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International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2021Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form a large protein family in land plants, with hundreds of different members in angiosperms. In the last decade, a number of... (Review)
Review
Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins form a large protein family in land plants, with hundreds of different members in angiosperms. In the last decade, a number of studies have shown that PPR proteins are sequence-specific RNA-binding proteins involved in multiple aspects of plant organellar RNA processing, and perform numerous functions in plants throughout their life cycle. Recently, computational and structural studies have provided new insights into the working mechanisms of PPR proteins in RNA recognition and cytidine deamination. In this review, we summarized the research progress on the functions of PPR proteins in plant growth and development, with a particular focus on their effects on cytoplasmic male sterility, stress responses, and seed development. We also documented the molecular mechanisms of PPR proteins in mediating RNA processing in plant mitochondria and chloroplasts.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 34681932
DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011274 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Aug 2018The late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) family is composed of a diverse collection of multidomain and multifunctional proteins found in all three domains of the tree of... (Review)
Review
The late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) family is composed of a diverse collection of multidomain and multifunctional proteins found in all three domains of the tree of life, but they are particularly common in plants. Most members of the family are known to play an important role in abiotic stress response and stress tolerance in plants but are also part of the plant hypersensitive response to pathogen infection. The mechanistic basis for LEA protein functionality is still poorly understood. The group of LEA 2 proteins harbor one or more copies of a unique domain, the ater stress and persensitive response (WHy) domain. This domain sequence has recently been identified as a unique open reading frame (ORF) in some bacterial genomes (mostly in the phylum ), and the recombinant bacterial WHy protein has been shown to exhibit a stress tolerance phenotype in and an protein denaturation protective function. Multidomain phylogenetic analyses suggest that the WHy protein gene sequence may have ancestral origins in the domain , with subsequent acquisition in and eukaryotes via endosymbiont or horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. Here, we review the structure, function, and nomenclature of LEA proteins, with a focus on the WHy domain as an integral component of the LEA constructs and as an independent protein.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Evolution, Molecular; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Plants; Protein Domains
PubMed: 29802195
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00539-18 -
Plant Communications Jan 2020The study of plant diseases is almost as old as agriculture itself. Advancements in molecular biology have given us much more insight into the plant immune system and... (Review)
Review
The study of plant diseases is almost as old as agriculture itself. Advancements in molecular biology have given us much more insight into the plant immune system and how it detects the many pathogens plants may encounter. Members of the primary family of plant resistance (R) proteins, NLRs, contain three distinct domains, and appear to use several different mechanisms to recognize pathogen effectors and trigger immunity. Understanding the molecular process of NLR recognition and activation has been greatly aided by advancements in structural studies, with ZAR1 recently becoming the first full-length NLR to be visualized. Genetic and biochemical analysis identified many critical components for NLR activation and homeostasis control. The increased study of helper NLRs has also provided insights into the downstream signaling pathways of NLRs. This review summarizes the progress in the last decades on plant NLR research, focusing on the mechanistic understanding that has been achieved.
Topics: Disease Resistance; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Host-Pathogen Interactions; NLR Proteins; Plant Breeding; Plant Immunity; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; Protein Processing, Post-Translational
PubMed: 33404540
DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2019.100016 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Oct 2016Auxin responses have been arbitrarily divided into two categories: genomic and non-genomic effects. Genomic effects are largely mediated by SCF-Aux/IAA auxin receptor... (Review)
Review
Auxin responses have been arbitrarily divided into two categories: genomic and non-genomic effects. Genomic effects are largely mediated by SCF-Aux/IAA auxin receptor complexes whereas it has been postulated that AUXIN BINDING PROTEIN 1 (ABP1) controls the non-genomic effects. However, the roles of ABP1 in auxin signaling and plant development were recently called into question. In this paper, we present recent progress in understanding the SCF-Aux/IAA pathway. In more detail, we discuss the current understanding of ABP1 research and provide an updated view of ABP1-related genetic materials. Further, we propose a model in which auxin efflux carriers may play a role in auxin perception and we briefly describe recent insight on processes downstream of auxin perception.
