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Tidsskrift For Den Norske Laegeforening... Aug 2014
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Leukapheresis; Leukocytosis; Middle Aged
PubMed: 25096431
DOI: 10.4045/tidsskr.13.1559 -
Blood Dec 2017
Topics: Blood Platelets; Burns; Child, Preschool; Diagnostic Imaging; Elliptocytosis, Hereditary; Erythrocytes; Humans; Leukocytosis; Male; Spherocytes; Thrombocytosis
PubMed: 29269532
DOI: 10.1182/blood-2017-08-802678 -
Nature Communications Jun 2023Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), termed pediatric ARDS (pARDS) in children, is a severe form of acute respiratory failure (ARF). Pathologic immune responses...
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), termed pediatric ARDS (pARDS) in children, is a severe form of acute respiratory failure (ARF). Pathologic immune responses are implicated in pARDS pathogenesis. Here, we present a description of microbial sequencing and single cell gene expression in tracheal aspirates (TAs) obtained longitudinally from infants with ARF. We show reduced interferon stimulated gene (ISG) expression, altered mononuclear phagocyte (MNP) transcriptional programs, and progressive airway neutrophilia associated with unique transcriptional profiles in patients with moderate to severe pARDS compared to those with no or mild pARDS. We additionally show that an innate immune cell product, Folate Receptor 3 (FOLR3), is enriched in moderate or severe pARDS. Our findings demonstrate distinct inflammatory responses in pARDS that are dependent upon etiology and severity and specifically implicate reduced ISG expression, altered macrophage repair-associated transcriptional programs, and accumulation of aged neutrophils in the pathogenesis of moderate to severe pARDS caused by RSV.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Child; Aged; Transcriptome; Gene Expression Profiling; Respiratory Distress Syndrome; Interferons; Leukocytosis
PubMed: 37391405
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39593-0 -
Immunological Reviews Nov 2014Monocytes are part of the vertebrate innate immune system. Blood monocytes are produced by bone marrow and splenic progenitors that derive from hematopoietic stem cells... (Review)
Review
Monocytes are part of the vertebrate innate immune system. Blood monocytes are produced by bone marrow and splenic progenitors that derive from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). In cardiovascular disease, such as atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction, HSCs proliferate at higher levels that in turn increase production of hematopoietic cells, including monocytes. Once produced in hematopoietic niches, monocytes intravasate blood vessels, circulate, and migrate to sites of inflammation. Monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic plaque and the ischemic heart depends on various chemokines, such as CCL2, CX3 CL1, and CCL5. Once in tissue, monocytes can differentiate into macrophages and dendritic cells. Macrophages are end effector cells that regulate the steady state and tissue healing, but they can also promote disease. At sites of inflammation, monocytes and macrophages produce inflammatory cytokines, which can exacerbate disease progression. Macrophages can also phagocytose tissue debris and produce pro-healing cytokines. Additionally, macrophages are antigen-presenting cells and can prime T cells. The tissue environment, including cytokines and types of inflammation, instructs macrophage specialization. Understanding monocytosis and its consequences in disease will reveal new therapeutic opportunities without compromising steady state functions.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cell Differentiation; Cell Movement; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Inflammation; Leukocytosis; Macrophages; Monocytes; Myeloid Progenitor Cells; Myelopoiesis; Organ Specificity
PubMed: 25319334
DOI: 10.1111/imr.12219 -
Journal of Immunology Research 2020Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease that can involve the skin, joints, or both. The abnormalities of innate immunity play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of... (Review)
Review
Psoriasis is a common inflammatory disease that can involve the skin, joints, or both. The abnormalities of innate immunity play crucial roles in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Neutrophils are the most abundant leukocytes in the circulation. Emerging evidences have demonstrated that neutrophils may play a role in autoimmune diseases. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), the activity of neutrophils, and the number of NETotic cells were significantly higher in psoriasis patients compared to healthy controls. The number of low-density granulocytes (LDGs) in the blood of psoriasis patients was significantly higher than those in the control blood. Furthermore, neutrophils may play important roles in the cardiovascular risk in psoriasis. However, the exact role of neutrophils in psoriasis remains unclear. In this review, we highlight the role of neutrophils in the pathogenesis of psoriasis.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cytokines; Disease Susceptibility; Extracellular Traps; Granulocytes; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Leukocytosis; Neutrophil Infiltration; Neutrophils; Psoriasis
PubMed: 32587871
DOI: 10.1155/2020/3709749 -
The New England Journal of Medicine Nov 2016
Topics: Aged; Cystitis; Emphysema; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Female; Humans; Leukocytosis; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Urinary Bladder
PubMed: 27806219
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMicm1509543 -
Journal of Neurology Mar 2021Evidence of immune-mediated neurological syndromes associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is limited. We therefore...
BACKGROUND
Evidence of immune-mediated neurological syndromes associated with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is limited. We therefore investigated clinical, serological and CSF features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with neurological manifestations.
METHODS
Consecutive COVID-19 patients with neurological manifestations other than isolated anosmia and/or non-severe headache, and with no previous neurological or psychiatric disorders were prospectively included. Neurological examination was performed in all patients and lumbar puncture with CSF examination was performed when not contraindicated. Serum anti-gangliosides antibodies were tested when clinically indicated.
RESULTS
Of the 349 COVID-19 admitted to our center between March 23rd and April 24th 2020, 15 patients (4.3%) had neurological manifestations and fulfilled the study inclusion/exclusion criteria. CSF examination was available in 13 patients and showed lymphocytic pleocytosis in 2 patients: 1 with anti-contactin-associated protein 2 (anti-Caspr2) antibody encephalitis and 1 with meningo-polyradiculitis. Increased serum titer of anti-GD1b antibodies was found in three patients and was associated with variable clinical presentations, including cranial neuropathy with meningo-polyradiculitis, brainstem encephalitis and delirium. CSF PCR for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in all patients.
CONCLUSIONS
In SARS-Cov-2 infected patients with neurological manifestations, CSF pleocytosis is associated with para- or post-infectious encephalitis and polyradiculitis. Anti-GD1b and anti-Caspr2 autoantibodies can be identified in certain cases, raising the question of SARS-CoV-2-induced secondary autoimmunity.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies; COVID-19; Delirium; Encephalitis; Female; Gangliosides; Humans; Leukocytosis; Male; Membrane Proteins; Middle Aged; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Examination; Radiculopathy; Spinal Puncture
PubMed: 32734353
DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10108-x -
Pathogens and Disease Oct 2016The significant and sometimes dramatic rise in the number of circulating white blood cells (leukocytosis) in infants suffering from pertussis (whooping cough) has been... (Review)
Review
The significant and sometimes dramatic rise in the number of circulating white blood cells (leukocytosis) in infants suffering from pertussis (whooping cough) has been recognized for over a century. Although pertussis is a disease that afflicts people of all ages, it can be particularly severe in young infants, and these are the individuals in whom leukocytosis is most pronounced. Very high levels of leukocytosis are associated with poor outcome in infants hospitalized with pertussis and modern treatments are often aimed at reducing the number of leukocytes. Pertussis leukocytosis is caused by pertussis toxin, a soluble protein toxin released by Bordetella pertussis during infection, but the exact mechanisms by which this occurs are still unclear. In this minireview, I discuss the history of clinical and experimental findings on pertussis leukocytosis, possible contributing mechanisms causing this condition and treatments aimed at reducing leukocytosis in hospitalized infants. Since recent studies have detailed significant associations between specific levels of pertussis leukocytosis and fatal outcome, this is a timely review that may stimulate new thinking on how to understand and combat this problem.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bordetella pertussis; Exchange Transfusion, Whole Blood; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Infant; Leukocytes; Leukocytosis; Lymph Nodes; Pertussis Toxin; Survival Analysis; Whooping Cough
PubMed: 27609461
DOI: 10.1093/femspd/ftw087 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) are common in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) but rarely occur in patients with neuronal surface antibodies...
BACKGROUND
Immune-mediated cerebellar ataxias (IMCAs) are common in paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) but rarely occur in patients with neuronal surface antibodies (NSAbs). Although cerebellar ataxias (CAs) associated with anti-NMDAR and anti-CASPR2 have been reported in a few cases, they have never been studied systematically. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of anti-NSAbs-associated CAs.
METHODS
A retrospective investigation was conducted to identify patients using the keywords and . We collected the clinical data of 14 patients diagnosed with anti-NSAbs-associated CAs.
RESULTS
The median age was 33 years (16-66), and the male-to-female ratio was 4:3. Nine were positive for NMDAR-Ab, two for LGI1-Ab, two for CASPR2-Ab, and one for AMPA2R-Ab. CAs were initial symptoms in three patients and presented during the first two months of the disease course (10 days on average) among the rest of the patients. After the immunotherapy, two cases were free from symptoms, and eight cases recovered satisfactorily (10/14, 71.4%). Compared with other causes of IMCAs, anti-NSAbs were more frequently associated with additional extra-cerebellar symptoms (85.7%), mostly seizures (78.6%) and mental abnormalities (64.3%). In the CSF analysis, pleocytosis was detected in ten patients (71.4%) and oligoclonal bands (OB) were observed in nine patients (64.3%). Moreover, compared with PCD and anti-GAD65-Ab-associated CAs, anti-NSAbs-associated CAs showed a better response to immunotherapy.
CONCLUSION
IMCAs are rare and atypical in autoimmune encephalitis with neuronal surface antibodies. Compared with other forms of IMCAs, more symptoms of encephalopathy, a higher rate of pleocytosis and positive OB in CSF, and positive therapeutic effect were the key features of anti-NSAbs-associated CAs.
Topics: Adult; Autoantibodies; Cerebellar Ataxia; Female; Humans; Leukocytosis; Male; Paraneoplastic Cerebellar Degeneration; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35250990
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.813926 -
Virulence Apr 2016Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are both common and fatal in older patients. We describe data from studies evaluating older patients hospitalized with BSIs. Most older... (Review)
Review
Bloodstream infections (BSIs) are both common and fatal in older patients. We describe data from studies evaluating older patients hospitalized with BSIs. Most older patients with BSIs present "typically" with either fever or leukocytosis. The most common source of BSI in older patients is the urinary tract, and accordingly, Gram-negative organisms predominate. A significant part of these BSIs may thus be preventable by removal of unnecessary urinary catheters. Increased long term mortality is reported following BSIs in older patients, however, data on other long-term outcomes, including functional capacity, cognitive decline and others are lacking. Management of BSIs may include less invasive procedures due to the fragility of older patients. This approach may delay the diagnosis and treatment in some cases. Older patients are probably under-represented in clinical trials assessing treatment of bacteremia. Physicians treating older patients should consider the relevance of these studies' outcomes.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteremia; Catheter-Related Infections; Cognitive Dysfunction; Communicable Diseases; Cross Infection; Female; Fever; Gram-Negative Bacteria; Hospitalization; Humans; Leukocytosis; Male; Risk Factors; Time; Urinary Catheters; Urinary Tract Infections
PubMed: 26684392
DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2015.1132142