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Journal of Immunology Research 2018Oral signs are frequently the first manifestation of autoimmune diseases. For this reason, dentists play an important role in the detection of emerging autoimmune... (Review)
Review
Oral signs are frequently the first manifestation of autoimmune diseases. For this reason, dentists play an important role in the detection of emerging autoimmune pathologies. Indeed, an early diagnosis can play a decisive role in improving the quality of treatment strategies as well as quality of life. This can be obtained thanks to specific knowledge of oral manifestations of autoimmune diseases. This review is aimed at describing oral presentations, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, pemphigus vulgaris, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and Behcet disease.
Topics: Autoimmune Diseases; Behcet Syndrome; Diagnosis, Oral; Female; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Mouth; Mouth Diseases; Pemphigoid, Benign Mucous Membrane; Pemphigus; Prognosis; Sjogren's Syndrome
PubMed: 29977929
DOI: 10.1155/2018/6061825 -
Journal of Athletic Training Mar 2018To present recommendations for the diagnosis, management, outcomes, and return to play of athletes with superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) injuries.
National Athletic Trainers' Association Position Statement: Evaluation, Management, and Outcomes of and Return-to- Play Criteria for Overhead Athletes With Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Injuries.
OBJECTIVE
To present recommendations for the diagnosis, management, outcomes, and return to play of athletes with superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) injuries.
BACKGROUND
In overhead athletes, SLAP tears are common as either acute or chronic injuries. The clinical guidelines presented here were developed based on a systematic review of the current evidence and the consensus of the writing panel. Clinicians can use these guidelines to inform decision making regarding the diagnosis, acute and long-term conservative and surgical treatment, and expected outcomes of and return-to-play guidelines for athletes with SLAP injuries.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Physical examination tests may aid diagnosis; 6 tests are recommended for confirming and 1 test is recommended for ruling out a SLAP lesion. Combinations of tests may be helpful to diagnose SLAP lesions. Clinical trials directly comparing outcomes between surgical and nonoperative management are absent; however, in cohort trials, the reports of function and return-to-sport outcomes are similar for each management approach. Nonoperative management that includes rehabilitation, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and corticosteroid injections is recommended as the first line of treatment. Rehabilitation should address deficits in shoulder internal rotation, total arc of motion, and horizontal-adduction motion, as well as periscapular and glenohumeral muscle strength, endurance, and neuromuscular control. Most researchers have examined the outcomes of surgical management and found high levels of satisfaction and return of shoulder function, but the ability to return to sport varied widely, with 20% to 94% of patients returning to their sport after surgical or nonoperative management. On average, 55% of athletes returned to full participation in prior sports, but overhead athletes had a lower average return of 45%. Additional work is needed to define the criteria for diagnosing and guiding clinical decision making to optimize outcomes and return to play.
Topics: Arthroscopy; Athletes; Athletic Injuries; Humans; Male; Manipulation, Orthopedic; Orthopedic Procedures; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Pain Management; Physical Therapy Modalities; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Recovery of Function; Return to Sport; Shoulder Injuries
PubMed: 29624450
DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-59-16 -
Innovations in Clinical Neuroscience May 2019Play therapy is a valuable tool in psychotherapy with children that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of mental illness and behavioral problems. In play... (Review)
Review
Play therapy is a valuable tool in psychotherapy with children that has been shown to be effective in the treatment of mental illness and behavioral problems. In play therapy, the therapist follows the child's lead through play, and the child expresses thoughts and feelings that might be difficult to communicate otherwise. The therapist creates a space to allow children to practice play and pretend, thus allowing the therapeutic alliance to develop. The eight tenets of play therapy are discussed, and an illustrative case vignette that demonstrates the common ego defenses and developmental hurdles that can be addressed in play therapy is presented.
PubMed: 31440400
DOI: No ID Found -
Frontiers in Neurology 2018This mini-review considers three different approaches to the therapy and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD): replacement therapy, disease modification, and... (Review)
Review
This mini-review considers three different approaches to the therapy and prevention of Alzheimer's disease (AD): replacement therapy, disease modification, and multi-level interventions. Each of these research frameworks has direct implications at the clinical level, leading to an emphasis on different time points of the AD continuum. While all perspectives continue to play an important role in current efforts to reach the ambitious target of an effective therapy or prevention of AD by 2025, it is clear that novel paradigms are needed, including new models of clinical trial design. This goal can only be accomplished by a concerted effort of academia, governmental agencies, and industry.
