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Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 2018New treatment modalities for the management of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) now exist. While acute CSC generally resolves without the requirement for... (Review)
Review
New treatment modalities for the management of central serous chorioretinopathy (CSC) now exist. While acute CSC generally resolves without the requirement for intervention, chronic CSC has been associated with persistent disruption in visual function. Current treatment approaches include photodynamic therapy, oral aldosterone antagonism and subthreshold multifocal laser. There has also been further investigation into a number of new treatments including antivascular endothelial growth factor treatment. Further investigation using developing optical coherence tomography imaging is helping to determine biomarkers of CSC activity, potential indicators of treatment response and indications of chronicity of disease activity. Further comparative study is required to determine the effectiveness of different forms of treatment in a range of patients with varied demographics, aetiology and chronicity of disease.
Topics: Central Serous Chorioretinopathy; Chronic Disease; Disease Management; Fluorescein Angiography; Fundus Oculi; Humans; Photochemotherapy; Tomography, Optical Coherence
PubMed: 30451170
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1077_18 -
Biomolecular Concepts Mar 2022Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure that can exert a curative action against malignant cells. The treatment implies the administration of a...
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved procedure that can exert a curative action against malignant cells. The treatment implies the administration of a photoactive molecular species that, upon absorption of visible or near infrared light, sensitizes the formation of reactive oxygen species. These species are cytotoxic and lead to tumor cell death, damage vasculature, and induce inflammation. Clinical investigations demonstrated that PDT is curative and does not compromise other treatment options. One of the major limitations of the original method was the low selectivity of the photoactive compounds for malignant over healthy tissues. The development of conjugates with antibodies has endowed photosensitizing molecules with targeting capability, so that the compounds are delivered with unprecedented precision to the site of action. Given their fluorescence emission capability, these supramolecular species are intrinsically theranostic agents.
Topics: Humans; Neoplasms; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 35304984
DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2022-0010 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Sep 2017Corneal collagen cross-linking has become the preferred modality of treatment for corneal ectasia since its inception in late 1990s. Numerous studies have demonstrated... (Review)
Review
Corneal collagen cross-linking has become the preferred modality of treatment for corneal ectasia since its inception in late 1990s. Numerous studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of the conventional protocol. Our understanding of the cross-linking process is ever evolving, with its wide implications in the form of accelerated and pulsed protocols. Newer advancements in technology include various riboflavin formulations and the ability to deliver higher fluence protocols with customised irradiation patterns. A greater degree of customisation is likely the path forward, which will aim at achieving refractive improvements along with disease stability. The use of cross-linking for myopic correction is another avenue under exploration. Combination of half fluence cross-linking with refractive correction for high errors to prevent post LASIK regression is gaining interest. This review aims to highlight the various advancements in the cross-linking technology and its clinical applications.
Topics: Collagen; Cornea; Corneal Topography; Cross-Linking Reagents; Humans; Keratoconus; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents
PubMed: 28905820
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_648_17 -
Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland) 2022Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory chronic disease with difficult management. In some scenarios, intralesional (IL) treatments could be useful. However,... (Review)
Review
Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is an inflammatory chronic disease with difficult management. In some scenarios, intralesional (IL) treatments could be useful. However, the scientific evidence available is limited and heterogeneous. We aimed to synthesize the available scientific evidence on IL treatments in HS. We conducted a systematic review in July 2021. The clinical databases reviewed included MEDLINE and Embase. All types of epidemiological studies and case series with at least 10 patients were included; reviews, guidelines, protocols, conference abstracts, case series with less than 10 patients, and case reports were excluded. Fifteen articles representing 599 patients and 1,032 lesions were included for review. Corticosteroid injections were the most reported treatment. They showed effectiveness for the treatment of acute inflammatory lesions and fistulas in terms of reduction of lesion counts, symptoms, and signs of inflammation and were safe in general terms. Light-based therapies were the other main treatment group, including photodynamic therapy and 1,064-nm diode laser. They were also effective, but more local and systemic adverse events were reported. Other treatments included botulinum toxin type B and punch-trocar-assisted cryoinsufflation (cryopunch). They were effective and safe, although were reported anecdotally. The main limitation of the systematic review was the general quality of the articles included. In conclusion, IL treatments such as corticosteroid injections and light-based therapies seem to be effective and safe for both acute inflammatory lesions and fistulas, although more prospective studies, with higher sample sizes and with standardized outcomes are needed to provide more scientific evidence on the subject.
Topics: Humans; Hidradenitis Suppurativa; Prospective Studies; Photochemotherapy; Injections, Intralesional; Adrenal Cortex Hormones
PubMed: 35477143
DOI: 10.1159/000524121 -
Experimental & Molecular Medicine Apr 2021Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered a noninvasive and cost-effective modality for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of tumor microenvironments poses... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been considered a noninvasive and cost-effective modality for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of tumor microenvironments poses challenges to the implementation of traditional PDT. Here, we review recent advances in PDT to resolve the current problems. Major breakthroughs in PDTs are enabling significant progress in molecular medicine and are interconnected with innovative strategies based on smart bio/nanomaterials or therapeutic insights. We focus on newly developed PDT strategies designed by tailoring photosensitive reactive oxygen species generation, which include the use of proteinaceous photosensitizers, self-illumination, or oxygen-independent approaches. While these updated PDT platforms are expected to enable major advances in cancer treatment, addressing future challenges related to biosafety and target specificity is discussed throughout as a necessary goal to expand the usefulness of PDT.
Topics: Animals; Biological Therapy; Biomarkers, Tumor; Cell Death; Disease Management; Humans; Luminescent Proteins; Neoplasms; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33833374
DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00599-7 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2020Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been known as an effective method for treating surface cancer tissues. Although this technique is widely used in modern medicine,... (Review)
Review
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has long been known as an effective method for treating surface cancer tissues. Although this technique is widely used in modern medicine, some novel approaches for deep lying tumors have to be developed. Recently, deeper penetration of X-rays into tissues has been implemented, which is now known as X-ray photodynamic therapy (XPDT). The two methods differ in the photon energy used, thus requiring the use of different types of scintillating nanoparticles. These nanoparticles are known to convert the incident energy into the activation energy of a photosensitizer, which leads to the generation of reactive oxygen species. Since not all photosensitizers are found to be suitable for the currently used scintillating nanoparticles, it is necessary to find the most effective biocompatible combination of these two agents. The most successful combinations of nanoparticles for XPDT are presented. Nanomaterials such as metal-organic frameworks having properties of photosensitizers and scintillation nanoparticles are reported to have been used as XPDT agents. The role of metal-organic frameworks for applying XPDT as well as the mechanism underlying the generation of reactive oxygen species are discussed.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Humans; Hydroxyl Radical; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Mice; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Nanotechnology; Neoplasm Transplantation; Oxygen; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Reactive Oxygen Species; X-Rays
PubMed: 32503329
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21114004 -
Giornale Italiano Di Dermatologia E... Dec 2018Natural DayLight-mediated PhotoDynamic Therapy (NDL-PDT) is an efficacious treatment option for thin actinic keratosis that offers advantages over conventional PDT in... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Natural DayLight-mediated PhotoDynamic Therapy (NDL-PDT) is an efficacious treatment option for thin actinic keratosis that offers advantages over conventional PDT in terms of tolerability and cost. It is now accepted that the minimum criteria required for effective NDL-PDT is a dose of 4 J/cm² with a treatment time of 2 hours and a minimum temperature of 10 °C, corresponding to a minimum illuminance of 11,000 lux. This value is easily achievable: 20,000 lux can be obtained during a typical overcast day at midday. It can reach 110,000 lux with a bright sunlight. However, it is limited to certain times of the year at our latitude. However rain and cold temperatures appear the main limitations of NDL-PDT. Greenhouses make possible to perform the illumination even in harsh weather conditions. Furthermore, it is difficult to install a greenhouse everywhere. Several solutions are now proposed to carry out indoor illumination so-called artificial white light or simulated daylight (SDL-PDT). Illumination sources installed at the ceiling of the treatment room is one option. Several lamp pairs can be combined to illuminate groups of patients simultaneously. A surgical theatre light can be used or dedicated systems using white LEDs can be used to deliver the required illumination dose. In conclusion, Indoor lightning (or simulated daylight: SDL-PDT or Artificial White Light: AWL) could offer an interesting alternative to NDL-PDT.