Topics: Indoleacetic Acids; Models, Biological; Plant Proteins; Plants; Receptors, Cell Surface
PubMed: 27131035
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2016.04.004 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Aug 2023Factors including climate change and increased global exchange are set to escalate the prevalence of plant diseases, posing an unprecedented threat to global food... (Review)
Review
Factors including climate change and increased global exchange are set to escalate the prevalence of plant diseases, posing an unprecedented threat to global food security and making it more challenging to meet the demands of an ever-growing population. As such, new methods of pathogen control are essential to help with the growing danger of crop losses to plant diseases. The intracellular immune system of plants utilizes nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) receptors to recognize and activate defense responses to pathogen virulence proteins (effectors) delivered to the host. Engineering the recognition properties of plant NLRs toward pathogen effectors is a genetic solution to plant diseases with high specificity, and it is more sustainable than several current methods for pathogen control that frequently rely on agrochemicals. Here, we highlight the pioneering approaches toward enhancing effector recognition in plant NLRs and discuss the barriers and solutions in engineering the plant intracellular immune system.
Topics: NLR Proteins; Plants; Plant Immunity; Plant Diseases; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 37187111
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102380 -
Current Opinion in Biotechnology Apr 2015The production of high-value proteins in plants is maturing, as shown by the recent approval of innovative products and the latest studies that showcase plant-based... (Review)
Review
The production of high-value proteins in plants is maturing, as shown by the recent approval of innovative products and the latest studies that showcase plant-based production systems using technologies and approaches that are well established in other fields. These include host cell engineering, medium optimization, scalable unit operations for downstream processing (DSP), bioprocess optimization and detailed cost analysis. Product-specific benefits of plant-based systems have also been exploited, including bioencapsulation and the mucosal delivery of minimally processed topical and oral products with a lower entry barrier than pharmaceuticals for injection. Success stories spearheaded by the FDA approval of Elelyso developed by Protalix have revitalized the field and further interest has been fueled by the production of experimental Ebola treatments in plants.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mucous Membrane; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Plant Proteins; Plants; Protein Engineering
PubMed: 25578557
DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2014.12.008 -
Current Protein & Peptide Science 2017
Topics: Humans; Peptides; Plant Diseases; Plant Immunity; Plant Proteins; Plants; Polymorphism, Genetic
PubMed: 28929956
DOI: 10.2174/138920371804170206201325 -
Biomolecules Sep 2022Plants have evolved a number of different ways to deal with different types of abiotic stresses; at the molecular level, dehydration can cause multiple forms of damage...
Plants have evolved a number of different ways to deal with different types of abiotic stresses; at the molecular level, dehydration can cause multiple forms of damage to different biomolecules [...].
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Plant Proteins; Dehydration; Stress, Physiological; Plants; Embryonic Development
PubMed: 36291589
DOI: 10.3390/biom12101380 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Aug 2023Toll/interleukin-1/resistance (TIR) domain proteins contribute to innate immunity in all cellular kingdoms. TIR modules are activated by self-association and in plants,... (Review)
Review
Toll/interleukin-1/resistance (TIR) domain proteins contribute to innate immunity in all cellular kingdoms. TIR modules are activated by self-association and in plants, mammals and bacteria, some TIRs have enzymatic functions that are crucial for disease resistance and/or cell death. Many plant TIR-only proteins and pathogen effector-activated TIR-domain NLR receptors are NAD hydrolysing enzymes. Biochemical, structural and functional studies established that for both plant TIR-protein types, and certain bacterial TIRs, NADase activity generates bioactive signalling intermediates which promote resistance. A set of plant TIR-catalysed nucleotide isomers was discovered which bind to and activate EDS1 complexes, promoting their interactions with co-functioning helper NLRs. Analysis of TIR enzymes across kingdoms fills an important gap in understanding how pathogen disturbance induces TIR-regulated immune responses.
Topics: Animals; Interleukin-1; Plant Proteins; Plant Immunity; Plants; Disease Resistance; Bacteria; Plant Diseases; Arabidopsis Proteins; Mammals
PubMed: 37150050
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102373 -
Trends in Plant Science Sep 2023The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway plays a central role in plant salinity tolerance. Since the discovery of the SOS pathway, transcriptional and post-translational... (Review)
Review
The Salt Overly Sensitive (SOS) pathway plays a central role in plant salinity tolerance. Since the discovery of the SOS pathway, transcriptional and post-translational regulations of its core components have garnered considerable attention. To date, several proteins that regulate these core components, either positively or negatively at the protein and transcript levels, have been identified. Here, we review recent advances in the understanding of the functional regulation of the core proteins of the SOS pathway and an expanding spectrum of their upstream effectors in plants. Furthermore, we also discuss how these novel regulators act as key signaling nodes of multilayer control of plant development and stress adaptation through modulation of the SOS core proteins at the transcriptional and post-translational levels.
Topics: Salt Tolerance; Arabidopsis Proteins; Plant Proteins; Adaptation, Physiological; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37117077
DOI: 10.1016/j.tplants.2023.04.003