in swallowing and speech, and this is reflected in both its complex anatomy and degree of physiological motility. Patients who... (Review)
Review
The pharynx plays a significant role in swallowing and speech, and this is reflected in both its complex anatomy and degree of physiological motility. Patients who present with pharynx-related symptoms such as sore throat, globus, dysphagia or dysphonia will usually undergo visual and nasal endoscopic examination in the first instance. Imaging is frequently required to supplement clinical assessment and this typically involves MRI and CT. However, fluoroscopy, ultrasound and radionuclide imaging are valuable in certain clinical situations. The aforementioned complexity of the pharynx and the myriad of pathologies which may arise within it often make radiological evaluation challenging. In this pictorial review, we aim to provide a brief overview of cross-sectional pharyngeal anatomy and present the radiological features of a variety of pharyngeal pathologies, both benign and malignant.
Topics: Humans; Pharynx; Cross-Sectional Studies; Deglutition Disorders; Deglutition; Fluoroscopy
PubMed: 37334795
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20230046 -
European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology,... Apr 2019Based on a review of the medical literature, the authors document the key technical points, variants, technical errors to avoid and main functional results of lateral...
Based on a review of the medical literature, the authors document the key technical points, variants, technical errors to avoid and main functional results of lateral pharyngotomy for resection of cancers originating from the lateral oro and/or hypopharynx.
Topics: Anatomic Landmarks; Humans; Medical Illustration; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Pharynx
PubMed: 30482706
DOI: 10.1016/j.anorl.2018.10.011 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Mar 2019
Topics: Humans; Neck; Pharynx
PubMed: 30864537
DOI: No ID Found -
European Archives of... Jun 2024To discuss the different swallowing improvement surgeries that address one or more dysfunctional pharyngolaryngeal structures causing dysphagia. These surgeries reduce... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To discuss the different swallowing improvement surgeries that address one or more dysfunctional pharyngolaryngeal structures causing dysphagia. These surgeries reduce the risk of aspiration without sacrificing vocal function.
METHODS
We searched the PubMed database and used Google Scholar search engine to find studies discussing the different swallowing improvement surgeries. A manual search of references in selected articles and reviews was done as well. No chronologic limitation was set for the studies; however, only articles written in English and Japanese were considered. Due to the nature of this article, no particular inclusion or exclusion criteria were set when searching for studies to be used as references; however, all relevant studies were reviewed and agreed upon by the authors for inclusion in this review article.
RESULTS/DISCUSSION
Surgeries to improve swallowing function can be categorized into those that reinforce nasopharyngeal closure or pharyngeal contraction, improve laryngeal elevation or pharyngoesophageal segment opening, and those that improve vocal fold closure to protect the airway during swallowing. They are an effective alternative treatment that may significantly improve these patients' quality of life. Swallowing rehabilitation with the altered pharyngolaryngeal structures is required post-operatively to significantly improve patients' dysphagia.
CONCLUSIONS
Surgeries to improve swallowing function address specific dysfunctional sites involved in the swallowing mechanism. Choosing the most appropriate surgery for each patient requires knowledge of the pathophysiology for their dysphagia and detailed pre-operative work-up.
Topics: Humans; Deglutition; Deglutition Disorders; Larynx; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures; Pharynx
PubMed: 38265461
DOI: 10.1007/s00405-024-08452-z -
The New England Journal of Medicine Mar 2019
Topics: Child; Female; Fever; Humans; Pharyngitis; Pharynx; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus pyogenes
PubMed: 30855746
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1810556 -
Acta Clinica Croatica Jun 2019The whole human body receives rich sensory innervation with only one exception and that is the brain tissue. The orofacial region is hence no exception. The head region... (Review)
Review
The whole human body receives rich sensory innervation with only one exception and that is the brain tissue. The orofacial region is hence no exception. The head region consequently receives a rich network of sensory nerves making it special because the two types of sensory fibres, visceral and somatic overlap, especially in the pharynx. Also, different pain syndromes that affect this region are rather specific in comparison to their presentation in other body regions. With this review article we wanted to show the detailed anatomy of the peripheral sensory pathways, because of its importance in everyday body functions (eating, drinking, speech) as well as the importance it has in pathological conditions (pain syndromes), in diagnostics and regional analgesia and anaesthesia.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Face; Glossopharyngeal Nerve; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Pharynx; Trigeminal Nerve; Vagus Nerve
PubMed: 31741557
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2019.58.s1.05 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jul 2021
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Ceftriaxone; Emergency Service, Hospital; Gonorrhea; Humans; Male; Neisseria gonorrhoeae; Pharynx; Polymerase Chain Reaction
PubMed: 34312175
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.202183-f -
Indian Pediatrics Apr 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Hypertrichosis; Pharynx; Cervix Uteri
PubMed: 37002853
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging :... Jan 2016Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) is being increasingly used for speech and vocal production research studies. Several imaging protocols have emerged based... (Review)
Review
Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (RT-MRI) is being increasingly used for speech and vocal production research studies. Several imaging protocols have emerged based on advances in RT-MRI acquisition, reconstruction, and audio-processing methods. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art, discusses technical considerations, and provides specific guidance for new groups entering this field. We provide recommendations for performing RT-MRI of the upper airway. This is a consensus statement stemming from the ISMRM-endorsed Speech MRI summit held in Los Angeles, February 2014. A major unmet need identified at the summit was the need for consensus on protocols that can be easily adapted by researchers equipped with conventional MRI systems. To this end, we provide a discussion of tradeoffs in RT-MRI in terms of acquisition requirements, a priori assumptions, artifacts, computational load, and performance for different speech tasks. We provide four recommended protocols and identify appropriate acquisition and reconstruction tools. We list pointers to open-source software that facilitate implementation. We conclude by discussing current open challenges in the methodological aspects of RT-MRI of speech.
Topics: Computer Systems; Humans; Larynx; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Pharynx; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Speech; Speech Disorders; Speech Production Measurement; United States
PubMed: 26174802
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.24997 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Sep 2022
Topics: Humans; Pharynx
PubMed: 36205162
DOI: No ID Found