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Journal of Clinical and Translational... Oct 2020Radiomics has revolutionized the world of medical imaging. The aim of this review is to guide oncologists in radiomics and its applications in diagnosis, prediction of...
UNLABELLED
Radiomics has revolutionized the world of medical imaging. The aim of this review is to guide oncologists in radiomics and its applications in diagnosis, prediction of response and damage, prediction of survival, and prognosis in lung cancer. In this review, we analyzed published literature on PubMed and MEDLINE with papers published in the last 10 years. We included papers in English language with information about radiomics features and diagnostic, predictive, and prognosis of radiomics in lung cancer. All citations were evaluated for relevant content and validation.
RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS
The evolution of technology allows the development of computer algorithms that facilitate the diagnosis and evaluation of response after different oncological treatments and their non-invasive follow-up.
PubMed: 33521373
DOI: No ID Found -
The Open Dentistry Journal 2017For patients whose centric relation (CR) has not been considered at the start and during treatment, the task of achieving an occlusal scheme that works together with the... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
For patients whose centric relation (CR) has not been considered at the start and during treatment, the task of achieving an occlusal scheme that works together with the temporomandibular joint, the muscles, and the structures of the stomatognathic apparatus becomes a major concern.
OBJECTIVE
This study aims to describe a reproducible, predictable and to date unreported procedure of selective grinding guided by an occlusal splint and to analyze condylar position (CP) based on the skeletal pattern.
METHODS
A total of 72 symptomatic patients (38 females and 34 males) were classified into three groups: hyperdivergent, intermediate and hypodivergent. CP was quantified by mounted casts on a measures condyle displacement (MCD) device. Helkimo index was also performed in order to assess the severity of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders attending to clinical dysfunction, occlusal state and anamnestic dysfunction. Once the stability had been obtained, the splint was progressively reduced until the maximum intercuspation (MIC) was achieved.
RESULTS
The vertical displacement was found to be significantly different between the hyperdivergent and other two groups (<0.01). Comparisons of MCD analysis before and after the selective grinding procedure identified a statistically significant difference in the horizontal and vertical CP (<0.01) between the different groups whereas the Helkimo Index showed a clear improvement of TMJ disorders.
CONCLUSION
All facial types, specially the hyperdivergent face type, showed a reduction in condylar displacement (CD) and less craniomandibular symptoms using this procedure, making it an excellent technique for clinicians.
PubMed: 28839479
DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010301 -
Genome Biology and Evolution Dec 2017Vertebrate (cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein) and Drosophila (prolonged depolarization afterpotential is not apparent [PINTA]) proteins with a CRAL-TRIO domain...
Vertebrate (cellular retinaldehyde-binding protein) and Drosophila (prolonged depolarization afterpotential is not apparent [PINTA]) proteins with a CRAL-TRIO domain transport retinal-based chromophores that bind to opsin proteins and are necessary for phototransduction. The CRAL-TRIO domain gene family is composed of genes that encode proteins with a common N-terminal structural domain. Although there is an expansion of this gene family in Lepidoptera, there is no lepidopteran ortholog of pinta. Further, the function of these genes in lepidopterans has not yet been established. Here, we explored the molecular evolution and expression of CRAL-TRIO domain genes in the butterfly Heliconius melpomene in order to identify a member of this gene family as a candidate chromophore transporter. We generated and searched a four tissue transcriptome and searched a reference genome for CRAL-TRIO domain genes. We expanded an insect CRAL-TRIO domain gene phylogeny to include H. melpomene and used 18 genomes from 4 subspecies to assess copy number variation. A transcriptome-wide differential expression analysis comparing four tissue types identified a CRAL-TRIO domain gene, Hme CTD31, upregulated in heads suggesting a potential role in vision for this CRAL-TRIO domain gene. RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry confirmed that Hme CTD31 and its protein product are expressed in the retina, specifically in primary and secondary pigment cells and in tracheal cells. Sequencing of eye protein extracts that fluoresce in the ultraviolet identified Hme CTD31 as a possible chromophore binding protein. Although we found several recent duplications and numerous copy number variants in CRAL-TRIO domain genes, we identified a single copy pinta paralog that likely binds the chromophore in butterflies.
Topics: Animals; Butterflies; DNA Copy Number Variations; Evolution, Molecular; Eye Proteins; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation; Genome, Insect; Insect Proteins; Multigene Family; Phylogeny; Vision, Ocular
PubMed: 29136137
DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evx230 -
Nature Communications Oct 2017Hepatic mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of intermediary metabolism and maintenance of normoglycemia, and there is great interest in assessing rates of...
Hepatic mitochondria play a central role in the regulation of intermediary metabolism and maintenance of normoglycemia, and there is great interest in assessing rates of hepatic mitochondrial citrate synthase flux (V ) and pyruvate carboxylase flux (V ) in vivo. Here, we show that a positional isotopomer NMR tracer analysis (PINTA) method can be used to non-invasively assess rates of V and V fluxes using a combined NMR/gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of plasma following infusion of [3-C]lactate and glucose tracer. PINTA measures V and V fluxes over a wide range of physiological conditions with minimal pyruvate cycling and detects increased hepatic V following treatment with a liver-targeted mitochondrial uncoupler. Finally, validation studies in humans demonstrate that the V /V ratio measured by PINTA is similar to that determined by in vivo NMR spectroscopy. This method will provide investigators with a relatively simple tool to non-invasively examine the role of altered hepatic mitochondrial metabolism.Liver mitochondrial metabolism plays an important role for glucose and lipid homeostasis and its alterations contribute to metabolic disorders, including fatty liver and diabetes. Here Perry et al. develop a method for the measurement of hepatic fluxes by using lactate and glucose tracers in combination with NMR spectroscopy.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon-13 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutamic Acid; Humans; Lactic Acid; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Pyruvate Carboxylase; Pyruvic Acid; Rats
PubMed: 28986525
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01143-w -
The New England Journal of Medicine Sep 2017Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
Patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease remain at high risk for cardiovascular events despite effective statin-based treatment of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels. The inhibition of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) by anacetrapib reduces LDL cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, trials of other CETP inhibitors have shown neutral or adverse effects on cardiovascular outcomes.
METHODS
We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial involving 30,449 adults with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive atorvastatin therapy and who had a mean LDL cholesterol level of 61 mg per deciliter (1.58 mmol per liter), a mean non-HDL cholesterol level of 92 mg per deciliter (2.38 mmol per liter), and a mean HDL cholesterol level of 40 mg per deciliter (1.03 mmol per liter). The patients were assigned to receive either 100 mg of anacetrapib once daily (15,225 patients) or matching placebo (15,224 patients). The primary outcome was the first major coronary event, a composite of coronary death, myocardial infarction, or coronary revascularization.
RESULTS
During the median follow-up period of 4.1 years, the primary outcome occurred in significantly fewer patients in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (1640 of 15,225 patients [10.8%] vs. 1803 of 15,224 patients [11.8%]; rate ratio, 0.91; 95% confidence interval, 0.85 to 0.97; P=0.004). The relative difference in risk was similar across multiple prespecified subgroups. At the trial midpoint, the mean level of HDL cholesterol was higher by 43 mg per deciliter (1.12 mmol per liter) in the anacetrapib group than in the placebo group (a relative difference of 104%), and the mean level of non-HDL cholesterol was lower by 17 mg per deciliter (0.44 mmol per liter), a relative difference of -18%. There were no significant between-group differences in the risk of death, cancer, or other serious adverse events.
CONCLUSIONS
Among patients with atherosclerotic vascular disease who were receiving intensive statin therapy, the use of anacetrapib resulted in a lower incidence of major coronary events than the use of placebo. (Funded by Merck and others; Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN48678192 ; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01252953 ; and EudraCT number, 2010-023467-18 .).
Topics: Aged; Anticholesteremic Agents; Atherosclerosis; Cholesterol; Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins; Coronary Disease; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Incidence; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Oxazolidinones
PubMed: 28847206
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1706444 -
Journal of Clinical and Translational... Jul 2020Radiosurgery is employed for the treatment of brain metastases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of single-dose radiosurgery (SRS)...
