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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) May 2021Obesity is a serious health complication in almost every corner of the world. Excessive weight gain results in the onset of several other health issues such as type II... (Review)
Review
Obesity is a serious health complication in almost every corner of the world. Excessive weight gain results in the onset of several other health issues such as type II diabetes, cancer, respiratory diseases, musculoskeletal disorders (especially osteoarthritis), and cardiovascular diseases. As allopathic medications and derived pharmaceuticals are partially successful in overcoming this health complication, there is an incessant need to develop new alternative anti-obesity strategies with long term efficacy and less side effects. Plants harbor secondary metabolites such as phenolics, flavonoids, terpenoids and other specific compounds that have been shown to have effective anti-obesity properties. Nanoencapsulation of these secondary metabolites enhances the anti-obesity efficacy of these natural compounds due to their speculated property of target specificity and enhanced efficiency. These nanoencapsulated and naive secondary metabolites show anti-obesity properties mainly by inhibiting the lipid and carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes, suppression of adipogenesis and appetite, and enhancing energy metabolism. This review focuses on the plants and their secondary metabolites, along with their nanoencapsulation, that have anti-obesity effects, with their possible acting mechanisms, for better human health.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Animals; Anti-Obesity Agents; Biological Products; Cell Differentiation; Flavonoids; Green Chemistry Technology; Humans; Mice; Nanomedicine; Nanoparticles; Obesity; Phenol; Plant Extracts; Polyesters; Polyethylene Glycols; Polyphenols; Terpenes
PubMed: 34071722
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113278 -
Environmental Health Perspectives Nov 2022Studies characterizing associations between phenols, phthalates and thyroid hormones during pregnancy produce inconsistent results. This divergence may be partly...
BACKGROUND
Studies characterizing associations between phenols, phthalates and thyroid hormones during pregnancy produce inconsistent results. This divergence may be partly attributable to false positives due to multiple comparison testing of large numbers of chemicals, and measurement error as studies rely on small numbers of biospecimens despite high intra-individual variability in urinary chemical metabolite concentrations.
OBJECTIVES
This study employs chemical filtering and expanded urinary biomonitoring to evaluate associations between phenol/phthalate exposures and serum thyroid hormones assessed during pregnancy.
METHODS
A two-tiered approach was implemented: ) high-throughput screening results from the ToxCast/Tox21 database, as informed by a thyroid Adverse Outcome Pathway network, were evaluated to select phenols/phthalates with activity on known and putative molecular initiating events in the thyroid pathway; and ) Adjusted linear regressions were used to study associations between filtered compounds and serum thyroid hormones measured in 437 pregnant women recruited in Grenoble area (France) between 2014 and 2017. Phenol/phthalate metabolites were measured in repeated spot urine sample pools (median: 21 samples/women).
RESULTS
The ToxCast/Tox21 screening reduced the chemical set from 16 to 13 and the associated number of statistical comparisons by 19%. Parabens were negatively associated with free triiodothyronine (T3) and the T3/T4 (total thyroxine) ratio. Monobenzyl phthalate was positively associated with total T4 and negatively with the T3/T4 ratio. Effect modification by iodine status was detected for several compounds (among them and mono--butyl phthalate) that were associated with some hormones among women with normal iodine levels.
CONCLUSION
For these chemicals, screening for compounds with an increased likelihood for thyroid-related effects and relying on repeated urine samples to assess exposures improved the overall performance of multichemical analyses of thyroid disruption. This approach may improve future evaluations of human data for the thyroid pathway with implication for fetal health and may serve as a model for evaluating other toxicity outcomes. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP10239.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Thyroid Gland; Adverse Outcome Pathways; Phenol; Phthalic Acids; Thyroid Hormones; Phenols; Iodine
PubMed: 36350136
DOI: 10.1289/EHP10239 -
International Journal of Hygiene and... Mar 2023Early life environmental exposures may affect bone mass accrual in childhood, but only one study has assessed the role of environmental phenols on child bone health.
BACKGROUND
Early life environmental exposures may affect bone mass accrual in childhood, but only one study has assessed the role of environmental phenols on child bone health.
METHODS
We used data from 223 mother-child dyads enrolled in the Health Outcomes and Measures of the Environment (HOME) Study (Cincinnati, OH; 2003-2006). We quantified benzophenone-3, bisphenol A (BPA), 2,5-dichlorophenol, and triclosan in maternal urine collected at 16- and 26-weeks gestation and calculated the average of creatinine-adjusted concentrations. We performed dual x-ray absorptiometry at age 12 years and calculated Z-scores for whole body (less head), total hip, femoral neck, and 1/3rd distal radius bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) as well as ultra-distal radius aBMD and spine BMC and bone mineral apparent density (BMAD). We estimated covariate-adjusted associations per doubling of maternal urinary environmental phenol concentrations in linear regression models. We also examined effect measure modification by child's sex and estimated associations of the environmental phenol mixture with BMC and aBMD using quantile g-computation.
RESULTS
We observed generally null associations for all analytes and bone measures. Yet, in adjusted models, higher urinary 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations were associated with higher 1/3rd distal radius BMC (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.17) and aBMD (β: 0.09; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.17) Z-scores in the overall sample. In sex-stratified analyses, the magnitude of the BMC association was positive for females (β: 0.16; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.26) and null for males (β: 0.02; 95% CI: 0.08, 0.13). The environmental phenol mixture was associated with greater 1/3rd distal radius BMC and aBMD Z-scores in both sexes, which was mostly driven by benzophenone-3 in males and 2,5-dichlorophenol in females.
CONCLUSION
In this prospective cohort study, we observed generally null associations for environmental phenols with BMC and aBMD at age 12 years. While there was a positive association of 2,5-dichlorophenol concentrations during fetal development with distal radius BMC and aBMD at age 12 years, future studies utilizing methods capable of differentiating cortical and trabecular bone are needed to elucidate potential mechanisms and implications for bone strength and microarchitecture.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Bone Density; Prospective Studies; Phenol
PubMed: 36525700
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2022.114104 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Sep 2022Template-directed synthesis of nucleic acids in the polymerase chain reaction is based on the use of a primer, which is elongated in the replication process. The...
Template-directed synthesis of nucleic acids in the polymerase chain reaction is based on the use of a primer, which is elongated in the replication process. The attachment of a high affinity primer to the end of a template chain has been implemented for templating the synthesis of triazole oligomers. A covalent ester base-pair was used to attach a primer to a mixed sequence template. The resulting primed template has phenol recognition units on the template, which can form noncovalent base-pairs with phosphine oxide monomers via H-bonding, and an alkyne group on the primer, which can react with the azide group on a phosphine oxide monomer. Competition reactions between azides bearing phosphine oxide and phenol recognition groups were used to demonstrate a substantial template effect, due to H-bonding interactions between the phenols on the template and phosphine oxides on the azide. The largest rate acceleration was observed when a phosphine oxide 2-mer was used, because this compound binds to the template with a higher affinity than compounds that can only make one H-bond. The P NMR spectrum of the product duplex shows that the H-bonds responsible for the template effect are present in the product, and this result indicates that the covalent ester base-pairs and noncovalent H-bonded base-pairs developed here are geometrically compatible. Following the templated reaction, it is possible to regenerate the template and liberate the copy strand by hydrolysis of the ester base-pair used to attach the primer, thus completing a formal replication cycle.
Topics: Alkynes; Azides; Esters; Nucleic Acids; Oxides; Phenol; Phosphines; Templates, Genetic; Triazoles
PubMed: 36082527
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c08119 -
Carbohydrate Research Nov 2023The development of human tissue models for regenerative medicine and animal-free drug screening requires glycosylated biomaterials such as collagen. An easy and fast...
