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Journal of Animal Science Dec 2021Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most important and costly health issue of the feedlot industry worldwide. Remote monitoring of reticulorumen temperature has been...
Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is the most important and costly health issue of the feedlot industry worldwide. Remote monitoring of reticulorumen temperature has been suggested as a potential tool to improve the diagnostic accuracy of BRD. The present study aimed to evaluate 1) the difference and degree of reticulorumen hyperthermia episodes between healthy and subclinical BRD feedlot steers, and 2) determine the correlation between reticulorumen hyperthermia and lung pathology, performance, and carcass traits. Mixed-breed feedlot steers (n = 148) with a mean arrival weight of 321 ± 3.34 kg were administered a reticulorumen bolus at feedlot entry and monitored for visual and audible signs of BRD until slaughter when lungs were examined and scored for lesions indicative of BRD. Post-slaughter animals with no record of BRD treatment were assigned to one of three case definitions. Healthy steers had no visual or audible signs of BRD (i.e., CIS=1), and total lung consolidation score < 5% or pleurisy score < 3 at slaughter. Subclinical BRD cases had a CIS of 1, and a lung consolidation score ≥ 5% or a pleurisy score of 3 at slaughter. Mild CIS cases had at least one CIS of 2, and a lung consolidation score < 5% and a pleurisy score < 3 at slaughter. Subclinical BRD and mild CIS cases had longer total duration of reticulorumen hyperthermia, more episodes and longer average episode duration above 40.0 °C compared to healthy steers (P < 0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found between lung consolidation and total duration (r = 0.27, P < 0.001), episode duration (r = 0.29, P < 0.001), and number of episodes (r = 0.20, P < 0.05). Pleurisy score was also found to be moderately and positively correlated with total duration (r = 0.23, P < 0.01), episode duration (r = 0.37, P < 0.001), and number of episodes (r = 0.26, P < 0.01). Moderate negative correlations were found between reticulorumen hyperthermia and carcass traits including hot standard carcass weight (HSCW) (-0.22 ≤ r ≤ -0.23, P < 0.05) and P8-fat depth (-0.18 ≤ r ≤ -0.32, P < 0.05). Subclinical BRD reduced carcass weight by 22 kg and average daily gain (ADG) by 0.44 kg/day compared to healthy steers (P < 0.05), but mild CIS cases had no effect on performance (P > 0.05). The reticulorumen bolus technology appears promising for detection of subclinical BRD cases in feedlot cattle as defined by lung pathology at slaughter.
Topics: Animals; Bovine Respiratory Disease Complex; Cattle; Lung; Phenotype; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Temperature
PubMed: 34788846
DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab337 -
Journal of Animal Science Nov 2018Pneumonia is an important issue for sheep production, leading to reduced growth rate and a predisposition to pleurisy. The objective of this study was to identify loci...
Pneumonia is an important issue for sheep production, leading to reduced growth rate and a predisposition to pleurisy. The objective of this study was to identify loci associated with pneumonic lesions and pleurisy in New Zealand progeny test lambs. The lungs from 3,572 progeny-test lambs were scored for presence and severity of pneumonic lesions and pleurisy at slaughter. Animals were genotyped using the Illumina Ovine Infinium HD SNP BeadChip (606,006 markers). The heritability of lung lesion score and pleurisy were calculated using the genomic relationship matrix, and genome-wide association analyses were conducted using EMMAX and haplotype trend regression. At slaughter, 35% of lambs had pneumonic lesions, with 9% showing lesions on more than half of any individual lobe. The number of lambs recorded as having pleurisy by the processing plants was 9%. Heritability estimates for pneumonic lesions and pleurisy scores adjusted for heteroscedasticity (CPSa and PLEURa) were 0.16 (± 0.03) and 0.05 (± 0.02), respectively. Five single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significantly associated with pneumonic lesions at the genome-wide level, and additional 37 SNPs were suggestively significant. Four SNPs were significantly associated with pleurisy, with an additional 11 SNPs reaching the suggestive level of significance. There were no regions that overlapped between the 2 traits. Multiple SNPs were in regions that contained genes involved in either the DNA damage response or the innate immune response, including several that had previously been reported to have associations with respiratory disease. Both EMMAX and HTR analyses of pleurisy data showed a significant peak on chromosome 2, located downstream from the transcription factor SP3. SP3 activates or suppresses the expression of numerous genes, including several genes with known functions in the immune system. This study identified several SNPs associated with genes involved in both the innate immune response and the response to DNA damage that are associated with pneumonic lesions and pleurisy in lambs at slaughter. Additionally, the identification in sheep of several SNPs within genes that have previously been associated with the respiratory system in cattle, pigs, rats, and mice indicates that there may be common pathways that underlie the response to invasion by respiratory pathogens in multiple species.