BACKGROUND
Radiosurgery is employed for the treatment of brain metastases. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of single-dose radiosurgery (SRS) compared to hypofractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (hFSRT).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Between 2004 and 2018, we analyzed treatments of 97 patients with 135 brain metastases. Fifty-six patients were treated with SRS, and 41 patients were treated with hFSRT. Median dose was 16 Gy (12-20 Gy) for the SRS group and 30 Gy in 5-6 fractions for the hFSRT group. hFSRT was used for larger lesions and lesions located near critical structures. Kaplan-Meier curves were constructed for overall survival (OS) and local control (LC).
RESULTS
Median age was 64 years (range, 32-89 years). Median survival was 10 months (1-68 months). With a median follow-up of 10 months, no significant differences in OS between groups were found (=0.21). LC for all patients was 67%. Local progression-free survival (LPFS) at 6 months and 1 year was 71% and 60% for the SRS group, respectively, and 80% and 69% for the hFSRT group, respectively (=0.93). Although hFSRT was used for larger lesions and lesions in adverse locations, LPFS was not inferior compared to lesions treated with SRS. We observed acute toxicity grade 1-2 in 25 patients (25.8%). Late complications were observed in 11 patients (11.3%). Acute and late toxicity was similar in the SRS- and hFSRT-treated patients (=0.63 and =0.11, respectively). Brain recurrence occurred in 37.5% and 14.6% in the hFSRT and SRS group, respectively (=0.06).
CONCLUSIONS
Since patients treated with hFSRT exhibited similar survival and LPFS rates without differences in toxicity compared to those treated with SRS, hFSRT can be beneficial, particularly for patients with brain metastases.
RELEVANCE FOR PATIENTS
Hypofractionated schemes in stereotactic radiosurgery offers treatment alternatives to patients with large lesions or lesions near critical structures.
PubMed: 32875136
DOI: No ID Found -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023The environment is the main factor affecting variations in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of...
The environment is the main factor affecting variations in phytochemicals and antioxidant activity in rice. The objective of this study was to evaluate the stability of grain yield, phytochemicals and antioxidant capacity of six rice genotypes. Six rice genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with three replicates at three locations in Trat, Bangkok and Sakon Nakhon provinces in July-October 2019. Data on grain yield, yield components, total phenolic content, ferulic acid and antioxidant capacity were recorded. Grain yield was highest for crops grown in Bangkok, whereas antioxidant activity was highest for crops grown in Bangkok and Sakon Nakhon. Hom Nang Nual 1 and Mali Nil Boran had the highest grain yield. Riceberry had the highest grain yield in Trat; it also had high levels of total phenolic compounds, ferulic acid and antioxidant activity. Mali Nil Boran, Mali Nil Surin and Riceberry had the most stable total phenolic content, ferulic acid and antioxidant activity, respectively. Information on the levels and variability of phytochemicals in rice enables the selection of genotypes with high and stabile phytochemicals for production and rice breeding.
PubMed: 37570941
DOI: 10.3390/plants12152787 -
Cancer Diagnosis & Prognosis 2023The optimal imaging test for delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been defined. The hypothesis is that magnetic resonance...
BACKGROUND/AIM
The optimal imaging test for delineation of the gross tumor volume (GTV) in hepatocellular carcinoma has not been defined. The hypothesis is that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows for better visualization of the extent of tumor and will optimize the accuracy of tumor delineation for liver stereotactic radiotherapy compared with computed tomography (CT) only. We evaluated the interobserver agreement in GTV of hepatocellular carcinoma in a multicenter panel and compared MRI and CT in GTV delineation.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
After the institutional review boards approved the study, we analyzed anonymous CT and MRI obtained from five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Eight radiation oncologists at our center used CT and MRI to delineate five GTVs of liver tumors. In both CT and MRI, the GTV volumes were compared.
RESULTS
The median GTV volume on MRI was 2.4 cm (range=0.59-15.6 cm) compared to 3.5 cm (range=0.52-24.9 cm) on CT (p=0.36). The GTV volume as defined on MRI was larger or at least as large as the GTV volume on CT in two cases. Variance and standard deviation between observers in CT and MRI were minor (6 vs. 7.87 cm, and 2.5 vs. 2.8 cm respectively).
