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International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024Atherosclerosis, which currently contributes to 31% of deaths globally, is of critical cardiovascular concern. Current diagnostic tools and biomarkers are limited,... (Review)
Review
Atherosclerosis, which currently contributes to 31% of deaths globally, is of critical cardiovascular concern. Current diagnostic tools and biomarkers are limited, emphasizing the need for early detection. Lifestyle modifications and medications form the basis of treatment, and emerging therapies such as photodynamic therapy are being developed. Photodynamic therapy involves a photosensitizer selectively targeting components of atherosclerotic plaques. When activated by specific light wavelengths, it induces localized oxidative stress aiming to stabilize plaques and reduce inflammation. The key advantage lies in its selective targeting, sparing healthy tissues. While preclinical studies are encouraging, ongoing research and clinical trials are crucial for optimizing protocols and ensuring long-term safety and efficacy. The potential combination with other therapies makes photodynamic therapy a versatile and promising avenue for addressing atherosclerosis and associated cardiovascular disease. The investigations underscore the possibility of utilizing photodynamic therapy as a valuable treatment choice for atherosclerosis. As advancements in research continue, photodynamic therapy might become more seamlessly incorporated into clinical approaches for managing atherosclerosis, providing a blend of efficacy and limited invasiveness.
Topics: Humans; Atherosclerosis; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Inflammation
PubMed: 38396639
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041958 -
Nature Communications Aug 2023Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have gained much attention in the treatment of various malignant tumors during the past decades. However, limited tumor...
Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have gained much attention in the treatment of various malignant tumors during the past decades. However, limited tumor penetration of nanodrugs remains a significant hurdle for effective tumor therapy due to the existing biological barriers of tumoral microenvironment. Inspired by bubble machines, here we report the successful fabrication of biomimetic nanodevices capable of in-situ secreting cell-membrane-derived nanovesicles with smaller sizes under near infrared (NIR) laser irradiation for synergistic photothermal/photodynamic therapy. Porous Au nanocages (AuNC) are loaded with phase transitable perfluorohexane (PFO) and hemoglobin (Hb), followed by oxygen pre-saturation and indocyanine green (ICG) anchored 4T1 tumor cell membrane camouflage. Upon slight laser treatment, the loaded PFO undergoes phase transition due to surface plasmon resonance effect produced by AuNC framework, thus inducing the budding of outer cell membrane coating into small-scale nanovesicles based on the pore size of AuNC. Therefore, the hyperthermia-triggered generation of nanovesicles with smaller size, sufficient oxygen supply and anchored ICG results in enhanced tumor penetration for further self-sufficient oxygen-augmented photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. The as-developed biomimetic bubble nanomachines with temperature responsiveness show great promise as a potential nanoplatform for cancer treatment.
Topics: Biomimetics; Hyperthermia, Induced; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Indocyanine Green; Oxygen; Nanoparticles; Cell Line, Tumor
PubMed: 37567901
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40474-9 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology May 2022Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is an effective treatment for arresting progression in patients with keratoconus. CXL was approved by United States Food and Drug... (Review)
Review
Corneal collagen cross-linking (CXL) is an effective treatment for arresting progression in patients with keratoconus. CXL was approved by United States Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of progressive keratoconus in 2016. It is a relatively safe procedure with a low complication rate. As this approach becomes more popular, it is paramount to be familiar with the potential complications associated with the procedure and its management. This article aims to report and review the complications of CXL for the treatment of keratoconus and post-LASIK ectasia.
Topics: Collagen; Cross-Linking Reagents; Humans; Keratoconus; Photochemotherapy; Ultraviolet Rays; United States
PubMed: 35502012
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1595_21 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023Details of the structural elucidation of the clinically useful photodynamic therapy sensitizer NPe6 () are presented. NPe6, also designated as Laserphyrin, Talaporfin,... (Review)
Review
Details of the structural elucidation of the clinically useful photodynamic therapy sensitizer NPe6 () are presented. NPe6, also designated as Laserphyrin, Talaporfin, and LS-11, is a second-generation photosensitizer derived from chlorophyll-a, currently used in Japan for the treatment of human lung, esophageal, and brain cancers. After the initial misidentification of the structure of this chlorin-e aspartic acid conjugate as (), NMR and other synthetic procedures described herein arrived at the correct structure (), confirmed using single crystal X-ray crystallography. Interesting new features of chlorin-e chemistry (including the intramolecular formation of an anhydride ()) are reported, allowing chemists to regioselectively conjugate amino acids to each available carboxylic acid on positions 13 (formic), 15 (acetic), and 17 (propionic) of chlorin e (). Cellular investigations of several amino acid conjugates of chlorin-e revealed that the 13-aspartylchlorin-e derivative is more phototoxic than its 15- and 17-regioisomers, in part due to its nearly linear molecular conformation.
Topics: Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Porphyrins; Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Chlorophyllides
PubMed: 37110713
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083479 -
Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in... Jan 2020In this Minireview, we highlight recent advances in the design of transition metal complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), and... (Review)
Review
In this Minireview, we highlight recent advances in the design of transition metal complexes for photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photoactivated chemotherapy (PACT), and discuss the challenges and opportunities for the translation of such agents into clinical use. New designs for light-activated transition metal complexes offer photoactivatable prodrugs with novel targeted mechanisms of action. Light irradiation can provide spatial and temporal control of drug activation, increasing selectivity and reducing side-effects. The photophysical and photochemical properties of transition metal complexes can be controlled by the appropriate choice of the metal, its oxidation state, the number and types of ligands, and the coordination geometry.
