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Scientific Reports May 2023The use of metal phosphides, particularly aluminum phosphide, poses a significant threat to human safety and results in high mortality rates. This study aimed to...
The use of metal phosphides, particularly aluminum phosphide, poses a significant threat to human safety and results in high mortality rates. This study aimed to determine mortality patterns and predictive factors for acute zinc and aluminum phosphide poisoning cases that were admitted to Menoufia University Poison and Dependence Control Center from 2017 to 2021. Statistical analysis revealed that poisoning was more common among females (59.7%), aged between 10 and 20 years, and from rural regions. Most cases were students, and most poisonings were the result of suicidal intentions (78.6%). A new hybrid model named Bayesian Optimization-Relevance Vector Machine (BO-RVM) was proposed to forecast fatal poisoning. The model achieved an overall accuracy of 97%, with high positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) values of 100% and 96%, respectively. The sensitivity was 89.3%, while the specificity was 100%. The F1 score was 94.3%, indicating a good balance between precision and recall. These results suggest that the model performs well in identifying both positive and negative cases. Additionally, the BO-RVM model has a fast and accurate processing time of 379.9595 s, making it a promising tool for various applications. The study underscores the need for public health policies to restrict the availability and use of phosphides in Egypt and adopt effective treatment methods for phosphide-poisoned patients. Clinical suspicion, positive silver nitrate test for phosphine, and analysis of cholinesterase levels are useful in diagnosing metal phosphide poisoning, which can cause various symptoms.
Topics: Female; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Aluminum; Bayes Theorem; Phosphines; Aluminum Compounds; Poisons; Heavy Metal Poisoning; Poisoning; Pesticides
PubMed: 37217491
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34489-x -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023Organoruthenium pyrithione (1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione) complexes have been shown in our recent studies to be a promising family of compounds for development of new...
Organoruthenium pyrithione (1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione) complexes have been shown in our recent studies to be a promising family of compounds for development of new anticancer drugs. The complex [(η--cymene)Ru(pyrithionato)(pta)]PF contains phosphine ligand pta (1,3,5-triaza-7-phosphaadamantane) as a functionality that improves the stability of the complex and its aqueous solubility. Here, we report our efforts to find pta alternatives and discover new structural elements to improve the biological properties of ruthenium anticancer drugs. The pta ligand was replaced by a selection of phosphine, phosphite, and arsine ligands to identify new functionalities, leading to improvement in inhibitory potency towards enzyme glutathione -transferase. In addition, cytotoxicity in breast, bone, and colon cancers was investigated.
Topics: Ruthenium; Ruthenium Compounds; Phosphines; Antineoplastic Agents; Organometallic Compounds; Coordination Complexes; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 36985471
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062499 -
Scientific Reports Feb 2019Engineered small molecule triggers are important tools for the control and investigation of biological processes, in particular protein function. Staudinger reductions...
Engineered small molecule triggers are important tools for the control and investigation of biological processes, in particular protein function. Staudinger reductions of aryl azides to amines through the use of phosphines can trigger an elimination reaction, and thereby activation of a functional molecule, if an appropriately positioned leaving group is present. We conducted detailed investigations of the effect of aryl azide and phosphine structure on both the mechanism and kinetics of these reaction-induced eliminations and identified phosphine/azide pairs that enable complete activation within minutes under physiologically relevant conditions.
Topics: Azides; Chromatography, Liquid; Kinetics; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Phosphines; Small Molecule Libraries
PubMed: 30728367
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37023-6 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2020Phosphine resistance is a worldwide issue threatening the grain industry. The cuticles of insects are covered with a layer of lipids, which protect insect bodies from...
Preliminary Study on the Differences in Hydrocarbons Between Phosphine-Susceptible and -Resistant Strains of (Fabricius) and (Herbst) Using Direct Immersion Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with GC-MS.
Phosphine resistance is a worldwide issue threatening the grain industry. The cuticles of insects are covered with a layer of lipids, which protect insect bodies from the harmful effects of pesticides. The main components of the cuticular lipids are hydrocarbon compounds. In this research, phosphine-resistant and -susceptible strains of two main stored-grain insects, and , were tested to determine the possible role of their cuticular hydrocarbons in phosphine resistance. Direct immersion solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to extract and analyze the cuticular hydrocarbons. The results showed significant differences between the resistant and susceptible strains regarding the cuticular hydrocarbons that were investigated. The resistant insects of both species contained higher amounts than the susceptible insects for the majority of the hydrocarbons, sixteen from cuticular extraction and nineteen from the homogenized body extraction for and eighteen from cuticular extraction and twenty-one from the homogenized body extraction for . 3-methylnonacosane and 2-methylheptacosane had the highest significant difference between the susceptible and resistant strains of from the cuticle and the homogenized body, respectively. Unknown5 from the cuticle and 3-methylhentriacontane from the homogenized body recorded the highest significant differences in . The higher hydrocarbon content is a key factor in eliminating phosphine from entering resistant insect bodies, acting as a barrier between insects and the surrounding phosphine environment.
