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Journal of the National Cancer Institute Apr 2022
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Genes, BRCA1; Genes, BRCA2; Humans; Neoplasms
PubMed: 35048983
DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djac006 -
Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Oct 2017
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral; Female; History, 20th Century; Humans; Norway; Pregnancy
PubMed: 29094558
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.17.0665 -
Swiss Medical Weekly 2016
Topics: Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Female; Genetic Testing; Humans; Polymorphism, Genetic; Predictive Value of Tests; Risk Assessment; Thromboembolism
PubMed: 27922173
DOI: 10.4414/smw.2016.14392 -
Current Hypertension Reports May 2021Oral contraceptive pill-induced hypertension (OCPIH) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) share common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms, yet the... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Oral contraceptive pill-induced hypertension (OCPIH) and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) share common risk factors and pathophysiological mechanisms, yet the bidirectional relationship between these two conditions is not well-established. We review and describe OCPIH and HDP to better understand how hormonal and metabolic imbalances affect hypertension.
RECENT FINDINGS
Oral contraceptive pills continue to be a popular method of contraception, with an incidence of OCPIH ranging from 1-8.5% among OCP users. HDP have an incidence of 5-10% of all pregnancies in the USA and have been shown to be a powerful predictor of lifetime adverse cardiovascular outcomes, including future hypertension. OCPIH and HDP share common risk factors such as age, BMI, past personal and family history of hypertension, as well as pathogenic mechanisms, including alterations in hormonal metabolism and the renin angiotensin aldosterone system; imbalance of vasodilator-vasoconstrictor compounds; and changes in the cardiovascular system. Future research should address additional potential mechanisms that underlie hypertension in these two conditions where endocrine changes, either physiological (pregnancy) or iatrogenic (use of OCP), play a role. This may lead to novel, targeted treatment options to improve hypertension management and overall cardiovascular risk profile management in this subset of young female patients.
Topics: Cardiovascular System; Contraceptives, Oral, Combined; Female; Humans; Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced; Pregnancy; Renin-Angiotensin System; Risk Factors
PubMed: 33982185
DOI: 10.1007/s11906-021-01147-4 -
Bulletin of the World Health... Aug 2022Self-care interventions include over-the-counter contraceptives, which enable individuals to make informed, autonomous decisions about fertility management. As there is... (Review)
Review
Self-care interventions include over-the-counter contraceptives, which enable individuals to make informed, autonomous decisions about fertility management. As there is a substantial unmet need for contraception in many countries, increasing access by establishing sound, affordable and effective regulation of over-the-counter contraceptives could help reduce unintended pregnancies and improve maternal health. We performed a review of 30 globally diverse countries: (i) to assess national regulatory procedures for changing oral contraceptives, emergency contraceptives and injectable contraceptives from prescription-only to over-the-counter products; and (ii) to determine whether national lists of over-the-counter medicines included contraceptives. Of the 30 countries, 13 (43%) had formal regulatory procedures in place for changing prescription-only medicines to over-the-counter medicines, 11 (36%) had national lists of over-the-counter medicines, and four (13%) included contraceptives on those lists. Changing from prescription-only to over-the-counter medicines presents challenges for national medicines regulatory authorities and manufacturers, involving, for example, reporting side-effects, quality control and the often poorly-defined process of switching to over-the-counter products. To facilitate the over-the-counter availability of contraceptives, countries should consider adopting a formal regulatory procedure for reclassifying prescription-only contraceptives as over-the-counter contraceptives. Although the availability of over-the-counter contraceptives can increase users' independence and anonymity and improve access, there may also be disadvantages, such as higher out-of-pocket costs and the need for accurate self-assessment. Basic remedial actions to improve, harmonize and standardize regulatory procedures for the reclassification of contraceptives are proposed with the aim of enabling national medicines regulatory authorities to manage the switch to over-the-counter contraceptives and to control their quality.
Topics: Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Health Expenditures; Humans; Nonprescription Drugs; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unplanned
PubMed: 35923274
DOI: 10.2471/BLT.21.287561 -
Cephalalgia : An International Journal... Jan 2024Migraine is a common disorder, particularly affecting women during their reproductive years. This female preponderance has been linked to exposure to female sex hormones.