Topics: Coordination Complexes; Humans; Metals; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 31310436
DOI: 10.1002/anie.201905171 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2024Cardiovascular diseases are the third most common cause of death in the world. The most common are heart attacks and stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are a global problem... (Review)
Review
Cardiovascular diseases are the third most common cause of death in the world. The most common are heart attacks and stroke. Cardiovascular diseases are a global problem monitored by many centers, including the World Health Organization (WHO). Atherosclerosis is one aspect that significantly influences the development and management of cardiovascular diseases. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is one of the therapeutic methods used for various types of inflammatory, cancerous and non-cancer diseases. Currently, it is not practiced very often in the field of cardiology. It is most often practiced and tested experimentally under in vitro experimental conditions. In clinical practice, the use of PDT is still rare. The aim of this review was to characterize the effectiveness of PDT in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Additionally, the most frequently used photosensitizers in cardiology are summarized.
Topics: Humans; Photochemotherapy; Cardiovascular Diseases; Photosensitizing Agents; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38474220
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052974 -
BioMed Research International 2015
Topics: Animals; Cross-Linking Reagents; Humans; Keratoconus; Ophthalmoscopy; Photochemotherapy; Riboflavin; Tomography, Optical Coherence; Treatment Outcome; Ultraviolet Therapy
PubMed: 25949993
DOI: 10.1155/2015/306439 -
Journal of B.U.ON. : Official Journal... 2018Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted widespread attention in recent years as a non-invasive and highly selective approach for cancer treatment. PDT involves the... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has attracted widespread attention in recent years as a non-invasive and highly selective approach for cancer treatment. PDT involves the activation of a photosensitizer by an appropriate wavelength of light, generating transient levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). However, the utilization of PDT against deep tumors has been greatly limited by insufficient luminous flux and the occurrence of peripheral tissue damage. Therefore, experts have begun to explore whether the combination of PDT with other treatments can improve its efficacy. In this review, we have collected articles about experiments (in vitro and in vivo) and clinical research on photodynamic combination therapies in recent years, roughly divided into four parts corresponding to PDT combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy and other therapies, to compare the therapeutic effects of the combination therapy and monotherapy. The results showed that photodynamic combination treatments, in general, perform better than single treatment modalities. Thus, the increased therapeutic effects, reduced side effects and coordination treatment effects of PDT are worth of further exploration.
Topics: Animals; Combined Modality Therapy; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasm Staging; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Radiotherapy
PubMed: 30003719
DOI: No ID Found -
Recent Patents on Anti-infective Drug... 2018Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious health threats to modern medicine. The lack of potent antibiotics puts us at a disadvantage in the fight against... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Antibiotic resistance is one of the most serious health threats to modern medicine. The lack of potent antibiotics puts us at a disadvantage in the fight against infectious diseases, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant microbial strains. To this end, an urgent need to search for alternative antimicrobial approaches has arisen. In the last decade, light-based anti-infective therapy has made significant strides in this fight to combat antibiotic resistance among various microbial strains. This method includes utilizing antimicrobial blue light, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, and germicidal ultraviolet irradiation, among others. Light-based therapy is advantageous over traditional antibiotics in that it eradicates microbial cells rapidly and the likelihood of light-resistance development by microbes is low.
METHODS
This review highlights the patents on light-based therapy that were filed approximately within the last decade and are dedicated to eradicating pathogenic microorganisms. The primary database that was used for the search was Google Patents. The searches were performed using the keywords including blue light, antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, ultraviolet irradiation, antibiotic resistance, disinfection, bacterium, fungus, and virus.
RESULTS
Forty-five patents were obtained in our search: 9 patents for the antimicrobial blue light approach, 21 for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, 11 for UV irradiation, and lastly 4 for other light-based anti-infective approaches. The treatments and devices discussed in this review are interestingly enough able to be used in various different functions and settings, such as dental applications, certain eye diseases, skin and hard surface cleansing, decontamination of internal organs (e.g., the stomach), decontamination of apparel and equipment, eradication of pathogenic microorganisms from buildings and rooms, etc. Most of the devices and inventions introduce methods of destroying pathogenic bacteria and fungi without harming human cells and tissues.
CONCLUSIONS
Light-based antimicrobial approaches hold great promise for the future in regards to treating antibiotic-resistant infections and related diseases.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Patents as Topic; Photochemotherapy; Phototherapy; Ultraviolet Therapy
PubMed: 29119936
DOI: 10.2174/1872213X11666171108104104 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Oct 2023Nanocarriers have been widely studied and applied in the field of cancer treatment. However, conventional nanocarriers still suffer from complicated preparation... (Review)
Review
Nanocarriers have been widely studied and applied in the field of cancer treatment. However, conventional nanocarriers still suffer from complicated preparation processes, low drug loading, and potential toxicity of carriers themselves. To tackle the hindrance, carrier-free nanodrugs with biological activity have received increasing attention in cancer therapy. Extensive efforts have been made to exploit new self-assembly methods and mechanisms to expand the scope of carrier-free nanodrugs with enhanced therapeutic performance. In this review, we summarize the advanced progress and applications of carrier-free nanodrugs based on different types of assembly mechanisms and strategies, which involved noncovalent interactions, a combination of covalent bonds and noncovalent interactions, and metal ions-coordinated self-assembly. These carrier-free nanodrugs are introduced in detail according to their assembly and antitumor applications. Finally, the prospects and existing challenges of carrier-free nanodrugs in future development and clinical application are discussed. We hope that this comprehensive review will provide new insights into the rational design of more effective carrier-free nanodrug systems and advancing clinical cancer and other diseases (e.g., bacterial infections) infection treatment.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Drug Carriers; Photochemotherapy; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37894544
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207065