Topics: Animals; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Haplotypes; Lung; New Zealand; Phenotype; Pleurisy; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 30099550
DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky323 -
BMC Pulmonary Medicine Jun 2020The collected works of Hippocrates were searched for concepts on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute and urgent respiratory diseases, with the objective to... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
The collected works of Hippocrates were searched for concepts on the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of acute and urgent respiratory diseases, with the objective to trace their origins in the Hippocratic Collection.
METHODS
A scoping review was performed to map out key concepts of acute and severe respiratory diseases in the entire Hippocratic Collection. The digital library Thesaurus Lingua Graeca (TLG) was researched for references in the entire Hippocratic Collection regarding the epidemiology, pathophysiology, prognosis, diagnosis and treatment of acute respiratory diseases; then, the relevant texts were studied in their English translation by the Loeb Classical Library.
RESULTS
Hippocratic physicians followed principles of treatment for pneumonia and pleurisy, still relevant, such as hydration, expectoration, analgesia and prompt mobilisation. Other approaches, including the inhalation of "vapours through tubes" in angina, can be considered as forerunners of modern medical practice. Thoracic empyema was diagnosed by shaking the patient and direct chest auscultation after "applying your ear to his sides". In case of an emergency from upper airway obstruction, urgent insertion of primitive airway equipment, such as a small pharyngeal tube, was applied.
CONCLUSIONS
The main Hippocratic concepts on four still common acute and urgent respiratory diseases -pneumonia, pleurisy, thoracic empyema and upper airway obstruction- were identified and most of them were found to be in agreement with contemporary medical thinking and practice.
Topics: Acute Disease; Airway Obstruction; Diagnosis; Emergencies; Empyema, Pleural; Greece, Ancient; Greek World; History, Ancient; Humans; Physicians; Pleurisy; Pneumonia; Prognosis
PubMed: 32522288
DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01193-9 -
Thoracic Cancer Apr 2022Pleural biopsies for investigating the causes of pleurisy are performed through modalities including needle biopsies, local anesthetic thoracoscopic procedures, and...
BACKGROUND
Pleural biopsies for investigating the causes of pleurisy are performed through modalities including needle biopsies, local anesthetic thoracoscopic procedures, and surgery (video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery and open thoracotomy). To date, there have been no large-scale nationwide epidemiological studies regarding pleurisy diagnosed via surgical pleural biopsy. This study examined the epidemiology of pleurisy diagnosed via surgical pleural biopsy in a Japanese nationwide administrative database.
METHODS
We evaluated Japanese Diagnosis Procedure Combination data of 24 173 patients who underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or open thoracotomy and received a diagnosis of pleurisy between April 2014 and March 2020. In addition to pleurisy diagnoses, the patients' clinical information, including age, sex, smoking status (pack-years), dyspnea grade, length of in-hospital stay, and comorbidities, were extracted from the dataset.
RESULTS
This study included data from 1699 patients. The most frequent causes of pleurisy were neoplastic diseases (55.9%; malignant mesothelioma 22.5%, lung cancer 15.7%, lymphoma 2.5%), followed by infectious diseases (24.0%; tuberculosis 16.2%, parapneumonic pleural effusion 3.6%, empyema 3.5%, nontuberculous mycobacteriosis 0.5%), collagen vascular diseases (2.8%; rheumatoid arthritis 1.3%, immunoglobulin G4-related diseases 0.7%, systemic lupus erythematosus 0.3%), and paragonimiasis (0.1%).
CONCLUSIONS
Neoplastic diseases, including malignant mesothelioma and lung cancer, were frequently and accurately diagnosed as pleurisy via surgical pleural biopsy. The next leading cause was infectious diseases such as mycobacterial infections. Physicians should consider performing surgical biopsy in light of the knowledge regarding the etiology of pleurisy when a definitive diagnosis cannot be made via needle pleural biopsy.
Topics: Biopsy; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Thoracic Surgery, Video-Assisted
PubMed: 35243795
DOI: 10.1111/1759-7714.14368 -
Respiratory Research Jan 2024Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TBP). However, pleural effusions with high ADA can also be caused by other... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is a useful biomarker for the diagnosis of tuberculous pleurisy (TBP). However, pleural effusions with high ADA can also be caused by other diseases, particularly hematologic malignant pleural effusion (hMPE). This study aimed to investigate the features that could differentiate TBP and hMPE in patients with pleural effusion ADA ≥ 40 IU/L.
METHODS
This was a retrospective observational study of patients with pleural effusion ADA ≥ 40 IU/L, conducted at a Korean tertiary referral hospital with an intermediate tuberculosis burden between January 2010 and December 2017. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the features associated with TBP and hMPE, respectively.
RESULTS
Among 1134 patients with ADA ≥ 40 IU/L, 375 (33.1%) and 85 (7.5%) were diagnosed with TBP and hMPE, respectively. TBP and hMPE accounted for 59% (257/433) and 6% (27/433) in patients with ADA between 70 and 150 IU/L, respectively. However, in patients with ADA ≥ 150 IU/L, they accounted for 7% (9/123) and 19% (23/123), respectively. When ADA between 40 and 70 IU/L was the reference category, ADA between 70 and 150 IU/L was independently associated with TBP (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 3.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.95-4.95; P < 0.001). ADA ≥ 150 IU/L was negatively associated with TBP (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.14-0.90; P = 0.029) and positively associated with hMPE (aOR, 13.21; 95% CI, 5.67-30.79; P < 0.001). In addition, TBP was independently associated with lymphocytes ≥ 35% and a lactate dehydrogenase (LD)/ADA ratio < 18 in pleural effusion. hMPE was independently associated with pleural polymorphonuclear neutrophils < 50%, thrombocytopenia, and higher serum LD. A combination of lymphocytes ≥ 35%, LD/ADA < 18, and ADA < 150 IU/L demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.824 and specificity of 0.937 for predicting TBP.
CONCLUSION
In patients with very high levels of pleural effusion ADA, hMPE should be considered. Several features in pleural effusion and serum may help to more effectively differentiate TBP from hMPE.
Topics: Humans; Adenosine Deaminase; Tuberculosis, Pleural; Pleural Effusion; Pleural Effusion, Malignant; Hematologic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38178065
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02645-6 -
Computational and Mathematical Methods... 2022Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage to multiple systems of the body. A number of studies have shown that long-chain...
BACKGROUND
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that can cause damage to multiple systems of the body. A number of studies have shown that long-chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA) can participate in the occurrence and development of a variety of autoimmune diseases. This study is aimed at detecting the expression levels of 5 lncRNAs in SLE patients and healthy controls and at exploring the relationship between expression levels and clinical symptoms and laboratory indicators.
METHODS
The design type of this study is a case-control study. A total of 76 SLE patients and 71 healthy controls were included in the first phase of the study. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression level of 5 kinds of lncRNAs including lnc7514, lnc0640, lncagf, nc3643, and lnc5150 in PBMCs of two groups of patients; the expression of lncRNAs in the case group and the control group was analyzed. We analyzed the differences in the expression levels of lncRNAs between case and control groups, and explored the association of expression levels with clinical manifestations and laboratory characteristics. SPSS23.0 was used to analyze the expression level and gene polymorphism results; the statistical analysis test level = 0.05.
RESULTS
The expression level of lnc0640 in PBMCs of SLE patient group was higher than that of healthy control group ( = -3.56, = 0.03). However, lnc5150 was lower than in healthy controls ( = -7.16, < 0.001). lnc3643 expression levels were lower in SLE patients of SLE patients with pleurisy was lower than that of patients without pleurisy ( = -2.44, = 0.02). Low lnc3643 expression levels were observed in PBMCs with SLE patients with rash symptoms ( = -2.75, = 0.013). SLE expressed lower lnc3643 levels in PBMCs with SLE compared with those without pleurisy ( = -2.42, = 0.02). The above differences were statistically significant. Association analysis of lncRNA expression levels and clinical manifestations in SLE patients found that SLE was lower than those without rash or pleurisy (both < 0.05); association analysis of lncRNA expression level and laboratory results found a negative correlation between lnc3643, lnc7514, and SLE disease activity score (SLEDAI-2K), blood sink (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP) (all < 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
lnc0640 was overexpressed in PBMCs in SLE patients compared with healthy controls. lnc3643 was negatively correlated with SLEDAI, and expression levels were associated with SLE patients with arthritis, rash, and pleuritis.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Case-Control Studies; China; Computational Biology; Female; Genetic Markers; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Male; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Genetic; RNA, Long Noncoding; Transcriptome
PubMed: 35265170
DOI: 10.1155/2022/4446016 -
Annals of Palliative Medicine Sep 2020Recently, the combination of clinical and pleural fluid data can be used to calculate a score which helps facilitate differential diagnosis between tuberculous pleuritis...
BACKGROUND
Recently, the combination of clinical and pleural fluid data can be used to calculate a score which helps facilitate differential diagnosis between tuberculous pleuritis (TBP) and No-TBP effusions. However, a reliable determination of adenosine deaminase (ADA) remains difficult to obtain in Thailand. Therefore, the aim of our study was set out to develop a scoring which makes use of clinical and pleural fluid data.
METHODS
A retrospective study involved 15 patients with TBP and 41 patients with no-TBP. The clinical and pleural fluid data of all patients from January 1, 2011, 32 to December 31, 2014, were collected. The diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value were calculated.
RESULTS
The parameters were superior in detecting TBP, including the ADA ≥17.5 U/L, In scoring I [ADA ≥40 U/L, age The high pleural fluid ADA, high scores model 1, high scores model 2, lower RBC, and no previous history of cancer may help to categorize patients into probable TBP for further clinical decisionmaking.35 years, temperature ≥37.8 ℃, and RBC The high pleural fluid ADA, high scores model 1, high scores model 2, lower RBC, and no previous history of cancer may help to categorize patients into probable TBP for further clinical decisionmaking.5×109 /L] as ≥1.5 points, and scoring II [no previous history of cancer, age The high pleural fluid ADA, high scores model 1, high scores model 2, lower RBC, and no previous history of cancer may help to categorize patients into probable TBP for further clinical decisionmaking.35 years, temperature ≥37.8 ℃ RBC The high pleural fluid ADA, high scores model 1, high scores model 2, lower RBC, and no previous history of cancer may help to categorize patients into probable TBP for further clinical decisionmaking.5×109 /L, pleural protein ≥50 g/L, and LDH ratio ≥2.2] as ≥4.5 points, since the area under curve (AUC) 74.0%, 74.0%, and 81.0%, sensitivity 73.3%, 73.3%, and 71.4%, and specificity 68.7%, 62.5%, and 71.1%, respectively). Moreover, no previous history of cancer and lower RBC The high pleural fluid ADA, high scores model 1, high scores model 2, lower RBC, and no previous history of cancer may help to categorize patients into probable TBP for further clinical decisionmaking.5×109 /L indicated sensitivity (90.6% and 65.5%), and specificity (70.0% and 44.4%), respectively. Summated scores of ≥5 points in model 1 and ≥6 points in model 2 yielded measures of sensitivity (46.7% and 57.1%), and specificity (84.4% and 80.5%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The high pleural fluid ADA, high scores model 1, high scores model 2, lower RBC, and no previous history of cancer may help to categorize patients into probable TBP for further clinical decisionmaking.
Topics: Adenosine Deaminase; Adult; Humans; Pleural Effusion; Pleurisy; Retrospective Studies; Tuberculosis, Pleural
PubMed: 32921071
DOI: 10.21037/apm-19-394 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Pleural Diseases; Pneumothorax; Pleurisy; Social Isolation
PubMed: 36047122
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.0333-22 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2022Crebanine (Cre) and Stephanine (Step) are isoquinoline aporphine-type alkaloids that are extracted from H. S. Lo. Plants of the genus are often used for treatment of...
Crebanine (Cre) and Stephanine (Step) are isoquinoline aporphine-type alkaloids that are extracted from H. S. Lo. Plants of the genus are often used for treatment of stomach pain, abdominal pain, and rheumatoid arthritis. Both Cre and Step exhibit strong activities but are also associated with a certain level of toxicity, 10,11-dibrominecrebanine (2Br-Cre) is a bromine-modified derivative of Cre that we prepared and tested in order to reduce toxicity and enhance efficacy. To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 2Br-Cre and Step based on previous research findings and explore the specific biological mechanisms involved. The anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 2Br-Cre and Step were investigated using a range of experimental models, including xylene-induced ear edema, carrageenan-induced pleurisy, carrageenan-induced paw edema, the hot-plate test, the naloxone antagonism test and the acetic acid writhing test. A model of chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve was also established to investigate therapeutic effects. A RAW264.7 cell model was established using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to estimate the effects of these compounds on cytokines levels. 2Br-Cre and step significantly inhibited ear edema, paw edema and presented anti-inflammatory activity in the pleurisy model by inhibiting leukocyte migration and nitric oxide (NO) production, and by reducing the levels of PGE2. 2Br-Cre and Step significantly increased the pain threshold of mice subjected to heat stimulation; the effect was blocked by naloxone, thus suggesting that the analgesic effects of 2Br-Cre and Step were mediated by opioid receptors. 2Br-Cre and Step inhibited the frequency of writhing and prolonged the latency of writhing, and reduced the abnormal increase in the levels of BDNF in the serum and brain, thus alleviating the pain caused by CCI. In addition, 2Br-Cre and Step significantly inhibited the production of several inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) by LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages ( < .01). 2Br-Cre and Step exerted remarkable anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. As a structural modification of Cre, 2Br-Cre retains the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Cre but with better efficacy. Consequently, 2Br-Cre should be investigated further as a lead compound for analgesia.
PubMed: 36686697
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1092583 -
Porcine Health Management 2020Chronic pleurisy is a common finding in slaughtered pigs in post-mortem meat inspection. The prevalence of pleurisy has been increasing during the last decade also in...
BACKGROUND
Chronic pleurisy is a common finding in slaughtered pigs in post-mortem meat inspection. The prevalence of pleurisy has been increasing during the last decade also in Finland. The aim of this prospective case-control study was to search for environmental, infectious and management-related herd-level risk factors for pleurisy in the slaughterhouse. Altogether 46 Finnish pig herds, including 25 control (low pleurisy prevalence in meat inspection) and 21 case (high pleurisy) herds, were enrolled in the study and visited during the tenth week of the rearing period of finishing pigs. Herd personnel were asked about basic herd information, management and environmental factors. Selected pigs were examined clinically, environmental parameters were measured and 15 blood samples per herd were taken during herd visits. Antibodies against serotype 2 (APP2) and ApxIV toxin and swine influenza virus were measured. After the slaughter of study pigs, meat inspection results of the batch were gathered from slaughterhouses. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to identify possible risk factors for a herd to be a case herd (i.e. having high pleurisy values).
RESULTS
Finishing herd type and herd size were observed to act as risk factors. None of clinical signs of pigs, management-related factors or environmental measurements were associated with herd status.
CONCLUSIONS
As previously known, in endemic and subclinical infections such as APP, herd factors are important, but detailed risk factors seem to be difficult to identify.
PubMed: 32884831
DOI: 10.1186/s40813-020-00156-0