BACKGROUND
Migraine is a common disorder, particularly affecting women during their reproductive years. This female preponderance has been linked to exposure to female sex hormones.
METHODS
We used self-reported data from women born in 1943-1965 enrolled in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study to examine the differences between women with migraine and women without migraine in a prospective design with respect to both endogenous and exogenous female sex hormone exposure.
RESULTS
In total, 62,959 women were included in the study, of whom 24.8% reported previous migraine (n = 15,635). Using a Cox proportional hazards model, we found that higher age at menarche reduced the risk of migraine (hazards ratio (HR) = 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-0.98) and that oral contraceptive use and parity increased the risk of migraine (HR = 1.12, 95% CI = 1.06-1.18 and HR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.29-1.46, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Older age at menarche appears to reduce migraine risk, whereas oral contraceptive use and having children appear to increase the risk. Further research is required to investigate the causality of these associations.
Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Female; Humans; Aged, 80 and over; Menopause; Estrogens; Migraine Disorders; Risk Factors; Contraceptives, Oral
PubMed: 38215242
DOI: 10.1177/03331024231225972 -
The Netherlands Journal of Medicine Aug 2018
Topics: Anticoagulants; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Male; Netherlands; Primary Prevention; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Severity of Illness Index; Treatment Outcome; Venous Thromboembolism
PubMed: 30152394
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia E... Dec 2021Women have metabolic, immunological, and genetic variables that ensure more protection from coronavirus infection. However, the indication of treatment for several... (Review)
Review
Women have metabolic, immunological, and genetic variables that ensure more protection from coronavirus infection. However, the indication of treatment for several pathologies and contraception is determined by hormones that have adverse effects and raise doubts about their use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the present study searches women specificities and the relation between female sexual hormones and COVID-19, and reports the main recommendations in this background. To this end, a review of the literature was conducted in the main databases, auxiliary data sources, and official websites. Therefore, considering the hypercoagulability status of COVID-19, the debate about the use of contraceptives due to the relative risk of thromboembolic effects that they impose arises. However, the current available evidence, as well as the recommendations of main health organs around the world, demonstrate that the use of hormonal contraceptives must be maintained during the pandemic.
Topics: COVID-19; Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Female; Hormones; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34933388
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1740208 -
Medecine Sciences : M/S 2020
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Commerce; Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Family Planning Policy; Female; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Humans; Intrauterine Devices, Medicated; Legislation as Topic; Male; Tablets; United States
PubMed: 32821039
DOI: 10.1051/medsci/2020125 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Jul 2021: Uterine fibroids develop in 25-40% of women of childbearing age; however, there are discrepancies resulting from population and socioeconomic differences. The...
: Uterine fibroids develop in 25-40% of women of childbearing age; however, there are discrepancies resulting from population and socioeconomic differences. The pathogenesis of fibroids is not clear. The aim of the study was to assess the potential connection between the use of oral contraceptives and the occurrence of uterine fibroids in women of childbearing age. : In this prospective, survey, case-control study, data were collected from Caucasian female patients (mean age = 30) using a questionnaire concerning the onset, duration and form of hormonal contraception, and medical and obstetrical history. The questionnaires were handed personally to hospitalized patients as well as distributed through Google forms on social media. : In a study group ( = 140) of patients using hormonal contraception, 37.8% of them were diagnosed with uterine fibroids, whereas among the patients not using hormonal contraception ( = 206), uterine fibroids were diagnosed in 59.6% of the patients. The most common hormonal contraception was two-component hormonal tablets used by 93.3% of the patients. Taking contraceptives was a uterine fibroids protective factor (OR = 0.4, = 0.007). In the study group, 5.5% of the patients were pregnant and 60.42% were diagnosed with uterine fibroids (OR = 4.4, < 0.000001). : Contraception was found to be a protective factor for uterine fibroids among the women surveyed. The presented data confirm the theory about the hormonal dependence of uterine fibroids.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Contraception; Contraceptives, Oral; Female; Humans; Leiomyoma; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34356998
DOI: 10.3390/medicina57070717