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Annals of Palliative Medicine Jul 2021Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare, fulminant, lethal soft-tissue infection result in fascial necrosis, it is rarer in the head and neck area. Infection caused by...
Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a rare, fulminant, lethal soft-tissue infection result in fascial necrosis, it is rarer in the head and neck area. Infection caused by Klebsiella oxytoca is much less common. Therefore, we reported a case of NF in the maxillofacial region, neck and upper mediastinum caused by Klebsiella oxytoca as the main cause recently treated in our department. The patient is a middle-aged male with a 10-year history of diabetes with unstable insulin control. The main symptoms were pain on left side with dysphagia and fever and the situation was getting worse. The patient had limited ability to have mouth open and had hyperemia, swelling on the left pharynx, maxillofacial area, and upper left neck and skin tenderness, and all symptoms were getting worse quick. The CT mainly found out that left oropharyngeal wall, parotid gland area, bilateral submaxilla, left neck, and superior mediastinum are swelling with gas. The blood test result: leukocytes count 16.64×109/L, neutrophils percentage 85.8%; C-Pr 320 mg/L; urinary routine: urine glucose (+++++), ketone bodies (+++++); fasting glucose metabolism: glucose 21.33 mmol/L, glycosylated albumin 47.67%. Three incisions of facial and neck were performed to drain pus. Result of bacteria culture: Klebsiella oxytoca and Streptococcus constellatus During treatment of DKA and reduce patient glucose level, we also treated patient with neck and trachea incisions to drain pus and cleaned daily wound area and used different antibiotics according to the bacteria culture and CT results. And finally, the patient was cured and discharged from hospital. This case of NF was very rare not only the bacteria in this case but also the pathological changes related (involving the mediastinum). The report of his diagnosis and treatment can provide experience for future treatments.
Topics: Fasciitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Klebsiella oxytoca; Male; Mediastinum; Middle Aged; Neck; Streptococcus constellatus
PubMed: 33977729
DOI: 10.21037/apm-20-2427 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), known as CD54, is a transmembrane cell surface glycoprotein that interacts with two integrins (i.e., LFA-1 and Mac-l)...
Molecular Characterization and Expression Analysis of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) Genes in Rainbow Trout () in Response to Viral, Bacterial and Parasitic Challenge.
The intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), known as CD54, is a transmembrane cell surface glycoprotein that interacts with two integrins (i.e., LFA-1 and Mac-l) important for trans-endothelial migration of leukocytes. The level of ICAM-1 expression is upregulated in response to some inflammatory stimulations, including pathogen infection and proinflammatory cytokines. Yet, to date, our knowledge regarding the functional role of ICAM-1 in teleost fish remains largely unknown. In this study, we cloned and characterized the sequence of ICAM-1 in rainbow trout () for the first time, which exhibited that the molecular features of ICAM-1 in fishes were relatively conserved compared with human ICAM-1. The transcriptional level of ICAM-1 was detected in 12 different tissues, and we found high expression of this gene in the head kidney, spleen, gills, skin, nose, and pharynx. Moreover, upon stimulation with infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV), G (), and (Ich) in rainbow trout, the morphological changes were observed in the skin and gills, and enhanced expression of ICAM-1 mRNA was detected both in the systemic and mucosal tissues. These results indicate that ICAM-1 may be implicated in the mucosal immune responses to viral, bacterial, and parasitic infections in teleost fish, meaning that ICAM-1 emerges as a master regulator of mucosal immune responses against pathogen infections in teleost fish.
Topics: Animals; Ciliophora Infections; Fish Diseases; Fish Proteins; Flavobacteriaceae Infections; Flavobacterium; Gene Expression Regulation; Hymenostomatida; Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Rhabdoviridae Infections
PubMed: 34489953
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704224 -
EBioMedicine Mar 2020Human immunology research is often limited to peripheral blood. However, there are important differences between blood immune cells and their counterparts residing in...
BACKGROUND
Human immunology research is often limited to peripheral blood. However, there are important differences between blood immune cells and their counterparts residing in secondary lymphoid organs, such as in the case of germinal center (GC) T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and GC B cells.
METHODS
We developed a versatile ex vivo lymphoid organ culture platform that is based on human pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids) and allows for drug testing. We systematically phenotyped Tfh and GC B cell subsets in explant- and suspension cultures using multicolor flow cytometry and cytokine multiplex analysis.
FINDINGS
Phenotypic changes of certain ex vivo cultured immune cell subsets could be modulated by cytokine addition. Furthermore, we optimized an activation-induced marker assay to evaluate the response to T cell stimulation. We provide proof-of-concept that Tfh and GC B cells could be modulated in these cultures by different anti-inflammatory drugs in unstimulated states and upon activation with vaccine-derived antigens. For example, GC B cells were lost upon CD40L blockade, and clinically approved JAK inhibitors impacted Tfh and GC B cells, including down-regulation of their key transcription factor BCL6. BCL6 regulation was affected by IL-6 signaling in T cells and IL-4 in B cells, respectively. Furthermore, we demonstrated that JAK signaling and TNF signaling contributed to the stimulation-induced activation of tonsil-derived T cells.
INTERPRETATION
Our optimized methods, assays, and mechanistic findings can contribute to a better understanding of human GC responses. These insights may be relevant for improving autoimmune disease therapy and vaccination efficacy.
FUNDING
This work was supported by a project grant under the joint research cooperation agreement of LMU Munich, LMU University Hospital, and Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, as well as by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) - Emmy Noether Programme BA 5132/1-1 and BA 5132/1-2 (252623821), SFB 1054 Project B12 (210592381), and SFB 914 Project B03 (165054336).
Topics: Adenoids; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; B-Lymphocytes; Cells, Cultured; Child; Child, Preschool; Germinal Center; Humans; Immunophenotyping; Interleukins; Janus Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-6; T Follicular Helper Cells; Tissue Culture Techniques; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 32114393
DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102684 -
Oncotarget Jan 2016Human blood dendritic cells (DCs) include three main distinct subsets, namely the CD1c+ and CD141+ myeloid DCs (mDCs) and the CD303+ plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). More...
Human blood dendritic cells (DCs) include three main distinct subsets, namely the CD1c+ and CD141+ myeloid DCs (mDCs) and the CD303+ plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs). More recently, a population of slan/M-DC8+ cells, also known as "slanDCs", has been described in blood and detected even in inflamed secondary lymphoid organs and non-lymphoid tissues. Nevertheless, hallmarks of slan/M-DC8+ cells in tissues are poorly defined. Herein, we report a detailed characterization of the phenotype and function of slan/M-DC8+ cells present in human tonsils. We found that tonsil slan/M-DC8+ cells represent a unique DC cell population, distinct from their circulating counterpart and also from all other tonsil DC and monocyte/macrophage subsets. Phenotypically, slan/M-DC8+ cells in tonsils display a CD11c+HLA-DR+CD14+CD11bdim/negCD16dim/negCX3CR1dim/neg marker repertoire, while functionally they exhibit an efficient antigen presentation capacity and a constitutive secretion of TNFα. Notably, such DC phenotype and functions are substantially reproduced by culturing blood slan/M-DC8+ cells in tonsil-derived conditioned medium (TDCM), further supporting the hypothesis of a full DC-like differentiation program occurring within the tonsil microenvironment. Taken together, our data suggest that blood slan/M-DC8+ cells are immediate precursors of a previously unrecognizedcompetent DC subset in tonsils, and pave the way for further characterization of slan/M-DC8+ cells in other tissues.
Topics: Antigen Presentation; CD11 Antigens; CD11c Antigen; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; Cells, Cultured; Dendritic Cells; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Immunophenotyping; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Palatine Tonsil; Receptors, Chemokine; Receptors, IgG; T-Lymphocytes; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 26695549
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6660 -
Materia Socio-medica Feb 2016Acute intoxications with corrosive substances can cause severe chemical injuries of the upper gastrointestinal tract, most often located in the mouth, pharynx,...
INTRODUCTION
Acute intoxications with corrosive substances can cause severe chemical injuries of the upper gastrointestinal tract, most often located in the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach and duodenum. If a patient survives the acute phase of intoxication, regenerative response may result in esophageal and/or gastric stenosis, and increased risk of esophageal and gastric cancer. Such intoxication may be fatal due to perforation or tracheal necrosis. Enteral nutrition is a nutritional method when nutritional substances are administered through specially designed tubing placed through the nose or percutaneously, directly into the GIT.
AIM
The aim of this study is to describe the methods of artificial nutrition in patients with acute corrosive intoxications and the importance of nutritional support in the treatment of these intoxications.
DISCUSSION
Nutrition in the treatment of acute corrosive intoxications is one of the most important therapeutic processes that largely contribute to faster recovery of the post-corrosive injuries of upper GIT, stabilization of biologic, immunologic and metabolic parameters, and reduction of length of stay in hospital Aim of the treatment of acute corrosive intoxications is to prevent perforation and progressive fibrosis, and esophageal and gastric stenosis. There are different and often conflicting positions, on the conservative treatment of acute corrosive intoxications in adults. Such treatment mainly consists of anti-secretory treatment, antibiotics and intensive hyper-alimentation, aiming to prevent late post-corrosive intoxications.
CONCLUSION
It is considered that nutritional support plays a major role in maintenance of metabolic processes and prevention of severe metabolic complications that could additionally aggravate the condition and impair the treatment.
PubMed: 27047272
DOI: 10.5455/msm.2016.28.66-70 -
Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. :... May 2020The adaptive immune system of all jawed vertebrates relies on the presence of B and T cell lymphocytes that aggregate in specific body sites to form primary and...
The adaptive immune system of all jawed vertebrates relies on the presence of B and T cell lymphocytes that aggregate in specific body sites to form primary and secondary lymphoid structures. Secondary lymphoid organs include organized MALT (-MALT) such as the tonsils and Peyer patches. -MALT became progressively organized during vertebrate evolution, and the TNF superfamily of genes has been identified as essential for the formation and maintenance of -MALT and other secondary and tertiary lymphoid structures in mammals. Yet, the molecular drivers of -MALT structures found in ectotherms and birds remain essentially unknown. In this study, we provide evidence that TNFSFs, such as lymphotoxins, are likely not a universal mechanism to maintain -MALT structures in adulthood of teleost fish, sarcopterygian fish, or birds. Although a role for TNFSF2 (TNF-α) cannot be ruled out, transcriptomics suggest that maintenance of -MALT in nonmammalian vertebrates relies on expression of diverse genes with shared biological functions in neuronal signaling. Importantly, we identify that expression of many genes with olfactory function is a unique feature of mammalian Peyer patches but not the -MALT of birds or ectotherms. These results provide a new view of -MALT evolution in vertebrates and indicate that different genes with shared biological functions may have driven the formation of these lymphoid structures by a process of convergent evolution.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Biological Evolution; Immunity, Mucosal; Lymphoid Tissue; Mucous Membrane; Neural Conduction; Palatine Tonsil; Peyer's Patches; T-Lymphocytes; Transcriptome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Tumor Necrosis Factors; Vertebrates
PubMed: 32238457
DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901059 -
Comparative Clinical Pathology 2015Due to high monetary turnover in business, white pigeon keeping for game purposes is gaining more popularity in Punjab. Overcrowding and poor management by undertrained...
Due to high monetary turnover in business, white pigeon keeping for game purposes is gaining more popularity in Punjab. Overcrowding and poor management by undertrained naive farmers make these birds more susceptible to diseases not known so far in this region. A farmer reported that about a hundred pigeons were unable to feed properly and regurgitate feed. Birds lost body condition gradually, and three among these died. Both alive and dead pigeons were presented to the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC) for detailed examination. All these pigeons were found to be cachectic with wasting of breast muscles. On necropsy, no significant gross lesions were recorded in most of the visceral organs, except mottling of the liver. However, in the oral cavity, gray Turkish towel-like lesions were seen at the opening of the pharynx which continued into the larynx and proximal esophagus. Microscopic examination of material scrapped from lesions revealed a large number of budding yeast-like organisms and pseudohyphae, suggestive of spp. Histologically, marked necrosis and sloughing of oral and esophageal mucosal epithelium with the presence of pyogranulomatous inflammation containing a large number of organism were observed. To the authors' knowledge, there seems to be no outbreak of thrush in pigeons in Punjab previously.
PubMed: 25972775
DOI: 10.1007/s00580-014-1958-y -
PloS One 2017The therapeutic potential of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) prepared from human tonsillar tissue has been studied in animal models for several diseases...
The therapeutic potential of tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) prepared from human tonsillar tissue has been studied in animal models for several diseases such as hepatic injury, hypoparathyroidism, diabetes and muscle dystrophy. In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of TMSC in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. TMSC were injected in DSS-induced colitis mice via intraperitoneal injection twice (TMSC[x2]) or four times (TMSC[x4]). Control mice were injected with either phosphate-buffered saline or human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Body weight, stool condition and disease activity index (DAI) were examined daily. Colon length, histologic grading, and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-17 and tumor necrosis factor α, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10, IL-11 and IL-13, were also measured. Our results showed a significant improvement in survival rates and body weight gain in colitis mice injected with TMSC[x2] or TMSC[x4]. Injection with TMSC also significantly decreased DAI scores throughout the experimental period; at the end of experiment, almost complete reversal of DAI scores to normal was found in colitis mice treated with TMSC[x4]. Colon length was also significantly recovered in colitis mice treated with TMSC[x4]. However, histopathological alterations induced by DSS treatment were not apparently improved by injection with TMSC. Finally, treatment with TMSC[x4] significantly reversed the mRNA levels of IL-1β and IL-6, although expression of all pro-inflammatory cytokines tested was induced in colitis mice. Under our experimental conditions, however, no apparent alterations in the mRNA levels of all the anti-inflammatory cytokines tested were found. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that multiple injections with TMSC produced a therapeutic effect in a mouse model of DSS-induced colitis.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cell- and Tissue-Based Therapy; Child; Colitis; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-11; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-17; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Male; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Palatine Tonsil; Recovery of Function; Survival Analysis; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
PubMed: 28854223
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183141 -
Journal of Voice : Official Journal of... Jan 2022To assess the influence that several factors, such as the amount of obtained biopsies, difficult procedures, biopsy site and the experience of the attending physician,...
OBJECTIVES
To assess the influence that several factors, such as the amount of obtained biopsies, difficult procedures, biopsy site and the experience of the attending physician, have on accuracy of flexible endoscopic biopsy (FEB).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
203 FEB procedures for benign or malignant laryngopharyngeal lesions were prospectively included. During the procedure, three representative biopsies (macroscopically containing vital tumor tissue and not only necrosis or healthy tissue) were obtained. The accuracy of each biopsy was separately analyzed. Difficulties during the procedures leading to failure of acquiring three representative biopsies were recorded and classified into tumor, patient and procedural factors. Histological results of FEB were defined correct when consistent with clinical context, additional biopsies or Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) revealed equivalent pathology, or the lesion was stable or resolved in >6 months follow-up.
RESULTS
The first representative biopsy yielded a correct diagnosis in 65% of the cases. After the second representative biopsy, 78% was correctly diagnosed. The contribution of the third and fourth representative biopsies to accuracy was 3%. The overall accuracy of FEB was 85%. Difficult procedures were more likely to result in misdiagnosis, whereas biopsy site or experience of the attending physician did not influence results.
CONCLUSIONS
FEB was accurate in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal lesions when at least two representative biopsies were obtained. Accuracy of FEB could be further improved by limiting possible constraints during the procedures, for example by selecting, informing, and anesthetizing patients carefully.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Hypopharynx; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 32434679
DOI: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2020.04.015 -
PloS One 2019Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) have characteristics of MSC and have many advantages. In our previous studies, intraperitoneal (IP) injection of TMSC in...
Tonsil-derived mesenchymal stem cells (TMSC) have characteristics of MSC and have many advantages. In our previous studies, intraperitoneal (IP) injection of TMSC in acute and chronic colitis mouse models improved the disease activity index, colon length, and the expression levels of proinflammatory cytokines. However, TMSC were not observed to migrate to the inflammation site in the intestine. The aim of this study was to verify the therapeutic effect of conditioned medium (CM) released by TMSC (TMSC-CM) in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced chronic colitis. TMSC-CM was used after seeding 5×105 cells onto a 100 mm dish and culturing for 5-7 days. TMSC-CM was concentrated (TMSC-CM-conc) by three times using a 100 kDa cut-off centrifugal filter. Seven-week-old C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to the following 5 groups: 1) normal, 2) colitis, 3) TMSC, 4) TMSC-CM, and 5) TMSC-CM-conc. Chronic colitis was induced by continuous oral administration of 1.5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) for 5 days, followed by 5 additional days of tap water feeding. This cycle was repeated two more times (total 30 days). Phosphate buffered saline (in the colitis group), TMSC, TMSC-CM, and TMSC-CM-conc were injected via IP route 4, 4, 12, and 4 times, respectively. Reduction of disease activity index, weight gain, recovery of colon length, and decreased in the expression level of the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 were observed at day 30 in the treatment groups, compared to control. However, histological colitis scoring and the expression level of tumor necrosis factor α and IL-10 did not differ significantly between each group. TMSC-CM showed an equivalent effect to TMSC related to the improvement of inflammation in the chronic colitis mouse model. The data obtained support the use of TMSC-CM to treat inflammatory bowel disease without any cell transplantation.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Proliferation; Chronic Disease; Colitis; Colon; Culture Media, Conditioned; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Inflammation; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Palatine Tonsil; Protective Agents; Spleen
PubMed: 31790467
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225739