The development of human tissue models for regenerative medicine and animal-free drug screening requires glycosylated biomaterials such as collagen. An easy and fast biomaterial glycosylation method exploiting Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) phenol coupling reaction is proposed. The protocol is adaptable to any polymer functionalized with phenol residues or tyrosine containing proteins. As a model the tyrosine residues on collagen films were functionalized with salidroside, a natural β-glucoside with a phenol in the aglycone. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and contact angle analysis revealed the influence of glycosylation on the sample's morphology and wettability. Preliminary biological evaluation showed the cytocompatibility of the glucosylated collagen films.
Topics: Humans; Tyrosine; Horseradish Peroxidase; Phenols; Phenol; Collagen
PubMed: 37713734
DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2023.108938 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023Phenols are very soluble in water; as a result, they can pollute a massive volume of fresh water, wastewater, groundwater, oceans, and soil, negatively affecting plant...
Phenols are very soluble in water; as a result, they can pollute a massive volume of fresh water, wastewater, groundwater, oceans, and soil, negatively affecting plant germination and animal and human health. For the detoxification and bioremediation of phenol in wastewater, phenol biodegradation using novel bacteria isolated from sewage sludge was investigated. Twenty samples from sewage sludge (SS) were collected, and bacteria in SS contents were cultured in the mineral salt agar (MSA) containing phenol (500 mg/L). Twenty colonies (S1 up to S20) were recovered from all the tested SS samples. The characteristics of three bacterial properties, 16S rDNA sequencing, similarities, GenBank accession number, and phylogenetic analysis showed that strains S3, S10, and S18 were and , respectively. , and were able to degrade 1000 mg/L phenol in the mineral salt medium. The bacterial strains from sewage sludge were efficient in removing 71.70 and 74.67% of phenol at 1000 mg/L within three days and could tolerate high phenol concentrations (2000 mg/L). The findings showed that , and could potentially treat phenolic water. All soybean and faba bean seeds were germinated after being treated with 250, 500, 750, and 1000 mg/L phenol in a mineral salt medium inoculated with these strains. The highest maximum phenol removal and detoxification rates were and These strains may help decompose and detoxify phenol from industrial wastewater with high phenol levels and bioremediating phenol-contaminated soils.
Topics: Humans; Sewage; Phenol; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Wastewater; Glycine max; Biodegradation, Environmental; Phylogeny; Phenols; Bacteria; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Seeds; Minerals
PubMed: 36770871
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031203 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2020There has been a growing interest in developing natural antioxidants with high efficiency and low cost. Bioactive protein hydrolysates could be a potential source of...
There has been a growing interest in developing natural antioxidants with high efficiency and low cost. Bioactive protein hydrolysates could be a potential source of natural and safer antioxidants. The objectives of this study were to hydrolyze corn gluten meal using three plant-derived proteases, namely papain, ficin, and bromelain, to produce antioxidative hydrolysates and peptides and to characterize the antioxidant performances using both chemical assays and a ground meat model. The optimum hydrolysis time for papain was 3 h, and for ficin and bromelain was 4 h. The hydrolysates were further separated by sequential ultrafiltration to 5 hydrolysate fractions named F1 to F5 from low molecular weight (MW) (<1 kDa) to high MW range (>10 kDa), which were further characterized for TPC, free radical scavenging capacity against DPPH and ABTS, and metal chelating activity. The fraction F4 produced by papain (CH-P4), F1 produced by ficin (CH-F1), and F3 produced by bromelain (CH-B3) showed the strongest antioxidant activity and yield, respectively. These three fractions were incorporated into ground pork to determine their inhibition effects on lipid oxidation during a 16-day storage period. The inhibition effect was enhanced with the addition of higher amount of hydrolysate (e.g., 1000 vs. 500 mg/kg). The CH-P4 reduced lipid oxidation in ground meat by as much as 30.45%, and CH-B3 reduced oxidation by 27.2% at the same level, but the inhibition was only 13.83% with 1000 mg/kg of CH-F1. The study demonstrated that CGM protein hydrolysates and peptides could be used as naturally derived antioxidant in retarding lipid oxidation and improving product storage stability.
