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International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2020Plants represent a unique and fascinating group of living organisms [...].
Plants represent a unique and fascinating group of living organisms [...].
Topics: Gene Regulatory Networks; Gold; Metal Nanoparticles; Plant Cells; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plants; Transcriptome
PubMed: 32781648
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165636 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2018Auxin plays a crucial role in the diverse cellular and developmental responses of plants across their lifespan. Plants can quickly sense and respond to changes in auxin... (Review)
Review
Auxin plays a crucial role in the diverse cellular and developmental responses of plants across their lifespan. Plants can quickly sense and respond to changes in auxin levels, and these responses involve several major classes of auxin-responsive genes, including the () family, the () family, (), and the () family. Aux/IAA proteins are short-lived nuclear proteins comprising several highly conserved domains that are encoded by the auxin early response gene family. These proteins have specific domains that interact with ARFs and inhibit the transcription of genes activated by ARFs. Molecular studies have revealed that Aux/IAA family members can form diverse dimers with to regulate genes in various ways. Functional analyses of Aux/IAA family members have indicated that they have various roles in plant development, such as root development, shoot growth, and fruit ripening. In this review, recently discovered details regarding the molecular characteristics, regulation, and protein-protein interactions of the Aux/IAA proteins are discussed. These details provide new insights into the molecular basis of the Aux/IAA protein functions in plant developmental processes.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Indoleacetic Acids; Multigene Family; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 29337875
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010259 -
Plant, Cell & Environment Oct 2019
Topics: Botany; Germination; Global Warming; Microbiota; Plant Development; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plants; Seeds; Stress, Physiological; Temperature
PubMed: 31603569
DOI: 10.1111/pce.13648 -
Current Biology : CB Jun 2023Environmental factors such as light, water, minerals, temperature, and other organisms affect plant growth and development. Unlike animals, plants can't escape from...
Environmental factors such as light, water, minerals, temperature, and other organisms affect plant growth and development. Unlike animals, plants can't escape from unfavorable biotic and abiotic stresses. Thus, they evolved the ability to biosynthesize specific chemicals referred to as plant specialized metabolites in order to facilitate successful interactions with the surrounding environment, as well as with other organisms including plants, insects, microorganisms, and animals. While the exact number of plant specialized metabolites, historically called secondary metabolites, is currently unknown, it has been estimated to range from 200,000 to 1,000,000 compounds. In contrast to the species-, organ- and tissue-specific nature of plant specialized metabolites, primary metabolites are shared by all living organisms, are vital for growth, development and reproduction, and comprise only about 8,000 compounds. The biosynthesis and storage of plant specialized metabolites are developmentally and temporally regulated and depend on biotic and abiotic factors. Specific cell types, subcellular organelles, microcompartments, and/or anatomical structures are often devoted to producing and storing these compounds. The functions of many specialized metabolites are still not fully understood but are generally considered to be essential for the fitness and survival of plants, partially by interacting with other organisms in both mutualistic (for example, attraction of pollinators) and antagonistic (such as defense against herbivores and pathogens) ways. In this primer, we will focus on specialized-metabolite functions in plant defense interactions and on the genetic, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms leading to the structural diversity of specialized metabolites. Though less understood, we will also touch on the mode of action of specialized metabolites in plant defense.
Topics: Animals; Plants; Plant Development
PubMed: 37279678
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.01.057 -
Current Biology : CB Sep 2017Braam and Chehab introduce thigmomorphogenesis - the phenomenon of touch-induced changes in plant growth and development.
Braam and Chehab introduce thigmomorphogenesis - the phenomenon of touch-induced changes in plant growth and development.
Topics: Humans; Physical Stimulation; Plant Development; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plants; Touch
PubMed: 28898652
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.008 -
The New Phytologist Sep 2015985 I. 985 II. 986 III. 987 IV. 988 V. 989 989 References 989 SUMMARY: The development of multicellular organisms depends on correct establishment of symmetry both at... (Review)
Review
985 I. 985 II. 986 III. 987 IV. 988 V. 989 989 References 989 SUMMARY: The development of multicellular organisms depends on correct establishment of symmetry both at the whole-body scale and within individual tissues and organs. Setting up planes of symmetry must rely on communication between cells that are located at a distance from each other within the organism, presumably via mobile morphogenic signals. Although symmetry in nature has fascinated scientists for centuries, it is only now that molecular data to unravel mechanisms of symmetry establishment are beginning to emerge. As an example we describe the genetic and hormonal interactions leading to an unusual bilateral-to-radial symmetry transition of an organ in order to promote reproduction.
Topics: Animals; Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 26086581
DOI: 10.1111/nph.13526 -
Plant Physiology Oct 2021The development of multicellular organisms has been studied for centuries, yet many critical events and mechanisms of regulation remain challenging to observe directly.... (Review)
Review
The development of multicellular organisms has been studied for centuries, yet many critical events and mechanisms of regulation remain challenging to observe directly. Early research focused on detailed observational and comparative studies. Molecular biology has generated insights into regulatory mechanisms, but only for a limited number of species. Now, synthetic biology is bringing these two approaches together, and by adding the possibility of sculpting novel morphologies, opening another path to understanding biology. Here, we review a variety of recently invented techniques that use CRISPR/Cas9 and phage integrases to trace the differentiation of cells over various timescales, as well as to decode the molecular states of cells in high spatiotemporal resolution. Most of these tools have been implemented in animals. The time is ripe for plant biologists to adopt and expand these approaches. Here, we describe how these tools could be used to monitor development in diverse plant species, as well as how they could guide efforts to recode programs of interest.
Topics: CRISPR-Cas Systems; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Gene Editing; Genetic Engineering; Integrases; Molecular Biology; Plant Development; Synthetic Biology; Systems Biology
PubMed: 35237818
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab336 -
Advanced Science (Weinheim,... Jan 2022Plants have complex internal signaling pathways to quickly adjust to environmental changes and harvest energy from the environment. Facing the growing population, there... (Review)
Review
Plants have complex internal signaling pathways to quickly adjust to environmental changes and harvest energy from the environment. Facing the growing population, there is an urgent need for plant transformation and precise monitoring of plant growth to improve crop yields. Nanotechnology, an interdisciplinary research field, has recently been boosting plant yields and meeting global energy needs. In this context, a new field, "plant nanoscience," which describes the interaction between plants and nanotechnology, emerges as the times require. Nanosensors, nanofertilizers, nanopesticides, and nano-plant genetic engineering are of great help in increasing crop yields. Nanogenerators are helping to develop the potential of plants in the field of energy harvesting. Furthermore, the uptake and internalization of nanomaterials in plants and the possible effects are also worthy of attention. In this review, a forward-looking perspective on the plant nanoscience is presented and feasible solutions for future food shortages and energy crises are provided.
Topics: Agriculture; Crops, Agricultural; Fertilizers; Genetic Engineering; Nanostructures; Nanotechnology; Pesticides; Plant Development
PubMed: 34761568
DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103414 -
Plant Physiology Feb 2022The ability to engineer plant form will enable the production of novel agricultural products designed to tolerate extreme stresses, boost yield, reduce waste, and...
The ability to engineer plant form will enable the production of novel agricultural products designed to tolerate extreme stresses, boost yield, reduce waste, and improve manufacturing practices. While historically, plants were altered through breeding to change their size or shape, advances in our understanding of plant development and our ability to genetically engineer complex eukaryotes are leading to the direct engineering of plant structure. In this review, I highlight the central role of auxin in plant development and the synthetic biology approaches that could be used to turn auxin-response regulators into powerful tools for modifying plant form. I hypothesize that recoded, gain-of-function auxin response proteins combined with synthetic regulation could be used to override endogenous auxin signaling and control plant structure. I also argue that auxin-response regulators are key to engineering development in nonmodel plants and that single-cell -omics techniques will be essential for characterizing and modifying auxin response in these plants. Collectively, advances in synthetic biology, single-cell -omics, and our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underpinning development have set the stage for a new era in the engineering of plant structure.
Topics: Crops, Agricultural; Plant Breeding; Plant Development; Plants, Genetically Modified; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 34904660
DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab568 -
The New Phytologist Sep 2021Characterising the processes that control auxin dynamics is essential to understanding how auxin regulates plant development. Over recent years, several studies have... (Review)
Review
Characterising the processes that control auxin dynamics is essential to understanding how auxin regulates plant development. Over recent years, several studies have investigated auxin diffusion through plasmodesmata, characterising this cell-to-cell diffusion and demonstrating that it affects auxin distributions. Furthermore, studies have shown that plasmodesmatal auxin diffusion affects developmental processes, including phototropism, lateral root emergence and leaf hyponasty. This short Tansley Insight review describes how these studies have contributed to our understanding of auxin dynamics and discusses potential future directions in this area.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Indoleacetic Acids; Phototropism; Plant Development; Plant Roots; Plasmodesmata
PubMed: 34053083
DOI: 10.1111/nph.17517