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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Traditionally, species are widely used in traditional medicine, human food, and animal feed. Recently, special attention has been dedicated to seeds as source of... (Review)
Review
Traditionally, species are widely used in traditional medicine, human food, and animal feed. Recently, special attention has been dedicated to seeds as source of health-promoting phytochemicals. This review provides a summary of recent research on the seed phytochemistry, bioactivity, dietary importance, and toxicity by screening the major online scientific database sources and papers published in recent decades by Elsevier, Springer, and John Wiley. The search was conducted covering the period from January 1964 to July 2022. Phytochemically, polyphenols, glucosinolates, and their degradation products were the predominant secondary metabolites in seeds. Different extracts and their purified constituents from seeds of species have been found to possess a wide range of biological properties including antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and neuroprotective activities. These valuable functional properties of seeds are related to their richness in active compounds responsible for the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases such as obesity, diabetes, cancer, and COVID-19. Currently, the potential properties of seeds and their components are the main focus of research, but their toxicity and health risks must also be accounted for.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Brassica; COVID-19; Ethnopharmacology; Glucosinolates; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Seeds
PubMed: 36144744
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186008 -
Fitoterapia Jun 2019The phytochemical investigation of Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) yielded four new compounds, including a rare cadalene-type sesquiterpene (tirucadalenone), two...
The phytochemical investigation of Euphorbia tirucalli L. (Euphorbiaceae) yielded four new compounds, including a rare cadalene-type sesquiterpene (tirucadalenone), two tirucallane triterpenoids, euphorol L and euphorol M, with the latter being described as an epimeric mixture, and a euphane triterpene, namely, euphorol N, together with 7 known compounds. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated from analysis of 1D (1H, J-modulated C) and 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC and NOESY), high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), optical rotation, and GIAO NMR shift calculation followed by CP3 analysis, along with comparison with literature reports. All these compounds were tested for cytotoxicity against K562, MCF-7 and/or and HepG2 tumor cell lines. Only tirucadalenone displayed a mild cytotoxic activity.
Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Euphorbia; Humans; Phytochemicals; Terpenes
PubMed: 30995563
DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2019.04.001 -
Journal of Ethnopharmacology Jan 2023Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan is an endemic tree to South America and different parts of it are used by the population for the treatment of various diseases, as... (Review)
Review
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan is an endemic tree to South America and different parts of it are used by the population for the treatment of various diseases, as well as in indigenous rituals. This species has high pharmacological potential but may present toxic potential due to the presence of psychotropic compounds.
AIM OF THE STUDY
To review published studies with the species A. colubrina regarding ethnobotanical, phytochemical, pharmacological and toxicological aspects, as well as discuss perspectives for new research and protection of this species.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A literature review was performed by accessing published articles on databases such as: PubMed, Science Direct, Scielo, Scopus, Taylor and Francis online, Springer Link, National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), ACS Publications, Chemspider and Google Scholar. The keywords used were: "Anadenanthera colubrina" or "Mimosa colubrina" or "Piptadenia colubrina" or "Piptadenia macrocarpa" or "Piptadenia grata" or "Anadenanthera macrocarpa" and "medicinal plants" or "pharmacological" or "phytochemicals" or "traditional use" or "toxicological" or "ethnobotanical" or "pre-clinical trial" or "clinical". Articles found by database searches and search engines were screened at four stages: (i) title screening, (ii) locality screening, (iii) abstract screening, and (iv) full text. Other articles found through supplementary searches were screened in the full text whenever available. Each article was assessed by three reviewers at the title and abstract screening stages, except for those found in Portuguese databases that were assessed by the native reviewer.
RESULTS
This robust tree has been popularly useful for agroeconomic, medicinal and as a hallucinogen in religious rituals. According to the published studies, the main parts of the plant are the bark and seeds that are mostly used for respiratory conditions and as entheogens, respectively. It is a rich traditional herbal medicine with many pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, antidiarrheal, wound healing, antimicrobial, antitumoral, antioxidant, antiaddictive, insecticide and allelopathic that were described in in vitro and in vivo assays, and approximately 56 compounds were identified, suggesting a therapeutic potential for this species. Although most relate to medicinal uses, these are preliminaries and do not show the mechanism of action. The phytochemical assays showed the presence of phenolic compounds, flavonoids, triterpenes, steroids and alkaloids. Some of the compounds are anadanthoflavone, which is exclusive to this species, and no pharmacological or toxicological studies have yet demonstrated this compound. Another important compound is bufotenine which was isolated from seeds and is related to hallucinogenic and antiviral activity. The extracts made from leaves, bark, gum, and fruits appear to be safe, according to both in vivo and in vitro toxicology testing, which all shown low toxicity. Due to the presence of bufotenine in the seeds, it can be toxic, however, it was not found in toxicological assays with the seed extracts.
CONCLUSIONS
Therefore, part of the studies confirms the popular use of A. colubrina, however, more assays with isolated compounds and with the different extracts are necessary to corroborate other uses and the mechanism of action of their pharmacological effects needs to discuss in more detail. Therefore, the present review would be identified the gaps and suggests further studies oriented to validate the popular use. Thus, it must be noted that the use of this species must be controlled in order to minimize the environmental impact, as most of the pharmacological potential was shown with the bark and seeds. Due to its wide use in folk medicine, it is part of the Brazilian medicinal species with priority for conservation.
Topics: Alkaloids; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antidiarrheals; Antioxidants; Antiviral Agents; Brazil; Bufotenin; Colubrina; Ethnopharmacology; Fabaceae; Flavonoids; Hallucinogens; Insecticides; Phytochemicals; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Triterpenes
PubMed: 36162548
DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115745 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2023Infertility and obstetric complications have become global health issues in the past few years. Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive even... (Review)
Review
Infertility and obstetric complications have become global health issues in the past few years. Infertility is defined as the inability of a couple to conceive even after twelve months or more of regular and unprotected intercourse. According to WHO data published in the year 2020, 186 million people have infertility globally. Factors leading to infertility are variable in both males and females. But some common factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, obesity, and stress. Various synthetic drugs and treatment options are available that are effective in treating infertility, but their prolonged usage produces various unwanted adverse effects like hot flashes, mood swings, headaches, and weight gain. In extreme cases, these may also lead to the development of anxiety and depression. Herbal remedies have gained a lot of popularity over the years, and people's inclination toward them has increased all over the world. The prime reason is that these show significant therapeutic efficacy and have fewer side effects. The therapeutic efficacy of plants can be attributed to the presence of diverse phytochemical classes of constituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, and volatile oils. These secondary metabolites, or phytomolecules, can be used to develop herbal formulations. The review highlights the applications and mechanisms of action of various phytochemicals for treating infertility. Also, it focuses on the various future prospects associated with it.
Topics: Male; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Infertility; Phytochemicals; Alkaloids
PubMed: 37215366
DOI: 10.1155/2023/1327562 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2020is an Algerian-Tunisian endemic species, which has not been studied yet. Ethyl acetate (EA) and -butanol (Bu) fractions obtained from were investigated for their...
is an Algerian-Tunisian endemic species, which has not been studied yet. Ethyl acetate (EA) and -butanol (Bu) fractions obtained from were investigated for their health benefit properties, in particular with respect to in vivo/in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities, as well as their potential to inhibit key enzymes with impact in diabetes (α-glucosidase and α-amylase). The fractions had a distinct phytochemical composition, of which EA was richer in total phenolic compounds (225 mg GAE/g) and mostly composed of the phenylethanoid acetyl martynoside. Compared to EA, Bu had higher amounts of total flavonoids, and according to the result obtained from UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS analysis, harpagoside (iridoid) was its major phytochemical. EA fraction was quite promising with regard to the in vivo (at 200 mg/kg, po) anti-inflammatory effect (62% and 52% for carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and xylene-induced ear edema tests, respectively), while Bu fraction exhibited a stronger antioxidant capacity in all tests (IC = 68 µg/mL, IC = 18 µg/mL, IC = 18 µg/mL and A = 43 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS, O scavenging assays and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity method, respectively). Both fractions also showed a strong effect against α-amylase enzyme (IC = 8 µg/mL and 10 µg/mL for EA and Bu fraction, respectively).
Topics: 1-Butanol; Acetates; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antioxidants; Carrageenan; Edema; Female; Flavonoids; Free Radicals; Phytochemicals; Rats; Scrophularia; Xylenes
PubMed: 32260127
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25071647 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021is a medicine plant possessing many bioactive properties. This paper focused on phytochemical screening (alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and anthraquinone),...
is a medicine plant possessing many bioactive properties. This paper focused on phytochemical screening (alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tannin, and anthraquinone), quantification of polyphenol and flavonoids, and activating evaluation of antioxidants and antimicrobial properties against of different extracts from grown in Binh Thuan, Vietnam. The best activity fraction was used for purification and determining bioactive ingredients. The results showed that the phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids in the ethyl acetate fraction. Saponin and anthraquinone did not present in all extracts. The content of polyphenol and flavonoid of stem was in the range of 16.65-106.32 mg EqAG/g and 97.97-450.83 μg QE/g. The ethyl acetate fraction showed higher amounts of polyphenol and flavonoids and antimicrobial activity against than other fractions. The antioxidant (SC50) activity of stem was in the range of 12.91 ± 0.70 and 528.33 ± 25.15 μg/mL. At concentrations of 5.0 and 7.5 mg/mL, the diameter of inhibition of the ethyl acetate fraction was 14.33 ± 0.76 mm and 17.87 ± 0.57 mm, respectively. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) was 0.156 mg/mL. Scopoletin, gallic acid, and piperic acid got MICs corresponding to 78, 312, and 312 μg/mL, respectively. Scopoletin, gallic acid, and piperic acid were found in the ethyl acetate fraction of Euphorbia tirucalli and exhibited the treatment of citrus bacteria canker and plant diseases.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Euphorbia; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Vietnam; Xanthomonas axonopodis
PubMed: 33578946
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26040941 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2023L. is one of the most known medicinal plants with a broad spectrum of applications in the treatment of inflammation, pain, microbial infections and gastrointestinal...
L. is one of the most known medicinal plants with a broad spectrum of applications in the treatment of inflammation, pain, microbial infections and gastrointestinal disorders. In recent years, the extracts from have also been applied in cosmetics with cleansing, moisturizing, shooting, conditioning and skin-lightening properties. The growing demand for naturally derived active substances, worsening environmental pollution and excessive use of natural resources are causing increased interest in the development of alternative methods for the production of plant-based ingredients. In vitro plant cultures are an eco-friendly tool for continuous production of desired plant metabolites, with increasing applicability in cosmetics and dietary supplements. The purpose of the study was to compare phytochemical composition and antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory properties of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts from obtained from field conditions (AmL and AmH extracts) and in vitro cultures (AmIV extracts). In vitro microshoot cultures of were obtained directly from seeds and harvested following 3 weeks of culture. Extracts prepared in water, 50% ethanol and 96% ethanol were compared for the total polyphenolic content, phytochemical content using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-hr-qTOF/MS), antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging assay and the influence on the activity of mushroom and murine tyrosinases. The phytochemical content of AmIV extracts was significantly different from AmL and AmH extracts. Most of the polyphenolic compounds identified in AmL and AmH extracts were present in AmIV extracts only in trace amounts and the major constituents presented in AmIV extracts were fatty acids. The total content of polyphenols in AmIV exceeded 0.25 mg GAE/g of dried extract, whereas AmL and AmH extracts contained from 0.46 ± 0.01 to 2.63 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g of dried extract, depending on the solvent used. The low content of polyphenols was most likely responsible for the low antioxidant activity of AmIV extracts (IC values in DPPH scavenging assay >400 µg/mL) and the lack of tyrosinase inhibitory properties. AmIV extracts increased the activity of mushroom tyrosinase and tyrosinase present in B16F10 murine melanoma cells, whereas AmL and AmH extracts showed significant inhibitory potential. The presented data indicated that microshoot cultures of require further experimental research before they can be implemented as a valuable raw material for the cosmetics industry.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Achillea; Antioxidants; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Polyphenols; Plant Extracts; Phytochemicals; Plant Leaves; Cosmetics; Ethanol; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute
PubMed: 37375348
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124791 -
Nutrients May 2022Liver disease is a global health burden with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Liver injuries can develop into severe end-stage diseases, such as cirrhosis or... (Review)
Review
Liver disease is a global health burden with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. Liver injuries can develop into severe end-stage diseases, such as cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, without valid treatment. Therefore, identifying novel drugs may promote liver disease treatment. Phytochemicals, including polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenes, are abundant in foods and medicinal plants and have various bioactivities, such as antioxidation, immunoregulation, and tumor killing. Recent studies have shown that many natural polysaccharides play protective roles in liver disease models in vitro and in vivo, such as fatty liver disease, alcoholic liver disease, drug-induced liver injury, and liver cancer. The mechanisms of liver disease are complex. Notably, ferroptosis, a new type of cell death driven by iron and lipid peroxidation, is considered to be the key mechanism in many hepatic pathologies. Therefore, polysaccharides and other types of phytochemicals with activities in ferroptosis regulation provide novel therapeutic strategies for ferroptosis-related liver diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms of ferroptosis and liver injury and compelling preclinical evidence of natural bioactive polysaccharides and phytochemicals in treating liver disease.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Ferroptosis; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Phytochemicals; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 35684103
DOI: 10.3390/nu14112303 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2022(L.) Correa (Bael) fruit, a member of the Rutaceae family, is a major cultivated fruit plant in tropical and subtropical regions in countries of southeast Asia. Bael... (Review)
Review
(L.) Correa (Bael) fruit, a member of the Rutaceae family, is a major cultivated fruit plant in tropical and subtropical regions in countries of southeast Asia. Bael fruit has been a major topic for studies in recent years mainly due to its high nutritional (carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, and vitamins) value and presence of various phytochemicals, which attributed to its high medicinal value. These phytochemicals include various compounds, e.g., alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolic acids (protocatechuic acid, gallic, and ellagic acid). The fruit extract of bael has been also an important study area for its pharmacological activities, including antidiarrheal, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, radioprotective, anticancer, antiulcer properties. The current review mainly highlighted the nutritional and pharmacological activities of bael fruit. The nutritional profile and phytochemical profile were discussed in the review, along with their concentration in the fruit. Moreover, the experiments carried out in vivo and in vitro of bael fruit extracts with respect to their pharmacological activities were also discussed in the article. The recent literature based on nutritional and pharmacological values of bael fruit showed its high potential as a food and pharmaceutical product. Despite having high nutritional and pharmacological value, research related to molecular mechanisms of bael fruit is still limited, and clinical trials are needed to ensure its safety as a product in the food and pharma industries.
Topics: Aegle; Alkaloids; Antidiarrheals; Antioxidants; Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Ellagic Acid; Flavonoids; Fruit; Hypoglycemic Agents; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Rutaceae; Vitamins
PubMed: 36142805
DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810889 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2021The genus (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes (Retz.) Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild... (Review)
Review
The genus (family: Athyriaceae) comprises approximately 350 species of pteridophytes (Retz.) Sw. is an important member of this genus and commonly known as a wild vegetable in the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan communities. According to the literature analysis, was traditionally used for the prevention or treatment of several diseases such as diabetes, smallpox, asthma, diarrhea, rheumatism, dysentery, headache, fever, wounds, pain, measles, hypertension, constipation, oligospermia, bone fracture, and glandular swellings. Various extracts of were evaluated to elucidate their phytochemical and pharmacological activities. A wide array of pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, CNS stimulant, and antianaphylactic activities have been recognized in different parts of . The review covers a systematic examination of pharmacognosy, phytochemistry, and pharmacological applications of , but scientifically, it is not fully assessed regarding complete therapeutic effects, toxicity, and safety in the human body. The published literature on and its therapeutic properties were collected from different search engines including Wiley online, PubMed, Springer Link, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ACS publications by using specific terms such as " bioactive compounds, biological activities and health benefits" from 1984 to 2021 (March). Therefore, further studies are required to identify the detailed action mechanism of , and also, more studies should focus on conservation, cultivation, and sustainable utilization of the species.
Topics: Ferns; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 34512863
DOI: 10.1155/2021/1917890