Topics: Alkanes; Animals; Coleoptera; Complex Mixtures; Edible Grain; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Insecticide Resistance; Insecticides; Integumentary System; Phosphines; Solid Phase Microextraction; Tribolium; Triticum
PubMed: 32235326
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071565 -
Journal of Insect Science (Online) Nov 2023The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious cosmopolitan pest that affects grain in storage and has developed high levels of...
The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus, Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a serious cosmopolitan pest that affects grain in storage and has developed high levels of resistance toward phosphine. In this study, RNA-seq data was used to study the phosphine resistance mechanisms in S. oryzae. Resistant and susceptible populations of S. oryzae were identified based on phosphine bioassays conducted in 32 populations collected across Tamil Nadu, India. Differential expression of mitochondrial (COX1, COX2, COX3, ND2, ND3, ATP6, and ATP8) and detoxification genes (Cyps, Gsts, and Cbe) were observed in the resistant and susceptible populations of S. oryzae. The previously characterized phosphine resistant gene, dld (dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase) linked to the rph2 locus, was found to be up-regulated in resistant S. oryzae population (ISO-TNAU-RT) treated with phosphine. Also, the genes involved in Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle were significantly down-regulated. In addition, a significant up-regulation in the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (2.5×) and catalase (2.1×) in ISO-TNAU-RT populations was recorded. Furthermore, a distinct amino acid substitution, Lysine > Glutamic acid (K141E) was identified in resistant phenotypes. In silico docking studies of both resistant and susceptible DLD protein with phosphine molecule revealed that the amino acid residues involved in the interaction were different. This suggested that the amino acid substitution might lead to structural modifications which reduces the affinity of the target (phosphine). This study provides insight on the various genes, pathways, and functional mechanisms having a significant role in phosphine resistance in S. oryzae.
Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Weevils; India; Insecticides; Insecticide Resistance; Gene Expression Profiling
PubMed: 38159032
DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iead110 -
Journal of the American Chemical Society Apr 2016The ability to regulate small molecule chemistry in vivo will enable new avenues of exploration in imaging and pharmacology. However, realization of these goals will...
The ability to regulate small molecule chemistry in vivo will enable new avenues of exploration in imaging and pharmacology. However, realization of these goals will require reactions with high specificity and precise control. Here we demonstrate photocontrol over the highly specific Staudinger-Bertozzi ligation in vitro and in vivo. Our simple approach, photocaging the key phosphine atom, allows for the facile production of reagents with photochemistry that can be engineered for specific applications. The resulting compounds, which are both stable and efficiently activated, enable the spatial labeling of metabolically introduced azides in vitro and on live zebrafish.
Topics: Animals; Azides; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Fluoresceins; HEK293 Cells; Hexosamines; Humans; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Molecular Imaging; Phosphines; Photochemistry; Ultraviolet Rays; Zebrafish
PubMed: 27010217
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b13401 -
Science (New York, N.Y.) Nov 2018Inorganic-biological hybrid systems have potential to be sustainable, efficient, and versatile chemical synthesis platforms by integrating the light-harvesting...
Inorganic-biological hybrid systems have potential to be sustainable, efficient, and versatile chemical synthesis platforms by integrating the light-harvesting properties of semiconductors with the synthetic potential of biological cells. We have developed a modular bioinorganic hybrid platform that consists of highly efficient light-harvesting indium phosphide nanoparticles and genetically engineered , a workhorse microorganism in biomanufacturing. The yeast harvests photogenerated electrons from the illuminated nanoparticles and uses them for the cytosolic regeneration of redox cofactors. This process enables the decoupling of biosynthesis and cofactor regeneration, facilitating a carbon- and energy-efficient production of the metabolite shikimic acid, a common precursor for several drugs and fine chemicals. Our work provides a platform for the rational design of biohybrids for efficient biomanufacturing processes with higher complexity and functionality.
Topics: Biomimetics; Cytoplasm; Genetic Engineering; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Indium; Light; Nanoparticles; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphines; Photosensitizing Agents; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Shikimic Acid
PubMed: 30442806
DOI: 10.1126/science.aat9777 -
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces Feb 2020Design and synthesis of nanostructured responsive gels have attracted increasing attention, particularly in the biomedical domain. Polymer chain configurations and...
Design and synthesis of nanostructured responsive gels have attracted increasing attention, particularly in the biomedical domain. Polymer chain configurations and nanodomain sizes within the network can be used to steer their functions as drug carriers. Here, a catalyst-free facile one-step synthesis strategy is reported for the design of pH-responsive gels and controlled structures in nanoscale. Transparent and impurity free gels were directly synthesized from trivinylphosphine oxide (TVPO) and cyclic secondary diamine monomers via Michael addition polymerization under mild conditions. NMR analysis confirmed the consumption of all TVPO and the absence of side products, thereby eliminating post purification steps. The small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) elucidates the nanoscale structural features in gels, that is, it demonstrates the presence of collapsed nanodomains within gel networks and it was possible to tune the size of these domains by varying the amine monomers and the nature of the solvent. The fabricated gels demonstrate structure tunability via solvent-polymer interactions and pH specific drug release behavior. Three different anionic dyes (acid blue 80, acid blue 90, and fluorescein) of varying size and chemistry were incorporated into the hydrogel as model drugs and their release behavior was studied. Compared to acidic pH, a higher and faster release of acid blue 80 and fluorescein was observed at pH 10, possibly because of their increased solubility in alkaline pH. In addition, their release in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and simulated body fluid (SBF) matrix was positively influenced by the ionic interaction with positively charged metal ions. In the case of hydrogel containing acid blue 90 a very low drug release (<1%) was observed, which is due to the reaction of its accessible free amino group with the vinyl groups of the TVPO. In vitro evaluation of the prepared hydrogel using human dermal fibroblasts indicates no cytotoxic effects, warranting further research for biomedical applications. Our strategy of such gel synthesis lays the basis for the design of other gel-based functional materials.
Topics: Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Gels; Hydrogels; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Oxides; Phosphines; Polymerization; Scattering, Small Angle
PubMed: 31972075
DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b22808 -
Nature Communications May 2024Organic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) usually emerges instantly and immediately decays after excitation removal. Here we report a new delayed RTP that...
Organic ultralong room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) usually emerges instantly and immediately decays after excitation removal. Here we report a new delayed RTP that is postponed by dozens of milliseconds after excitation removal and decays in two steps including an initial increase in intensity followed by subsequent decrease in intensity. The delayed RTP is achieved through introduction of phosphines into carbazole emitters. In contrast to the rapid energy transfer from single-molecular triplet states (T) to stabilized triplet states (T*) of instant RTP systems, phosphine groups insert their intermediate states (T) between carbazole-originated T and T* of carbazole-phosphine hybrids. In addition to markedly increasing emission lifetimes by ten folds, since T → T* transition require >30 milliseconds, RTP is thereby postponed by dozens of milliseconds. The emission character of carbazole-phosphine hybrids can be used to reveal information through combining instant and delayed RTP, realizing multi-level time resolution for advanced information, biological and optoelectronic applications.
PubMed: 38697970
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47888-z -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021The purpose of this review is to summarize the importance of microwave (MW) irradiation as a kind of catalyst in organophosphorus chemistry. Slow or reluctant reactions,... (Review)
Review
The purpose of this review is to summarize the importance of microwave (MW) irradiation as a kind of catalyst in organophosphorus chemistry. Slow or reluctant reactions, such as the Diels-Alder cycloaddition or an inverse-Wittig type reaction, may be performed efficiently under MW irradiation. The direct esterification of phosphinic and phosphonic acids, which is practically impossible on conventional heating, may be realized under MW conditions. Ionic liquid additives may promote further esterifications. The opposite reaction, the hydrolysis of P-esters, has also relevance among the MW-assisted transformations. A typical case is when the catalysts are substituted by MWs, which is exemplified by the reduction of phosphine oxides, and by the Kabachnik-Fields condensation affording α-aminophosphonic derivatives. Finally, the Hirao P-C coupling reaction may serve as an example, when the catalyst may be simplified under MW conditions. All of the examples discussed fulfill the expectations of green chemistry.
Topics: Catalysis; Ionic Liquids; Microwaves; Molecular Structure; Organophosphorus Compounds
PubMed: 33672361
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041196