CONCLUSION
In cases with well-defined tumors, CT is easier and reproducible. In cases with no defined tumor in CT, other tools are needed and MRI can be complementary. The interobserver variability in target delineation of hepatocellular carcinoma in this study is noteworthy.
PubMed: 37405211
DOI: 10.21873/cdp.10236 -
Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology Sep 2022Resistance to antitumor treatments is one of the most important problems faced by clinicians in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Cancer-Associated...
Resistance to antitumor treatments is one of the most important problems faced by clinicians in the management of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts (CAFs) are the main producers and remodelers of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which is directly involved in drug resistance mechanisms. Primary Normal Fibroblasts (NFs) and CAFs and cell lines (fibroblasts and tumor cells), were used to generate ECM and to identify its role in the oxaliplatin and cetuximab chemoresistance processes of CRC cells mediated by SNAI1-expressing fibroblasts. Matrices generated by Snai1 KO MEFs (Knockout Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts) confer less resistance on oxaliplatin and cetuximab than wild-type MEF-derived matrices. Similarly, matrices derived from CAFs cause greater survival of colorectal cancer cells than NF-derived matrices, in a similar way to Snai1 expression levels. In addition, Snail1 expression in fibroblasts regulates drug resistance and metabolism gene expression in tumor cells mediated by ECM. Finally, a series of 531 patients (TCGA) with CRC was used to assess the role of SNAI1 expression in patients' prognosis indicating an association between tumor SNAI1 expression and overall survival in colon cancer patients but not in rectal cancer patients. SNAI1 expression in CRC cancer patients, together with in vitro experimentation, suggests the possible use of SNAI1 expression in tumor-associated fibroblasts as a predictive biomarker of response to oxaliplatin and cetuximab treatments in patients with CRC.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Cetuximab; Colorectal Neoplasms; Drug Resistance; Extracellular Matrix; Fibroblasts; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Oxaliplatin
PubMed: 35878797
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116171 -
BJS Open Mar 2021In retrospective series, mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation (MOABP) has been reported to reduce surgical-site infections (SSIs) after colectomy compared... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
In retrospective series, mechanical and oral antibiotic bowel preparation (MOABP) has been reported to reduce surgical-site infections (SSIs) after colectomy compared with no bowel preparation (NBP).
METHOD
This was a subgroup analysis of a multicentre randomized trial that included patients scheduled for elective colectomy. The MOABP group underwent mechanical bowel preparation, and took 2 g neomycin and 2 g metronidazole orally during the day before surgery. The NBP group did not undergo bowel preparation. Patients were categorized according to the side of resection (right versus left colectomy), and these subgroups compared for postoperative outcomes.
RESULTS
Among 217 patients undergoing right colectomy (106 in MOABP and 111 in NBP group), SSI was detected in seven (7 per cent) and 10 (9 per cent) patients (odds ratio (OR) 0.71, 95 per cent c.i. 0.26 to 1.95; P = 0.510), anastomotic dehiscence in two (2 per cent) and two (2 per cent) patients (OR 1.05, 0.15 to 7.58; P = 1.000), and the mean(s.d.) Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI) score was 9.4(12.9) and 10.5(18.0) (mean difference -1.09; 95 per cent c.i. -5.29 to 3.11; P = 0.608) in the MOABP and NBP groups respectively. Among 164 patients undergoing left colectomy (84 in MOABP and 80 in NBP group), SSI was detected in five (6 per cent) and eight (10 per cent) patients (OR 0.57, 0.18 to 1.82; P = 0.338), anastomotic dehiscence in four (5 per cent) and five (6 per cent) patients (OR 0.75, 0.19 to 2.90; P = 0.742), and the CCI score was 10.2(13.1) and 6.5(11.0) (mean difference 3.68, -0.06 to 7.42; P = 0.053) in the MOABP and NBP groups respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
MOABP did not decrease the rate of SSI or complications in patients undergoing either right or left colectomy compared with NBP.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotic Prophylaxis; Cathartics; Colectomy; Elective Surgical Procedures; Female; Finland; Humans; Male; Metronidazole; Middle Aged; Neomycin; Preoperative Care; Single-Blind Method; Surgical Wound Infection
PubMed: 33839753
DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrab011