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Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Feb 2019The well-being of the microbial community that densely populates the rhizosphere is aided by a plant's root exudates. Maintaining a plant's health is a key factor in its... (Review)
Review
The well-being of the microbial community that densely populates the rhizosphere is aided by a plant's root exudates. Maintaining a plant's health is a key factor in its continued existence. As minute as rhizospheric microbes are, their importance in plant growth cannot be overemphasized. They depend on plants for nutrients and other necessary requirements. The relationship between the rhizosphere-microbiome (rhizobiome) and plant hosts can be beneficial, non-effectual, or pathogenic depending on the microbes and the plant involved. This relationship, to a large extent, determines the fate of the host plant's survival. Modern molecular techniques have been used to unravel rhizobiome species' composition, but the interplay between the rhizobiome root exudates and other factors in the maintenance of a healthy plant have not as yet been thoroughly investigated. Many functional proteins are activated in plants upon contact with external factors. These proteins may elicit growth promoting or growth suppressing responses from the plants. To optimize the growth and productivity of host plants, rhizobiome microbial diversity and modulatory techniques need to be clearly understood for improved plant health.
Topics: Bacteria; Fungi; Microbiota; Plant Development; Plant Exudates; Plant Roots; Plants; Quorum Sensing; Rhizosphere; Symbiosis
PubMed: 30570692
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-018-9556-6 -
Cell Oct 2016For the past several decades, advances in plant development, physiology, cell biology, and genetics have relied heavily on the model (or reference) plant Arabidopsis... (Review)
Review
For the past several decades, advances in plant development, physiology, cell biology, and genetics have relied heavily on the model (or reference) plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Arabidopsis resembles other plants, including crop plants, in many but by no means all respects. Study of Arabidopsis alone provides little information on the evolutionary history of plants, evolutionary differences between species, plants that survive in different environments, or plants that access nutrients and photosynthesize differently. Empowered by the availability of large-scale sequencing and new technologies for investigating gene function, many new plant models are being proposed and studied.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Biodiversity; Biological Evolution; Chlorophyta; Models, Biological; Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 27716506
DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.031 -
American Journal of Botany Sep 2021
Topics: Hormones; Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plasmodesmata
PubMed: 34580857
DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1733 -
Annals of Botany Feb 2021With up to 200 published contributions, the GreenLab mathematical model of plant growth, developed since 2000 under Sino-French co-operation for agronomic applications,... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
With up to 200 published contributions, the GreenLab mathematical model of plant growth, developed since 2000 under Sino-French co-operation for agronomic applications, is descended from the structural models developed in the AMAP unit that characterize the development of plants and encompass them in a conceptual mathematical framework. The model also incorporates widely recognized crop model concepts (thermal time, light use efficiency and light interception), adapting them to the level of the individual plant.
SCOPE
Such long-term research work calls for an overview at some point. That is the objective of this review paper, which retraces the main history of the model's development and its current status, highlighting three aspects. (1) What are the key features of the GreenLab model? (2) How can the model be a guide for defining relevant measurement strategies and experimental protocols? (3) What kind of applications can such a model address? This last question is answered using case studies as illustrations, and through the Discussion.
CONCLUSIONS
The results obtained over several decades illustrate a key feature of the GreenLab model: owing to its concise mathematical formulation based on the factorization of plant structure, it comes along with dedicated methods and experimental protocols for its parameter estimation, in the deterministic or stochastic cases, at single-plant or population levels. Besides providing a reliable statistical framework, this intense and long-term research effort has provided new insights into the internal trophic regulations of many plant species and new guidelines for genetic improvement or optimization of crop systems.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Models, Theoretical; Plant Development; Plant Structures
PubMed: 32969464
DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcaa172 -
PLoS Biology May 2018For the last 100 years, it has been uncontroversial to state that the plant germline is set aside late in development, but there is surprisingly little evidence to...
For the last 100 years, it has been uncontroversial to state that the plant germline is set aside late in development, but there is surprisingly little evidence to support this view. In contrast, much evolutionary theory and several recent empirical studies seem to suggest the opposite-that the germlines of some and perhaps most plants may be set aside early in development. But is this really the case? How much does it matter? How can we reconcile the new evidence with existing knowledge of plant development? And is there a way to reliably establish the timing of germline segregation in both model and nonmodel plants? Answering these questions is vital to understanding one of the most fundamental aspects of plant development and evolution.
Topics: Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Germ Cells, Plant; Plant Development; Plants
PubMed: 29768400
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005439 -
Nature Communications Mar 2024Plants exhibit reproducible timing of developmental events at multiple scales, from switches in cell identity to maturation of the whole plant. Control of developmental... (Review)
Review
Plants exhibit reproducible timing of developmental events at multiple scales, from switches in cell identity to maturation of the whole plant. Control of developmental timing likely evolved for similar reasons that humans invented clocks: to coordinate events. However, whereas clocks are designed to run independently of conditions, plant developmental timing is strongly dependent on growth and environment. Using simplified models to convey key concepts, we review how growth-dependent and inherent timing mechanisms interact with the environment to control cyclical and progressive developmental transitions in plants.
Topics: Plants; Plant Development
PubMed: 38531864
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46941-1 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2022Due to their role as energy and carbon sources and their regulatory functions, sugars influence all phases of the plant life cycle, interact with other signaling...
Due to their role as energy and carbon sources and their regulatory functions, sugars influence all phases of the plant life cycle, interact with other signaling molecules, including phytohormones, and control plant growth and development [...].
Topics: Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plants; Signal Transduction; Sugars
PubMed: 35563551
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095161 -
Plant Signaling & Behavior Nov 2021This review proposes that plants make smart decision and encourages scientists to formulate and test hypotheses about plant's decisions as an option to investigate... (Review)
Review
This review proposes that plants make smart decision and encourages scientists to formulate and test hypotheses about plant's decisions as an option to investigate complex phenomena that are hardly explained through the predominant mechanistic approach. Three physiological processes (seed germination and seedling emergence, abortion of reproductive structures, and regulation of photosynthesis) are discussed to illustrate the plant's ability to make decisions from three different perspectives. It is proposed that plant scientists could access a rich pool of information by formulating and testing hypothesis on plant's decisions, even when it is not possible elucidating the full mechanism underpinning the decision. Decisions with a strategic component are discussed for seed germination and seedling emergence, in which the plant depends on limited information for making early decisions that will influence its survival and potential growth. Decisions consistent with an analysis of benefit/cost are illustrated with observations from abortion of reproductive structures. Decisions that search the optimization of complex processes are exemplified with the regulation of photosynthesis. For each type of decision, some draft experiments are suggested as exercise on how this framework could be applied. It is proposed that scientists could make experiments with plant's decisions adapting methods that were developed for other disciplines.
Topics: Germination; Photosynthesis; Plant Development; Seedlings; Seeds
PubMed: 34459354
DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2021.1970448 -
The New Phytologist Jan 2018Contents Summary 547 I. Introduction 547 II. Phytochromes mediate light-induced transcription of BICs to inactivate cryptochromes 548 III. PPKs phosphorylate... (Review)
Review
Contents Summary 547 I. Introduction 547 II. Phytochromes mediate light-induced transcription of BICs to inactivate cryptochromes 548 III. PPKs phosphorylate light-signaling proteins and histones to affect plant development 548 IV. Prospect 550 Acknowledgements 550 References 550 SUMMARY: Plants perceive and respond to light signals by multiple sensory photoreceptors, including phytochromes and cryptochromes, which absorb different wavelengths of light to regulate genome expression and plant development. Photophysiological analyses have long revealed the coordinated actions of different photoreceptors, a phenomenon referred to as the photoreceptor coaction. The mechanistic explanations of photoreceptor coactions are not fully understood. The function of direct protein-protein interaction of phytochromes and cryptochromes and common signaling molecules of these photoreceptors, such as SPA1/COP1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex and bHLH transcription factors PIFs, would partially explain phytochrome-cryptochrome coactions. In addition, newly discovered proteins that block cryptochrome photodimerization or catalyze cryptochrome phosphorylation may also participate in the phytochrome and cryptochrome coaction. This Tansley insight, which is not intended to make a comprehensive review of the studies of photoreceptor coactions, attempts to highlight those recent findings and their possible roles in the photoreceptor coaction.
Topics: Cryptochromes; Histones; Light; Phytochrome; Plant Development; Transcription, Genetic
PubMed: 29139123
DOI: 10.1111/nph.14886 -
Plant & Cell Physiology Sep 2017Understanding the precise regulatory mechanisms of plant development and stress responses at the post-translational level is currently a topic of intensive research.... (Review)
Review
Understanding the precise regulatory mechanisms of plant development and stress responses at the post-translational level is currently a topic of intensive research. Protein ubiquitination, including the sequential performances of ubiquitin-activating (E1), ubiquitin-conjugating (E2) and ubiquitin ligase (E3) enzymes, is a refined post-translational modification ubiquitous in all eukaryotes. Plants are an integral part of our ecosystem and, as sessile organisms, the ability to perceive internal and external signals and to adapt well to various environmental challenges is crucial for their survival. Over recent decades, extensive studies have demonstrated that protein ubiquitination plays key roles in multiple plant developmental stages (e.g. seed dormancy and germination, root growth, flowering time control, self-incompatibility and chloroplast development) and several abiotic stress responses (e.g. drought and high salinity), by regulating the abundance, activities or subcellular localizations of a variety of regulatory polypeptides and enzymes. Importantly, diverse E3 ligases are involved in these regulatory pathways by mediating phytohormone and light signaling or other pathways. In this updated review, we mainly summarize recent advances in our understanding of the regulatory roles of protein ubiquitination in plant development and plant-environment interactions, and primarily focus on different types of E3 ligases because they play critical roles in determining substrate specificity.
Topics: Flowers; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Roots; Stress, Physiological; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
PubMed: 28541504
DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcx071