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Current Opinion in Plant Biology Oct 2021Strigolactones (SLs) are multifunctional plant metabolites working not only as allelochemicals in the rhizosphere, but also as a novel class of hormones regulating... (Review)
Review
Strigolactones (SLs) are multifunctional plant metabolites working not only as allelochemicals in the rhizosphere, but also as a novel class of hormones regulating growth and development in planta. To date, more than 30 SLs have been characterized, but the reason why plants produce structurally diverse SLs and the details of their biosynthetic pathway remain elusive. Recent studies using transcriptomics and reverse genetic techniques have paved the way to clarify the entire biosynthetic pathway of structurally diverse SLs. In this review, we discuss how various SLs are synthesized and what SL structural diversity means for plant growth and development.
Topics: Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Lactones; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators
PubMed: 34198192
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102072 -
Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Oct 2021Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental... (Review)
Review
Auxin is a crucial growth regulator that governs plant development and responses to environmental perturbations. It functions at the heart of many developmental processes, from embryogenesis to organ senescence, and is key to plant interactions with the environment, including responses to biotic and abiotic stimuli. As remarkable as auxin is, it does not act alone, but rather solicits the help of, or is solicited by, other endogenous signals, including the plant hormones abscisic acid, brassinosteroids, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, jasmonates, salicylic acid, and strigolactones. The interactions between auxin and other hormones occur at multiple levels: hormones regulate one another's synthesis, transport, and/or response; hormone-specific transcriptional regulators for different pathways physically interact and/or converge on common target genes; etc. However, our understanding of this crosstalk is still fragmentary, with only a few pieces of the gigantic puzzle firmly established. In this review, we provide a glimpse into the complexity of hormone interactions that involve auxin, underscoring how patchy our current understanding is.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators
PubMed: 33903155
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a039990 -
Plant Signaling & Behavior 2020Uptake, assimilation, and recycling of nutrients are essential for optimal plant growth and development. A large number of studies have contributed significantly to... (Review)
Review
Uptake, assimilation, and recycling of nutrients are essential for optimal plant growth and development. A large number of studies have contributed significantly to highlight the major features that shape an efficient utilization of nutrients in plants, especially at the transcriptional level. However, only a few examples have explored the epigenetic mechanisms that are intrinsically associated to the transcriptional reprogramming events in response to nutritional fluctuations. In this review, we gather the chromatin-based mechanisms that have been described in response to variations of nutrients availability. At this time of genome and epigenome editing, such mechanisms could potentially represent new targets for crop improvement.
Topics: Epigenesis, Genetic; Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 31674259
DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2019.1686236 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Feb 2022How cells acquire their identities and grow coordinately within a tissue is a fundamental question to understand plant development. In angiosperms, the shoot apical... (Review)
Review
How cells acquire their identities and grow coordinately within a tissue is a fundamental question to understand plant development. In angiosperms, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a multicellular tissue containing a stem cell niche, which activity allows for a dynamic equilibrium between maintenance of stem cells and production of differentiated cells that are incorporated in new aerial tissues and lateral organs produced in the SAM. Plant hormones are small-molecule signals controlling many aspects of plant development and physiology. Several hormones are essential regulators of SAM activities. This review highlights current advances that are starting to decipher the complex mechanisms underlying the hormonal control of cell identity and growth in the SAM.
Topics: Magnoliopsida; Meristem; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Shoots; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34543915
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102111 -
BMC Plant Biology Aug 2023Climate change has exacerbated the effects of abiotic stresses on plant growth and productivity. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress factors that... (Review)
Review
Climate change has exacerbated the effects of abiotic stresses on plant growth and productivity. Drought is one of the most important abiotic stress factors that interfere with plant growth and development. Plant selection and breeding as well as genetic engineering methods used to improve crop drought tolerance are expensive and time consuming. Plants use a myriad of adaptative mechanisms to cope with the adverse effects of drought stress including the association with beneficial microorganisms such as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Inoculation of plant roots with different PGPR species has been shown to promote drought tolerance through a variety of interconnected physiological, biochemical, molecular, nutritional, metabolic, and cellular processes, which include enhanced plant growth, root elongation, phytohormone production or inhibition, and production of volatile organic compounds. Therefore, plant colonization by PGPR is an eco-friendly agricultural method to improve plant growth and productivity. Notably, the processes regulated and enhanced by PGPR can promote plant growth as well as enhance drought tolerance. This review addresses the current knowledge on how drought stress affects plant growth and development and describes how PGPR can trigger plant drought stress responses at the physiological, morphological, and molecular levels.
Topics: Droughts; Plant Development; Drought Resistance; Plant Growth Regulators; Acclimatization
PubMed: 37626328
DOI: 10.1186/s12870-023-04403-8 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Apr 2019Proteases are among the key regulators of most forms of programmed cell death (PCD) in animals. Many PCD processes have also been associated with protease expression or... (Review)
Review
Proteases are among the key regulators of most forms of programmed cell death (PCD) in animals. Many PCD processes have also been associated with protease expression or activation in plants, However, functional evidence for the roles and actual modes of action of plant proteases in PCD remains surprisingly limited. In this review, we provide an update on protease involvement in the context of developmentally regulated plant PCD. To illustrate the diversity of protease functions, we focus on several prominent developmental PCD processes, including xylem and tapetum maturation, suspensor elimination, endosperm degradation, and seed coat formation, as well as plant senescence processes. Despite the substantial advances in the field, protease functions are often only correlatively linked to developmental PCD, and the specific molecular roles of proteases in many developmental PCD processes remain to be elucidated.
Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Differentiation; Peptide Hydrolases; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 30793182
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz072 -
Developmental Biology Nov 2016Climate change is multi-faceted, and includes changing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and... (Review)
Review
Climate change is multi-faceted, and includes changing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, rising temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, and increasing frequency of extreme weather events. Here, we focus on the effects of rising atmospheric CO concentrations, rising temperature, and drought stress and their interaction on plant developmental processes in leaves, roots, and in reproductive structures. While in some cases these responses are conserved across species, such as decreased root elongation, perturbation of root growth angle and reduced seed yield in response to drought, or an increase in root biomass in shallow soil in response to elevated CO, most responses are variable within and between species and are dependent on developmental stage. These variable responses include species-specific thresholds that arrest development of reproductive structures, reduce root growth rate and the rate of leaf initiation and expansion in response to elevated temperature. Leaf developmental responses to elevated CO vary by cell type and by species. Variability also exists between C and C species in response to elevated CO, especially in terms of growth and seed yield stimulation. At the molecular level, significantly less is understood regarding conservation and variability in molecular mechanisms underlying these traits. Abscisic acid-mediated changes in cell wall expansion likely underlie reductions in growth rate in response to drought, and changes in known regulators of flowering time likely underlie altered reproductive transitions in response to elevated temperature and CO. Genes that underlie most other organ or tissue-level responses have largely only been identified in a single species in response to a single stress and their level of conservation is unknown. We conclude that there is a need for further research regarding the molecular mechanisms of plant developmental responses to climate change factors in general, and that this lack of data is particularly prevalent in the case of interactive effects of multiple climate change factors. As future growing conditions will likely expose plants to multiple climate change factors simultaneously, with a sum negative influence on global agriculture, further research in this area is critical.
Topics: Carbon Dioxide; Climate Change; Droughts; Ecosystem; Forecasting; Greenhouse Effect; Periodicity; Plant Development; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Reproduction; Stress, Physiological; Temperature
PubMed: 27521050
DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2016.07.023 -
Development (Cambridge, England) Jul 2018Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that plays a central role in both plants and animals, despite their distinct developmental... (Review)
Review
Target of rapamycin (TOR) is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase that plays a central role in both plants and animals, despite their distinct developmental programs and survival strategies. Indeed, TOR integrates nutrient, energy, hormone, growth factor and environmental inputs to control proliferation, growth and metabolism in diverse multicellular organisms. Here, we compare the molecular composition, upstream regulators and downstream signaling relays of TOR complexes in plants and animals. We also explore and discuss the pivotal functions of TOR signaling in basic cellular processes, such as translation, cell division and stem/progenitor cell regulation during plant development.
Topics: Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plants; Signal Transduction; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases
PubMed: 29986898
DOI: 10.1242/dev.160887 -
International Journal of Molecular... Dec 2019Vegetative phase changes in plants describes the transition between juvenile and adult phases of vegetative growth before flowering. It is one of the most fundamental... (Review)
Review
Vegetative phase changes in plants describes the transition between juvenile and adult phases of vegetative growth before flowering. It is one of the most fundamental mechanisms for plants to sense developmental signals, presenting a complex process involving many still-unknown determinants. Several studies in annual and perennial plants have identified the conservative roles of miR156 and its targets, genes, in guiding the switch of plant growth from juvenile to adult phases. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the regulation of miR156 expression and how miR156-SPLs mediated plant age affect other processes in . Powerful high-throughput sequencing techniques have provided rich data to systematically study the regulatory mechanisms of miR156 regulation network. From this data, we draw an expanded miR156-regulated network that links plant developmental transition and other fundamental biological processes, gaining novel and broad insight into the molecular mechanisms of plant-age-related processes in .
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; MicroRNAs; Plant Development; Plants, Genetically Modified
PubMed: 31817723
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246166 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Feb 2023The genus has been widely applied in contemporary agriculture as an environmentally-friendly biological agent. However, the real effect of commercial -based fertilizers... (Review)
Review
The genus has been widely applied in contemporary agriculture as an environmentally-friendly biological agent. However, the real effect of commercial -based fertilizers and pesticides varies immensely in the field. To harness for efficient wheat production, we reviewed the diversity, functionality, and applicability of wheat-associated native for the first time. Our main findings are: (i) spp. inhabit the rhizosphere, root, stem, leaf, and kernel of wheat; (ii) B. subtilis and B. velezensis are the most widely endophytic species that can be isolated from both below and aboveground tissues; (iii) major functions of these representative strains are promotion of plant growth and alleviation of both abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat; (iv) stability and effectiveness are 2 major challenges during field application; (v) a STVAE pipeline that includes 5 processes, namely, Screen, Test, Validation, Application, and Evaluation, has been proposed for the capture and refinement of wheat-associated spp. In particular, this review comprehensively addresses possible solutions, concerns, and criteria during the development of native -based inoculants for sustainable wheat production.
Topics: Bacillus; Triticum; Agriculture; Plant Development
PubMed: 36695599
DOI: 10.1128/aem.01247-22