Topics: Humans; Keratosis, Actinic; Light; Photochemotherapy; Sunlight; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29417802
DOI: 10.23736/S0392-0488.18.05907-2 -
Biomolecules Jan 2020There have been many reports on the relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and various types of diseases. This review covers mitochondrial targeting... (Review)
Review
There have been many reports on the relationship between mitochondrial oxidative stress and various types of diseases. This review covers mitochondrial targeting photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy as a therapeutic strategy for inducing mitochondrial oxidative stress. We also discuss other mitochondrial targeting phototherapeutic methods. In addition, we discuss anti-oxidant therapy by a mitochondrial drug delivery system (DDS) as a therapeutic strategy for suppressing oxidative stress. We also describe cell therapy for reducing oxidative stress in mitochondria. Finally, we discuss the possibilities and problems associated with clinical applications of mitochondrial DDS to regulate mitochondrial oxidative stress.
Topics: Antioxidants; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Photochemotherapy
PubMed: 31948035
DOI: 10.3390/biom10010083 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors.... (Review)
Review
Bone cancer including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone cancer, remains a challenge claiming millions of lives and affecting the life quality of survivors. Conventional treatments of bone cancer include wide surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, some bone cancer cells may remain or recur in the local area after resection, some are highly resistant to chemotherapy, and some are insensitive to radiotherapy. Phototherapy (PT) including photodynamic therapy (PDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT), is a clinically approved, minimally invasive, and highly selective treatment, and has been widely reported for cancer therapy. Under the irradiation of light of a specific wavelength, the photosensitizer (PS) in PDT can cause the increase of intracellular ROS and the photothermal agent (PTA) in PTT can induce photothermal conversion, leading to the tumoricidal effects. In this review, the progress of PT applications in the treatment of bone cancer has been outlined and summarized, and some envisioned challenges and future perspectives have been mentioned. This review provides the current state of the art regarding PDT and PTT in bone cancer and inspiration for future studies on PT.
Topics: Bone Neoplasms; Gold; Humans; Nanoparticles; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Osteosarcoma; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phototherapy; Photothermal Therapy; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 34768789
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111354 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic... (Review)
Review
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become a potent contender in the fight against microbial infections, especially in the context of the rising antibiotic resistance crisis. Recently, there has been significant interest in polyphenolic natural products as potential photosensitizers (PSs) in aPDT, given their unique chemical structures and inherent antimicrobial properties. Polyphenolic natural products, abundant and readily obtainable from natural sources, are generally regarded as safe and highly compatible with the human body. This comprehensive review focuses on the latest developments and future implications of using natural polyphenols as PSs in aPDT. Paramount polyphenolic compounds, including curcumin, hypericin, quercetin, hypocrellin, celastrol, riboflavin, resveratrol, gallic acid, and aloe emodin, are elaborated upon with respect to their structural characteristics, absorption properties, and antimicrobial effects. Furthermore, the aPDT mechanism, specifically its targeted action on microbial cells and biofilms, is also discussed. Polyphenolic natural products demonstrate immense potential as PSs in aPDT, representing a promising alternate approach to counteract antibiotic-resistant bacteria and biofilm-related infections.
Topics: Humans; Photosensitizing Agents; Photochemotherapy; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 38022517
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1275859