Topics: Antioxidants; Bromelains; Ficain; Glutens; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidation-Reduction; Papain; Peptide Biosynthesis; Phenol; Protein Hydrolysates; Zea mays
PubMed: 32906778
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184091 -
Proceedings of the Japan Academy.... 2023The recent industrial growth has made our lives more comfortable; however, it has led to an increase in the concentration of harmful compounds, such as carbon monoxide,... (Review)
Review
The recent industrial growth has made our lives more comfortable; however, it has led to an increase in the concentration of harmful compounds, such as carbon monoxide, volatile organic compounds (e.g., toluene), and phenolic compounds (e.g., phenol and cresol), in the environment. Catalytic oxidation using environmental catalysts is an important method for the removal of harmful compounds. To date, novel environmental catalysts have been developed from unique concepts based on solid-state ionics. In particular, the oxygen supply ability of a promoter can supply active oxygen from inside the lattice to the catalytically active site. Our catalysts exhibited high activity for the oxidation of harmful chemicals under moderate conditions in both the gaseous and liquid phases compared to conventional catalysts. This short review article describes our concepts of material design and our novel catalysts (ceria-zirconia (CeO-ZrO), apatite-type lanthanum silicate (LaSiO), and lanthanum oxyfluoride (LaOF) based catalysts).
Topics: Oxygen; Lanthanum; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenol; Volatile Organic Compounds; Catalysis
PubMed: 37518009
DOI: 10.2183/pjab.99.013 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2022While microRNAs are considered as excellent biomarkers of various diseases, there are still several remaining challenges regarding their isolation. In this study, we...
While microRNAs are considered as excellent biomarkers of various diseases, there are still several remaining challenges regarding their isolation. In this study, we aimed to design a novel RNA isolation method that would help to overcome those challenges. Therefore, we present a novel phenol/chloroform-free, low-cost method for miRNA extraction. Within this method, RNA is extracted from cell lysate with an isopropanol/water/NaCl system, followed by solid-phase extraction using TiO microspheres to effectively separate short RNAs from long RNA molecules. We also demonstrated the pH-dependent selectivity of TiO microspheres towards different sizes of RNA. We were able to regulate the size range of extracted RNAs with simple adjustments in binding conditions used during the solid-phase extraction.
Topics: Chloroform; MicroRNAs; Phenol; Phenols; Titanium
PubMed: 36012112
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168848 -
Environmental Science & Technology Aug 2021Little is known about temporal trends of pregnant women's exposures to environmental phenols and parabens. We quantified four phenols [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F,...
Little is known about temporal trends of pregnant women's exposures to environmental phenols and parabens. We quantified four phenols [bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol F, bisphenol S, and triclosan), four parabens [butyl paraben, ethyl paraben (ETPB), methyl paraben (MEPB), and propyl paraben (PRPB)], and triclocarban in 760 urine samples collected during 2007-2014 from 218 California pregnant women participating in a high-familial risk autism spectrum disorder cohort. We applied multiple regression to compute least square geometric means of urinary concentrations and computed average annual percent changes. We compared our urinary concentrations with those of other study populations to examine geographic variations in pregnant women's exposure to these target compounds. Urinary concentrations of BPA, MEPB, ETPB, and PRPB in this study population decreased over the study period [percent change per year (95% confidence interval): -5.7% (-8.2%, -3.2%); -13.0% (-18.1%, -7.7%); -5.5% (-11.0%, 0.3%); and -13.3% (-18.3%, -8.1%), respectively] and were consistently lower than those in pregnant women in other U.S. regions during the same study period. In recent years, certain phenols and parabens with known adverse health effects are being regulated or replaced with alternatives, which explains decreased body burdens observed in this study population. Either the national regulations or the advocacy campaigns in California may have influenced exposures or consumer product choices.
Topics: Autism Spectrum Disorder; Carbanilides; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Parabens; Phenol; Phenols; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women
PubMed: 34347462
DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c01564