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International Journal of Molecular... Apr 2021Mounting evidence from genomic and transcriptomic studies suggests that most genetic networks regulating the morphogenesis of land plant sporophytes were co-opted and... (Review)
Review
Mounting evidence from genomic and transcriptomic studies suggests that most genetic networks regulating the morphogenesis of land plant sporophytes were co-opted and modified from those already present in streptophyte algae and gametophytes of bryophytes . However, thus far, no candidate genes have been identified that could be responsible for "planation", a conversion from a three-dimensional to a two-dimensional growth pattern. According to the telome theory, "planation" was required for the genesis of the leaf blade in the course of leaf evolution. The key transcription factors responsible for leaf blade development in angiosperms are YABBY proteins, which until recently were thought to be unique for seed plants. Yet, identification of a YABBY homologue in a green alga and the recent findings of YABBY homologues in lycophytes and hornworts suggest that YABBY proteins were already present in the last common ancestor of land plants. Thus, these transcriptional factors could have been involved in "planation", which fosters our understanding of the origin of leaves. Here, we summarise the current data on functions of YABBY proteins in the vegetative and reproductive development of diverse angiosperms and gymnosperms as well as in the development of lycophytes. Furthermore, we discuss a putative role of YABBY proteins in the genesis of multicellular shoot apical meristems and in the evolution of leaves in early divergent terrestrial plants.
Topics: Evolution, Molecular; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Magnoliopsida; Plant Proteins; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 33923657
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084139 -
International Journal of Molecular... May 2019The genes comprise a conserved transcription factor family that regulates a variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. Many recent studies have... (Review)
Review
The genes comprise a conserved transcription factor family that regulates a variety of developmental and physiological processes in plants. Many recent studies have focused on the genetic characterization of IDD family members and revealed various biological functions, including modulation of sugar metabolism and floral transition, cold stress response, seed development, plant architecture, regulation of hormone signaling, and ammonium metabolism. In this review, we summarize the functions and working mechanisms of the gene family in the regulatory network of metabolism and developmental processes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Genes, Plant; Gravitropism; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Plants
PubMed: 31075826
DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092286 -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2018Flower development is the core of higher-plant ontogenesis and is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. Cys₂/His₂ zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs)... (Review)
Review
Flower development is the core of higher-plant ontogenesis and is controlled by complex gene regulatory networks. Cys₂/His₂ zinc-finger proteins (C2H2-ZFPs) constitute one of the largest transcription factor families and are highly involved in transcriptional regulation of flowering induction, floral organ morphogenesis, and pollen and pistil maturation. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of C2H2-ZFPs has been gradually revealed only in recent years. During flowering induction, C2H2-ZFPs can modify the chromatin of , thereby providing additional insights into the quantification of transcriptional regulation caused by chromatin regulation. C2H2-ZFPs are involved in cell division and proliferation in floral organ development and are associated with hormonal regulation, thereby revealing how a flower is partitioned into four developmentally distinct whorls. The studies reviewed in this work integrate the information from the endogenous, hormonal, and environmental regulation of flower development. The structure of C2H2-ZFPs determines their function as transcriptional regulators. The findings indicate that C2H2-ZFPs play a crucial role in flower development. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the structure, expression, and function of C2H2-ZFPs and discuss their molecular mechanism in flower development.
Topics: CYS2-HIS2 Zinc Fingers; Flowers; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Magnoliopsida; Plant Proteins; Transcriptional Activation
PubMed: 30200325
DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092589 -
Plant Science : An International... Sep 2015Metalloids are a group of physiologically important elements ranging from the essential to the highly toxic. Arsenic, antimony, germanium, and tellurium are highly toxic... (Review)
Review
Metalloids are a group of physiologically important elements ranging from the essential to the highly toxic. Arsenic, antimony, germanium, and tellurium are highly toxic to plants themselves and to consumers of metalloid-contaminated plants. Boron, silicon, and selenium fulfill essential or beneficial functions in plants. However, when present at high concentrations, boron and selenium cause toxicity symptoms that are detrimental to plant fitness and yield. Consequently, all plants require efficient membrane transport systems to control the uptake and extrusion of metalloids into or out of the plant and their distribution within the plant body. Several Nodulin 26-like intrinsic proteins (NIPs) that belong to the aquaporin plant water channel protein family facilitate the diffusion of uncharged metalloid species. Genetic, physiological, and molecular evidence is that NIPs from primitive to higher plants not only transport all environmentally important metalloids, but that these proteins have a major role in the uptake, translocation, and extrusion of metalloids in plants. As most of the metalloid-permeable NIP aquaporins are impermeable or are poorly permeable to water, these NIP channel proteins should be considered as physiologically essential metalloido-porins.
Topics: Biological Transport; Membrane Proteins; Metalloids; Models, Biological; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Porins
PubMed: 26259189
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2015.06.002 -
Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences :... Oct 2019Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important essential macro-elements for plant growth and development, and nitrate represents the most abundant inorganic form of N in... (Review)
Review
Nitrogen (N) is one of the most important essential macro-elements for plant growth and development, and nitrate represents the most abundant inorganic form of N in soils. The nitrate uptake and assimilation processes are finely tuned according to the available nitrate in the surroundings as well as by the internal finely coordinated signaling pathways. The NIN-like proteins (NLPs) harbor both RWP-RK, and Phox and Bem1 (PB1) domains, and they belong to the well-characterized plant-specific RWP-RK transcription factor gene family. NLPs are known to be involved in the nitrate signaling pathway by activating downstream target genes, and thus they are implicated in the primary nitrate response in the nucleus via their RWP-RK domains. The PB1 domain is a ubiquitous protein-protein interaction domain and it comprises another regulatory layer for NLPs via the protein interactions within NLPs or with other essential components. Recently, Ca-Ca sensor protein kinase-NLP signaling cascades have been identified and they allow NLPs to have central roles in mediating the nitrate signaling pathway. NLPs play essential roles in many aspects of plant growth and development via the finely tuned nitrate signaling pathway. Furthermore, recent studies have highlighted the emerging roles played by NLPs in the N starvation response, nodule formation in legumes, N and P interactions, and root cap release in higher plants. In this review, we consider recent advances in the identification, evolution, molecular characteristics, and functions of the NLP gene family in plant growth and development.
