-
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2023This study aimed to investigate and compare the therapeutic outcomes of psychological capital between narrative therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and play therapy...
AIM
This study aimed to investigate and compare the therapeutic outcomes of psychological capital between narrative therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and play therapy in the context of hikikomori.
METHODS
This study included 502 hikikomori. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between the three forms of therapy and psychological capital, while one-way ANOVA and independent samples -tests were performed to determine the differences in the outcomes of psychological capital between the three forms of therapies.
RESULTS
Results indicated that all three forms of therapy were significantly positively related to psychological capital. Moreover, while cognitive-behavioral therapy performed better in psychological capital (overall score) than the other two, cognitive-behavioral therapy performed better in the subscales "self-efficacy" and "resilience," while narrative therapy performed better in the "hope" and "optimism" subscales. Also, combining features of play therapy helped enhance the outcomes of narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy on psychological capital.
CONCLUSION
Owing to the varied outcomes of psychological capital among different therapies, the differential use of therapies to deal with the unique needs resultant of hikikomori helps achieve optimal results.
PubMed: 37608996
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1114170 -
Chest Sep 2017There is increasing appreciation that mitochondria serve cellular functions beyond oxygen sensing and energy production. Accordingly, it has become important to explore... (Review)
Review
There is increasing appreciation that mitochondria serve cellular functions beyond oxygen sensing and energy production. Accordingly, it has become important to explore noncanonical roles of mitochondria in normal and pathophysiological processes that influence airway structure and function in the context of diseases such as asthma and COPD. Mitochondria can sense upstream processes such as inflammation, infection, tobacco smoke, and environmental insults important in these diseases and in turn can respond to such stimuli through altered mitochondrial protein expression, structure, and resultant dysfunction. Conversely, mitochondrial dysfunction has downstream influences on cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium regulation, airway contractility, gene and protein housekeeping, responses to oxidative stress, proliferation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and certainly metabolism, which are all key aspects of airway disease pathophysiology. Indeed, mitochondrial dysfunction is thought to play a role even in normal processes such as aging and senescence and in conditions such as obesity, which impact airway diseases. Thus, understanding how mitochondrial structure and function play central roles in airway disease may be critical for the development of novel therapeutic avenues targeting dysfunctional mitochondria. In this case, it is likely that mitochondria of airway epithelium, smooth muscle, and fibroblasts play differential roles, consistent with their contributions to disease biology, underlining the challenge of targeting a ubiquitous cellular element of existential importance. This translational review summarizes the current state of understanding of mitochondrial processes that play a role in airway disease pathophysiology and identifying areas of unmet research need and opportunities for novel therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Apoptosis; Humans; Lung Diseases; Mitochondria; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species
PubMed: 28336486
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2017.03.020 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Jan 2020This review covers the possible treatment modalities of organic erectile dysfunction (ED). About 30% of men over 40 years of age suffer from ED. At diagnosis, organic ED... (Review)
Review
This review covers the possible treatment modalities of organic erectile dysfunction (ED). About 30% of men over 40 years of age suffer from ED. At diagnosis, organic ED should be distinguished from psychological ED, and it is crucial to identify underlying diseases including endocrine disorders, neurological problems and cardiovascular diseaplase. Management of organic ED is initiated by treating such underlying problems, and lifestyle changes are central. Symptomatic treatments include tablets, injections, intraurethral medication, vacuum pumps, and penile implants. Current research focuses on regenerative medicine, which may play a future role.
Topics: Erectile Dysfunction; Humans; Injections; Male; Penile Prosthesis
PubMed: 32052735
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Sports... 2023The incidence of knee injuries in sport, particularly involving the ACL, appears to be increasing yearly, especially in younger age athletes. Even more concerning is the...
The incidence of knee injuries in sport, particularly involving the ACL, appears to be increasing yearly, especially in younger age athletes. Even more concerning is the frequency of ACL reinjury also appears to be increasing year after year. Improving the objective criteria and testing methods used to determine return to play (RTP) readiness following ACL surgery is one aspect of the rehabilitation process that can significantly help in reducing reinjury rates. Currently, the majority of clinicians are still using post operative time frames as their number one criterion for clearance to RTP. This flawed method demonstrates an inadequate reflection of the true unpredictable, dynamic environment athletes are returning to participate in. In our clinical experience, objective testing to allow for clearance to sport participation following an ACL injury should incorporate neurocognitive and reactive testing due to the nature of the injury typically occurs because of failed control of unanticipated reactive movements. The purpose of this manuscript is to share a neurocognitive testing sequence we currently employ consisting of 8 tests in 3 categories: Blazepod tests, reactive shuttle run tests, and reactive hop tests. The use of a more dynamic reactive testing battery may decrease the reinjury rates when an athlete is cleared for participation by measuring readiness in chaotic circumstances that are more truly reflective of the sporting environment the athlete is working to return to and in the process give them a greater sense of confidence.
PubMed: 36793556
DOI: 10.26603/001c.67988 -
Pharmacology & Therapeutics Dec 2021Glioma is one of the most common and lethal brain tumors. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with... (Review)
Review
Glioma is one of the most common and lethal brain tumors. Surgical resection followed by radiotherapy plus chemotherapy is the current standard of care for patients with glioma. The existence of resistance to genotoxic therapy, as well as the nature of tumor heterogeneity greatly limits the efficacy of glioma therapy. DNA damage repair pathways play essential roles in many aspects of glioma biology such as cancer progression, therapy resistance, and tumor relapse. O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) repairs the cytotoxic DNA lesion generated by temozolomide (TMZ), considered as the main mechanism of drug resistance. In addition, mismatch repair, base excision repair, and homologous recombination DNA repair also play pivotal roles in treatment resistance as well. Furthermore, cellular mechanisms, such as cancer stem cells, evasion from apoptosis, and metabolic reprogramming, also contribute to TMZ resistance in gliomas. Investigations over the past two decades have revealed comprehensive mechanisms of glioma therapy resistance, which has led to the development of novel therapeutic strategies and targeting molecules.
Topics: Brain Neoplasms; DNA Damage; Glioma; Humans
PubMed: 34171339
DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107922 -
Biomarker Research Jan 2022Inflammation is a process that protects organs against various potentially harmful stimuli and enables repair. Dysregulated inflammation, however, damages tissues and... (Review)
Review
Inflammation is a process that protects organs against various potentially harmful stimuli and enables repair. Dysregulated inflammation, however, damages tissues and leads to disease, including cancer. Cancer-related inflammation is characterized by cytokine production, leukocyte infiltration, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling-all critical processes in modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME is known to play a key role in tumor progression, and targeting its immune component to achieve a better anti-tumor response is the basis of immunotherapy. Despite the critical role cytokines play in the TME and tumor progression, there is currently only one therapy approved by the FDA that directly involves cytokine signaling: human recombinant interleukin-2 protein, aldesleukin. The recent Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcomes Study (CANTOS) trial evaluated the use of anti-interleukin-1β therapy in atherosclerotic disease; however, it also revealed interleukin-1β (IL-1β) blockade with canakinumab led to a significantly lower incidence of lung cancer. This has opened a promising new avenue for lung cancer therapy, and strategies using anti-IL-1β therapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy and/or immune checkpoint blockade are currently being evaluated in several clinical trials.
PubMed: 35086565
DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00341-5 -
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Play is an active process by which an individual is intrinsically motivated to explore the self, the environment, and/or interactions with another person. For infants...
Play is an active process by which an individual is intrinsically motivated to explore the self, the environment, and/or interactions with another person. For infants and toddlers, engaging in play is essential to support development across multiple domains. Infants and toddlers with or at risk of motor delays may demonstrate differences in play or challenges with engaging in play activities compared to typically developing peers. Pediatric physical therapists often use play as a modality to engage children in therapeutic assessment and interventions. Careful consideration of the design and use of physical therapy that embeds play is needed. Following a 3-day consensus conference and review of the literature, we propose physical therapy that embeds play should consider three components; the child, the environment, and the family. First, engage the child by respecting the child's behavioral state and following the child's lead during play, respect the child's autonomous play initiatives and engagements, use activities across developmental domains, and adapt to the individual child's needs. Second, structure the environment including the toy selection to support using independent movements as a means to engage in play. Allow the child to initiate and sustain play activities. Third, engage families in play by respecting individual family cultures related to play, while also providing information on the value of play as a tool for learning. Partner with families to design an individualized physical therapy routine that scaffolds or advances play using newly emerging motor skills.
PubMed: 37366692
DOI: 10.3390/bs13060440 -
Oncotarget Jun 2017Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles released by a variety of cell types, and are thought to play important roles in intercellular communications. In breast cancer,... (Review)
Review
Exosomes are nano-sized membrane vesicles released by a variety of cell types, and are thought to play important roles in intercellular communications. In breast cancer, through horizontal transfer of various bioactive molecules, such as proteins and mRNAs, exosomes are emerging as local and systemic cell-to-cell mediators of oncogenic information and play an important role on cancer progression. This review outlines the current knowledge and concepts concerning the exosomes involvement in breast cancer pathogenesis (including tumor initiation, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, immune system modulation and tumor microenvironment) and cancer therapy resistance. Moreover, the potential use of exosomes as promising diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers in breast cancer are also discussed.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Resistance; Exosomes; Female; Humans; Neoplasm Metastasis
PubMed: 28402944
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16684 -
Irish Journal of Medical Science Dec 2022Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health issue. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the predominant diabetes type in children and always requires insulin therapy. The... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health issue. Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is the predominant diabetes type in children and always requires insulin therapy. The incidence rate of newly diagnosed T1D in children continues to increase in Ireland Roche et al. (Eur J Pediatr 175(12):1913-1919, 2016) and worldwide Patterson et al. (Diabetologia 62(3):408-417, 2019). The objective of this study was to conduct a literature review of the effects of various non-pharmacological therapeutic modalities on the control of diabetes in children. A literature review was performed using PubMed, Medline, Embase and Cochrane library to evaluate play, art, music and exercise therapy in the treatment of DM using the keywords: "paediatric", "diabetes", "play therapy", "art therapy", "music therapy" and "exercise therapy". These search terms initially returned 270 cases, which resulted in a total of 11 papers being reviewed after eliminating duplicate or irrelevant papers. Literature review showed that all therapies have a positive impact on the child, but there is limited research looking at the impact of therapy on quantitative measures such as HbA1c or 'time in range'.
Topics: Child; Humans; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Music; Insulin; Exercise Therapy; Music Therapy
PubMed: 35037160
DOI: 10.1007/s11845-021-02889-5 -
Chinese Clinical Oncology Aug 2019Gallbladder cancer, one of the family of biliary tract cancers, has a poor prognosis. Adjuvant therapy comprising radiotherapy, chemotherapy plus radiation therapy and... (Review)
Review
Gallbladder cancer, one of the family of biliary tract cancers, has a poor prognosis. Adjuvant therapy comprising radiotherapy, chemotherapy plus radiation therapy and systemic chemotherapy may all play a role in improving survival. Most extant data on adjuvant therapy are retrospective studies or meta-analyses based on these studies. Recently, a phase III study demonstrated that capecitabine is a standard treatment option for biliary tract cancers, including gallbladder cancer. Ongoing studies investigating chemotherapy, novel surgical strategies, immunotherapy, molecular-targeted therapies using molecular profiling have been developed. This review summarises current status and future perspectives of adjuvant therapy for gallbladder cancer.
Topics: Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Gallbladder Neoplasms; Humans
PubMed: 31431031
DOI: 10.21037/cco.2019.07.02