PubMed: 29599741
DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00108 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2019Radiation is a mainstay of cancer therapy. Radioresistance is a significant challenge in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic cancers. The... (Review)
Review
Radiation is a mainstay of cancer therapy. Radioresistance is a significant challenge in the treatment of locally advanced, recurrent and metastatic cancers. The mechanisms of radioresistance are complicated and still not completely understood. Exosomes are 40-150 nm vesicles released by cancer cells that contain pathogenic components, such as proteins, mRNAs, DNA fragments, non-coding RNAs, and lipids. Exosomes play a critical role in cancer progression, including cell-cell communication, tumor-stromal interactions, activation of signaling pathways, and immunomodulation. Emerging data indicate that radiation-derived exosomes increase tumor burden, decrease survival, cause radiation-induced bystander effects and promote radioresistance. In addition, radiation can change the contents of exosomes, which allows exosomes to be used as a prognostic and predictive biomarker to monitor radiation response. Therefore, understanding the roles and mechanisms of exosomes in radiation response may shed light on how exosomes play a role in radioresistance and open a new way in radiotherapy and translational medicine. In this review, we discuss recent advances in radiation-induced exosome changes in components, focus on the roles of exosome in radiation-induced bystander effect in cancer and emphasize the importance of exosomes in cancer progression and radioresistance for developing novel therapy.
PubMed: 31555599
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00869 -
Drug Design, Development and Therapy 2021The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the... (Review)
Review
The mortality of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is distributed unevenly worldwide. One of the major causes is hepatitis B or hepatitis C virus infection and the development and progression of liver cirrhosis. The carcinogenesis of HCC is among others regulated via the mTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin) signaling pathway and represents a possible method of targeted treatment. The aim of our article was to address the most recent clinical advances and findings of basic studies on the mTOR signaling pathway and the involved factors. Risk factors play a key role in dysregulation of the signaling pathway, where both mTORCs are upregulated and protein synthesis is altered. eIFs and, to a lesser extent, eEFs play an essential role in this process. Whether the factor will be upregulated or downregulated, among others, depends on hepatitis B/C virus infection. The amount of a particular factor in a patient sample lets us know whether HCC recurrence will occur, what is the likelihood of chemoresistance, and what outcome is predicted for patients with an increased value. Our analysis shows that in addition to mTOR, eIF3, eIF4, and eIF5 play an important role, as they can serve as biomarkers for non- and virus-related HCC.
Topics: Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Disease Progression; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Hepatitis B; Hepatitis C; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Neoplasms; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34703211
DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S255582 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Dec 2023Regulatory T cells are a subgroup of T cells with immunomodulatory functions. Different from most cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, they play a supporting role in... (Review)
Review
Regulatory T cells are a subgroup of T cells with immunomodulatory functions. Different from most cytotoxic T cells and helper T cells, they play a supporting role in the immune system. What's more, regulatory T cells often play an immunosuppressive role, which mainly plays a role in maintaining the stability of the immune system and regulating the immune response in the body. However, recent studies have shown that not only playing a role in autoimmune diseases, organ transplantation, and other aspects, regulatory T cells can also play a role in the immune escape of tumors in the body, through various mechanisms to help tumor cells escape from the demic immune system, weakening the anti-cancer effect in the body. For a better understanding of the role that regulatory T cells can play in cancer, and to be able to use regulatory T cells for tumor immunotherapy more quickly. This review focuses on the research progress of various mechanisms of regulatory T cells in the tumor environment, the related research of tumor cells acting on regulatory T cells, and the existing various therapeutic methods acting on regulatory T cells.
Topics: Humans; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Immunomodulation; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 37806087
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115142 -
Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal... Jun 2019Here, we summarize the current scientific literature on the management of sports-related concussion (SRC) in the acute period (< 6 weeks post-injury) with a focus on... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Here, we summarize the current scientific literature on the management of sports-related concussion (SRC) in the acute period (< 6 weeks post-injury) with a focus on rest, return to learn, return to play, and emerging treatments.
RECENT FINDINGS
While relative rest is recommended for the first 24-48 h following acute SRC, the most recent guidelines highlight the lack of evidence for complete rest and in fact show that prolonged cognitive and physical rest can be detrimental. Gradual return to learn and play is recommended. Return to sport should only occur once the patient is symptom free. While there are no FDA-approved medications for acute treatment of concussion, there is preclinical data for the benefit of omega 3 fatty acids. Evidence is limited around the benefits of treating sleep disorders, vestibular-ocular dysfunction, and neck pain in the acute period. After 24-48 h of rest, SRC patients may gradually resume cognitive and physical activity. More research is needed to determine if any supplements, medications, and/or physical therapy are indicated in the management in acute SRC.
PubMed: 30887284
DOI: 10.1007/s12178-019-09545-7 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Alterations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase () gene play a key role in the development of various human tumors, and targeted therapy has transformed the treatment... (Review)
Review
Alterations in the anaplastic lymphoma kinase () gene play a key role in the development of various human tumors, and targeted therapy has transformed the treatment paradigm for these oncogene-driven tumors. However, primary or acquired resistance remains a challenge. gene variants (such as gene rearrangements and mutations) also play a key role in the tumor immune microenvironment. Immunotherapy targeting the gene has potential clinical applications. Here, we review the results of recent studies on the immunological relevance of ALK-altered tumors, which provides important insights into the development of tumor immunotherapies targeting this large class of tumors.
Topics: Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase; Antineoplastic Agents; Humans; Immunotherapy; Neoplasms; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 35958559
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.908894