Topics: Biological Evolution; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Phosphates; Plant Development; Plant Proteins; Plant Root Nodulation; Plants; Signal Transduction; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 31161283
DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03164-8 -
Biomolecules Apr 2023TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) are plant-specific transcriptional regulators exerting multiple functions in... (Review)
Review
TEOSINTE BRANCHED1/CYCLOIDEA/PROLIFERATING CELL FACTOR (TCP) transcription factors (TFs) are plant-specific transcriptional regulators exerting multiple functions in plant growth and development. Ever since one of the founding members of the family was described, encoded by the () gene from and involved in the regulation of floral symmetry, the role of these TFs in reproductive development was established. Subsequent studies indicated that members of the CYC clade of TCP TFs were important for the evolutionary diversification of flower form in a multitude of species. In addition, more detailed studies of the function of TCPs from other clades revealed roles in different processes related to plant reproductive development, such as the regulation of flowering time, the growth of the inflorescence stem, and the correct growth and development of flower organs. In this review, we summarize the different roles of members of the TCP family during plant reproductive development as well as the molecular networks involved in their action.
Topics: Transcription Factors; Phylogeny; Plant Proteins; Biological Evolution; Flowers; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
PubMed: 37238620
DOI: 10.3390/biom13050750 -
FEBS Letters Feb 2018The plant-specific GAI-RGA-and-SCR (GRAS) family of proteins function as transcriptional regulators and play critical roles in development and signalling. Recent... (Review)
Review
The plant-specific GAI-RGA-and-SCR (GRAS) family of proteins function as transcriptional regulators and play critical roles in development and signalling. Recent structural studies have shed light on the molecular functions at the structural level. The conserved GRAS domain comprises an α-helical cap and α/β core subdomains. The α-helical cap mediates head-to-head heterodimerization between SHR and SCR GRAS domains. This type of dimerization is predicted for the NSP1-NSP2 heterodimer and DELLA proteins such as RGA and SLR1 homodimers. The α/β core subdomain possesses a hydrophobic groove formed by surface α3- and α7-helices and mediates protein-protein interactions. The groove of the SHR GRAS domain accommodates the zinc fingers of JKD, a BIRD/IDD family transcription factor, while the groove of the SCL7 GRAS domain mediates the SCL7 homodimerization.
Topics: Plant Proteins; Protein Binding; Protein Domains; Protein Multimerization; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Substrate Specificity
PubMed: 29364510
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12987 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Dec 2017Mechanosensitive ion channels, transmembrane proteins that directly couple mechanical stimuli to ion flux, serve to sense and respond to changes in membrane tension in... (Review)
Review
Mechanosensitive ion channels, transmembrane proteins that directly couple mechanical stimuli to ion flux, serve to sense and respond to changes in membrane tension in all branches of life. In plants, mechanosensitive channels have been implicated in the perception of important mechanical stimuli such as osmotic pressure, touch, gravity, and pathogenic invasion. Indeed, three established families of plant mechanosensitive ion channels play roles in cell and organelle osmoregulation and root mechanosensing - and it is likely that many other channels and functions await discovery. Inspired by recent discoveries in bacterial and animal systems, we are beginning to establish the conserved and the unique ways in which mechanosensitive channels function in plants.
Topics: Evolution, Molecular; Ion Channels; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plant Proteins
PubMed: 28750206
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2017.07.002 -
International Journal of Molecular... Mar 2020Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions typically lack a well-defined structure and thus fall outside the scope of the classic sequence-structure-function... (Review)
Review
Intrinsically disordered proteins and regions typically lack a well-defined structure and thus fall outside the scope of the classic sequence-structure-function relationship. Hence, classic sequence- or structure-based bioinformatic approaches are often not well suited to identify homology or predict the function of unknown intrinsically disordered proteins. Here, we give selected examples of intrinsic disorder in plant proteins and present how protein function is shared, altered or distinct in evolutionary distant organisms. Furthermore, we explore how examining the specific role of disorder across different phyla can provide a better understanding of the common features that protein disorder contributes to the respective biological mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Intrinsically Disordered Proteins; Plant Proteins; Plants; Protein Conformation; Protein Folding
PubMed: 32204351
DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062105 -
Journal of Experimental Botany Mar 2020The Multiprotein Bridging Factor 1 (MBF1) proteins are transcription co-factors whose molecular function is to form a bridge between transcription factors and the basal... (Review)
Review
The Multiprotein Bridging Factor 1 (MBF1) proteins are transcription co-factors whose molecular function is to form a bridge between transcription factors and the basal machinery of transcription. MBF1s are present in most archaea and all eukaryotes, and numerous reports show that they are involved in developmental processes and in stress responses. In this review we summarize almost three decades of research on the plant MBF1 family, which has mainly focused on their role in abiotic stress responses, in particular the heat stress response. However, despite the amount of information available, there are still many questions that remain about how plant MBF1 genes, transcripts, and proteins respond to stress, and how they in turn modulate stress response transcriptional pathways.
Topics: Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Plant Proteins; Plants; Stress, Physiological; Transcription Factors
PubMed: 32037452
DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz525