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Emerging Infectious Diseases Oct 2020We isolated 17 viral strains capable of causing cytopathic effects in mammalian cells and death in neonatal mice from sand flies in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed...
We isolated 17 viral strains capable of causing cytopathic effects in mammalian cells and death in neonatal mice from sand flies in China. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these strains belonged to the genus Phlebovirus. These findings highlight the need to control this potentially emerging virus to help safeguard public health.
Topics: Animals; China; Mice; Phlebovirus; Phylogeny; Psychodidae
PubMed: 32946723
DOI: 10.3201/eid2610.191374 -
Viruses Dec 2023Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). In Thailand, three human cases of SFTS...
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by the SFTS virus (SFTSV). In Thailand, three human cases of SFTS were reported in 2019 and 2020, but there was no report of SFTSV infection in animals. Our study revealed that at least 16.6% of dogs in Thailand were seropositive for SFTSV infection, and the SFTSV-positive dogs were found in several districts in Thailand. Additionally, more than 70% of the serum samples collected at one shelter possessed virus-neutralization antibodies against SFTSV and the near-complete genome sequences of the SFTSV were determined from one dog in the shelter. The dog SFTSV was genetically close to those from Thailand and Chinese patients and belonged to genotype J3. These results indicated that SFTSV has already spread among animals in Thailand.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Dogs; Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome; Bunyaviridae Infections; Seroepidemiologic Studies; Thailand; Antibodies, Viral; Phlebovirus; Tick-Borne Diseases
PubMed: 38140644
DOI: 10.3390/v15122403 -
Clinical Microbiology and Infection :... Apr 2018Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus has a variety of central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. However, there are limited data regarding...
OBJECTIVES
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus has a variety of central nervous system (CNS) manifestations. However, there are limited data regarding SFTS-associated encephalopathy/encephalitis (SFTSAE) and its mechanism.
METHODS
All patients with confirmed SFTS who underwent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) examination due to suspected acute encephalopathy were enrolled in three referral hospitals between January 2013 and October 2016. Real-time RT-PCR for SFTS virus and chemokine/cytokines levels from blood and CSF were analysed.
RESULTS
Of 41 patients with confirmed SFTS by RT-PCR for SFTS virus using blood samples, 14 (34%) underwent CSF examination due to suspected SFTSAE. All 14 patients with SFTSE revealed normal protein and glucose levels in CSF, and CSF pleocytosis was uncommon (29%, 4/14). Of the eight patients whose CSF was available for further analysis, six (75%) yielded positive results for SFTS virus. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) level in CSF were significantly higher than those in serum (geometric mean 1889 pg/mL in CSF versus 264 pg/mL in serum for MCP-1, p = 0.01, and geometric mean 340 pg/mL in CSF versus 71 pg/mL in serum for IL-8, p = 0.004).
CONCLUSIONS
The CNS manifestation of SFTS as acute encephalopathy/encephalitis is a common complication of SFTS. Although meningeal inflammation was infrequent in patients with SFTSAE, SFTS virus was frequently detected in CSF with elevated MCP-1 and IL-8. These findings indicate that possible direct invasion of the CNS by SFTS virus with the associated elevated cytokine levels in CSF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SFTSAE.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Brain Diseases; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cytokines; Encephalitis; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phlebotomus Fever; Phlebovirus; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 28899841
DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.09.002 -
Virologica Sinica Feb 2017Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a globe-shaped virus covered by a dense icosahedral array of glycoproteins Gn/Gc that mediate the attachment... (Review)
Review
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is a globe-shaped virus covered by a dense icosahedral array of glycoproteins Gn/Gc that mediate the attachment of the virus to host cells and the fusion of viral and cellular membranes. Several membrane factors are involved in virus entry, including C-type lectins and nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA. The post-fusion crystal structure of the Gc protein suggests that it is a class II membrane fusion protein, similar to the E/E1 protein of flaviviruses and alphaviruses. The virus particles are internalized into host cell endosomes through the clathrin-dependent pathway, where the low pH activates the fusion of the virus with the cell membrane. With information from studies on other bunyaviruses, herein we will review our knowledge of the entry process of SFTSV.
Topics: Animals; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Phlebovirus; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 27995422
DOI: 10.1007/s12250-016-3858-6 -
Viruses Sep 2022Viral coinfections can modulate the severity of parasitic diseases, such as human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmania parasites infect thousands of people worldwide and...
Viral coinfections can modulate the severity of parasitic diseases, such as human cutaneous leishmaniasis. Leishmania parasites infect thousands of people worldwide and cause from single cutaneous self-healing lesions to massive mucosal destructive lesions. The transmission to vertebrates requires the bite of Phlebotomine sandflies, which can also transmit Phlebovirus. We have demonstrated that Leishmania infection requires and triggers the Endoplasmic stress (ER stress) response in infected macrophages. In the present paper, we tested the hypothesis that ER stress is increased and required for the aggravation of infection due to coinfection with . We demonstrated that Icoaraci induces the ER stress program in macrophages mediated by the branches IRE/XBP1 and PERK/ATF4. The coinfection with potentiates and sustains the ER stress, and the inhibition of IRE1α or PERK results in poor viral replication and decreased parasite load in macrophages. Importantly, we observed an increase in viral replication during the coinfection with . Our results demonstrated the role of ER stress branches IRE1/XBP1 and PERK/ATF4 in the synergic effect on the Leishmania increased load during coinfection and suggests that infection can also increase the replication of in macrophages.
Topics: Animals; Coinfection; Endoribonucleases; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis; Orthobunyavirus; Phlebovirus; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 36146755
DOI: 10.3390/v14091948 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2024Dabie Banda virus (DBV), a tick-borne pathogen, was first identified in China in 2009 and causes profound symptoms including fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and... (Review)
Review
Dabie Banda virus (DBV), a tick-borne pathogen, was first identified in China in 2009 and causes profound symptoms including fever, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and multi-organ dysfunction, which is known as severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). In the last decade, global incidence and mortality of SFTS increased significantly, especially in East Asia. Though previous studies provide understandings of clinical and immunological characteristics of SFTS development, comprehensive insight of antiviral immunity response is still lacking. Here, we intensively discuss the antiviral immune response after DBV infection by integrating previous ex- and in-vivo studies, including innate and adaptive immune responses, anti-viral immune responses and long-term immune characters. A comprehensive overview of potential immune targets for clinical trials is provided as well. However, development of novel strategies for improving the prognosis of the disease remains on challenge. The current review may shed light on the establishment of immunological interventions for the critical disease SFTS.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Adaptive Immunity; Immunity, Innate; Phlebovirus; Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
PubMed: 38646523
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1348836 -
Deutsches Arzteblatt International Aug 2022
Topics: Humans; Sandfly fever Naples virus; Meningoencephalitis; Immunoglobulin M
PubMed: 36384926
DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2022.0224 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Nov 2023The increased pancreatic enzymes have recently been reported in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). However, its significance has not been...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
The increased pancreatic enzymes have recently been reported in patients with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). However, its significance has not been elucidated clearly. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence, clinical characteristics of elevated pancreatic enzymes (amylase and lipase) and its association with AP in patients with SFTS.
METHODS
Data of demographics, comorbid conditions, clinical symptoms, laboratory parameters and survival time of patients with SFTS were collected. Patients were assigned into the non-AP and AP groups according to the diagnostic criteria of AP. Patients in the non-AP group were divided into the normal (
3×ULN) groups according to the serum amylase and lipase levels, and then their clinical data were compared. RESULTS
A total of 284 patients diagnosed with SFTS were retrospectively enrolled, including 248 patients in the non-AP group and 36 patients in the AP group. Patients in the non-AP group were composed of 48, 116 and 84 patients in the normal, EPE and HPE groups, respectively. Compared with patients in the normal and EPE groups, patients in the HPE group had higher serum levels of laboratory parameters referring to liver, kidney, heart and coagulation system injury, as well as higher viral load. The cumulative survival rate of patients in the HPE group was significantly lower than that of patients in the normal group. In addition, patients in the AP group also had higher serum levels of laboratory variables reflecting liver, heart, coagulation dysfunction and viral load than patients in the HPE group. The cumulative survival rate of patients in the AP group was significantly lower than that of patients in the HPE group.
CONCLUSION
The increased pancreatic enzymes are very common in patients with SFTS, but they are not always associated with AP. Though AP accounts for the majority of deaths for patients with elevated pancreatic enzymes, patients with pancreatic enzymes >3×ULN except for AP also have a high in-hospital mortality rate.
Topics: Humans; Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome; Retrospective Studies; Prevalence; Phlebovirus; Lipase; Amylases
PubMed: 37943950
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011758 -
The American Journal of Tropical... Feb 2020The genus is a diverse group of globally occurring viruses, including tick-, mosquito-, and sand fly-borne pathogens. Phleboviruses have historically been classified by...
The genus is a diverse group of globally occurring viruses, including tick-, mosquito-, and sand fly-borne pathogens. Phleboviruses have historically been classified by serological methods. However, molecular methods alone have been used to identify emergent novel and related strains in recent years. This makes reconciling the classification of historically and newly characterized viruses challenging. To address this in part, we describe the characterization of the genomes of the Frijoles and Chilibre species complex phleboviruses, and three unclassified phleboviruses isolated in the Americas: Caimito, Itaporanga, and Rio Grande viruses that had previously only been described at the serological level. With the exception of , the phleboviruses sequenced in this study are phylogenetically related to the current species , , or the Chagres antigenic complex. Unexpectedly, molecular and phylogenetic analysis suggests Chilibre and Caimito viruses are taxonomically related to the family . These viruses have a genomic architecture similar to peribunyaviruses and form monophyletic groups within the genus . Our data highlight the importance of reconciling serological and molecular taxonomic classification. In addition, we suggest the taxonomy of Chilibre and Caimito viruses should be revised.
Topics: Americas; Animals; Genome, Viral; Humans; Phlebovirus; Phylogeny
PubMed: 31802735
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.19-0717 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021The genus consists of seven tick-borne bunyaviruses, among which four are known to infect humans. , severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), poses... (Review)
Review
The genus consists of seven tick-borne bunyaviruses, among which four are known to infect humans. , severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV), poses serious threats to public health worldwide. SFTSV is a tick-borne virus mainly reported in China, South Korea, and Japan with a mortality rate of up to 30%. To date, most immunology-related studies focused on the antagonistic role of SFTSV non-structural protein (NSs) in sequestering RIG-I-like-receptors (RLRs)-mediated type I interferon (IFN) induction and type I IFN mediated signaling pathway. It is still elusive whether the interaction of SFTSV and other conserved innate immune responses exists. As of now, no specific vaccines or therapeutics are approved for SFTSV prevention or treatments respectively, in part due to a lack of comprehensive understanding of the molecular interactions occurring between SFTSV and hosts. Hence, it is necessary to fully understand the host-virus interactions including antiviral responses and viral evasion mechanisms. In this review, we highlight the recent progress in understanding the pathogenesis of SFTS and speculate underlying novel mechanisms in response to SFTSV infection.
Topics: Asia, Southeastern; Autophagy; DEAD Box Protein 58; Asia, Eastern; Humans; Immune Evasion; Immunity, Innate; Interferon Type I; Pakistan; Phlebovirus; Pyroptosis; Receptors, Immunologic; Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome; Signal Transduction; Viral Nonstructural Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 34122440
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.676861