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Nutrients Apr 2022Phytonutrients comprise many different chemicals, including carotenoids, indoles, glucosinolates, organosulfur compounds, phytosterols, polyphenols, and saponins. This... (Review)
Review
Phytonutrients comprise many different chemicals, including carotenoids, indoles, glucosinolates, organosulfur compounds, phytosterols, polyphenols, and saponins. This review focuses on the human healthcare benefits of seven phytochemical families and highlights the significant potential contribution of phytonutrients in the prevention and management of pathologies and symptoms in the field of family health. The structure and function of these phytochemical families and their dietary sources are presented, along with an overview of their potential activities across different health and therapeutic targets. This evaluation has enabled complementary effects of the different families of phytonutrients in the same area of health to be recognized.
Topics: Antioxidants; Carotenoids; Delivery of Health Care; Flavonoids; Humans; Phytochemicals; Polyphenols
PubMed: 35565680
DOI: 10.3390/nu14091712 -
Journal of Biosciences 2021In this review article, the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of L. (Apocynaceae) are discussed. This plant has applications in traditional... (Review)
Review
In this review article, the ethnobotanical, phytochemical, and pharmacological properties of L. (Apocynaceae) are discussed. This plant has applications in traditional folk medicine as analgesic, anticonvulsant, a cardiotonic and for hypotensive activity. Phytoconstituents of this plant are secondary metabolites like saponins, terpenoids, and alkaloids along with phenolic acids, flavonoids, cardiac glycosides, steroids, iridoids, lignans, and other compounds. The major phytochemical compounds are cardiac glycosides followed by terpenoids and phenolic acids. Again, the leaf has greater types and numbers of phytochemicals, followed by the fruit, seed, stem, and root. The plant also shows many pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, DNA damage protection, and antimicrobial. This review could help researchers in further investigations in these directions.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Apocynaceae; Ethnobotany; Humans; Phytochemicals; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 33737498
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutrients Apr 2023Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in food ingredients with a variety of health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals improve host health through their direct... (Review)
Review
Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in food ingredients with a variety of health-promoting properties. Phytochemicals improve host health through their direct systematic absorption into the circulation and modulation of the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota increases the bioactivity of phytochemicals and is a symbiotic partner whose composition and/or diversity is altered by phytochemicals and affects host health. In this review, the interactions of phytochemicals with the gut microbiota and their impact on human diseases are reviewed. We describe the role of intestinal microbial metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids, amino acid derivatives, and vitamins, from a therapeutic perspective. Next, phytochemical metabolites produced by the gut microbiota and the therapeutic effect of some selected metabolites are reviewed. Many phytochemicals are degraded by enzymes unique to the gut microbiota and act as signaling molecules in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and metabolic pathways. Phytochemicals can ameliorate diseases by altering the composition and/or diversity of the gut microbiota, and they increase the abundance of some gut microbiota that produce beneficial substances. We also discuss the importance of investigating the interactions between phytochemicals and gut microbiota in controlled human studies.
Topics: Humans; Microbiota; Colon; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 37111207
DOI: 10.3390/nu15081989 -
The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical... Jun 2022Amauroderma rugosum (AR) is a basidiomycete in the Ganodermataceae family that has been used traditionally to prevent epileptic attacks and constant crying in babies.... (Review)
Review
Amauroderma rugosum (AR) is a basidiomycete in the Ganodermataceae family that has been used traditionally to prevent epileptic attacks and constant crying in babies. However, AR has not been widely studied scientifically. In this review, we summarize the phytochemical components and pharmacological properties of AR that have been reported in the literature. Chemical analyses have revealed that the components of AR include sterols, flavonoids, fatty acids and esters, aromatic acids and esters, phenols, polysaccharides, and triterpenes. Pharmacological properties of AR include antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-epileptic, and antibacterial effects. These findings suggest that AR and its bioactive ingredients have potential therapeutic applications, particularly for age-related diseases.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Esters; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Polyporaceae
PubMed: 35548873
DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12554 -
Marine Drugs May 2022Since ancient times, seaweeds have been employed as source of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that could act as key medicinal components. Furthermore, research... (Review)
Review
Since ancient times, seaweeds have been employed as source of highly bioactive secondary metabolites that could act as key medicinal components. Furthermore, research into the biological activity of certain seaweed compounds has progressed significantly, with an emphasis on their composition and application for human and animal nutrition. Seaweeds have many uses: they are consumed as fodder, and have been used in medicines, cosmetics, energy, fertilizers, and industrial agar and alginate biosynthesis. The beneficial effects of seaweed are mostly due to the presence of minerals, vitamins, phenols, polysaccharides, and sterols, as well as several other bioactive compounds. These compounds seem to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antimicrobial, and anti-diabetic activities. Recent advances and limitations for seaweed bioactive as a nutraceutical in terms of bioavailability are explored in order to better comprehend their therapeutic development. To further understand the mechanism of action of seaweed chemicals, more research is needed as is an investigation into their potential usage in pharmaceutical companies and other applications, with the ultimate objective of developing sustainable and healthier products. The objective of this review is to collect information about the role of seaweeds on nutritional, pharmacological, industrial, and biochemical applications, as well as their impact on human health.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Dietary Supplements; Phytochemicals; Polysaccharides; Seaweed
PubMed: 35736145
DOI: 10.3390/md20060342 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020(Saxifragaceae) genus is native to central Asia and encompasses 32 known species. Among these, nine are of pharmacological relevance. In the Indian system of... (Review)
Review
(Saxifragaceae) genus is native to central Asia and encompasses 32 known species. Among these, nine are of pharmacological relevance. In the Indian system of traditional medicine (Ayurveda), "Pashanabheda" (stone breaker) is an elite drug formulation obtained from the rhizomes of . species also possess several other biological activities like diuretic, antidiabetic, antitussive, insecticidal, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anti-bradykinin, antiviral, antibacterial, antimalarial, hepatoprotective, antiulcer, anticancer, antioxidant, antiobesity, and adaptogenic. This review provides explicit information on the traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological significance of the genus . The extant literature concerned was systematically collected from various databases, weblinks, blogs, books, and theses to select 174 references for detailed analysis. To date, 152 chemical constituents have been identified and characterized from the genus that belong to the chemical classes of polyphenols, phenolic-glycosides, lactones, quinones, sterols, tannins, terpenes, and others. alone possesses 104 bioactive compounds. Meticulous pharmacological and phytochemical studies on species and its conservation could yield more reliable compounds and products of pharmacological significance for better healthcare.
Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Saxifragaceae
PubMed: 33256153
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235555 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2023is a plant genus within the Rutaceae family comprising over 17 species, which are widely distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, these... (Review)
Review
is a plant genus within the Rutaceae family comprising over 17 species, which are widely distributed in Asia, Australia, and the Pacific Islands. Furthermore, these species have been used in traditional medicine to treat fever, pain, and dysentery. Several reports have also extensively studied the leaves, seeds, stembark, and bark of from 1965 to 2023 to explore their natural product composition. Various phytochemical studies have revealed the isolation of 413 compounds recorded, comprising coumarins, terpenoids, flavonoids, and aromatics, as well as alkaloids, which constitute the largest proportion (46.9%). These isolated compounds have long been known to exhibit different bioactivities, such as cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory properties. Cytotoxic activity has been observed against HCT 116, HeLa, HepG2, and other cell lines. Previous studies have also reported the presence of antifungal, hepatoprotective, antihyperlipidemic, antidiarrheal, and antioxidant effects. Therefore, this review provides a comprehensive overview of species, highlighting their phytochemistry, biological activities, and potential as a source of active natural compounds.
Topics: Murraya; Medicine, Traditional; Plant Extracts; Alkaloids; Rutaceae; Phytochemicals; Ethnopharmacology; Phytotherapy
PubMed: 37570872
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155901 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Recent studies on the ethnomedicinal use of suggest promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and antiviral properties for this plant. Extraction of the leaves... (Review)
Review
Recent studies on the ethnomedicinal use of suggest promising anti-inflammatory, anti-tumorigenic, and antiviral properties for this plant. Extraction of the leaves with polar and nonpolar solvents has yielded many C-glycosyl flavones, including schaftoside, isoorientin, orientin, isovitexin, and vitexin. Aside from studies with different extracts, there is increasing interest to understand the properties of these components, especially regarding their ability to exert anti-inflammatory effects on cells and tissues. A major focus for this review is to obtain information on the effects of extracts and its phytochemical components on inflammatory signaling pathways in the peripheral and central nervous system. Particular emphasis is placed on their role to target the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-NF-kB pathway and pro-inflammatory cytokines, the antioxidant defense pathway involving nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1); and the phospholipase A (PLA) pathway linking to cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and production of eicosanoids. The ability to provide a better understanding of the molecular targets and mechanism of action of extracts and their phytochemical components should encourage future studies to develop new therapeutic strategies for better use of this herb to combat inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Acanthaceae; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves
PubMed: 35684542
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113607 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2022
Topics: Glycemic Control; Insulin; Phytochemicals
PubMed: 35573997
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.906690 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Apr 2018Psoralea corylifolia L. (Leguminosae) is a well-known traditional medicinal plant used from ancient times for treatment of various ailments. It is widely distributed and... (Review)
Review
Psoralea corylifolia L. (Leguminosae) is a well-known traditional medicinal plant used from ancient times for treatment of various ailments. It is widely distributed and an important part of therapeutics in Ayurveda and in Chinese medicines. The aim of this review is to present comprehensive and most up to date report on its ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, clinical, phytochemical, and side effects. Studies on the ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, clinical, phytochemical, and side effects of P. corylifolia were published until year 2017 and were searched using various scientific databases. The scientific literature searched revealed that these plant species has been extensively investigated in vivo and in vitro for various biological and phytochemical studies. It has cardiotonic, vasodilator, pigmentor, antitumor, antibacterial, cytotoxic, and anti-helminthic properties and locally used for alopecia, inflammation, leukoderma, leprosy, psoriasis, and eczema. So far, about a hundred bioactive compounds have been isolated from seeds and fruits, and most important compounds identified belongs to coumarins, flavonoids, and meroterpenes groups. This review article summarized the most updated scientific literature on bioactive phytochemical and biological activities of P. corylifolia. This article will be a useful addition to providing information for future research, and more standard clinical trials are needed for the plant to be used as therapeutic agent.
Topics: Animals; Ethnopharmacology; Humans; Phytochemicals; Plants, Medicinal; Psoralea
PubMed: 29243333
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6006