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Cells Oct 2022The GATA1 transcription factor is essential for normal erythropoiesis and megakaryocytic differentiation. Germline GATA1 pathogenic variants in the N-terminal zinc...
The GATA1 transcription factor is essential for normal erythropoiesis and megakaryocytic differentiation. Germline GATA1 pathogenic variants in the N-terminal zinc finger (N-ZF) are typically associated with X-linked thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, and dyserythropoietic anemia. A few variants in the C-terminal ZF (C-ZF) domain are described with normal platelet count but altered platelet function as the main characteristic. Independently performed molecular genetic analysis identified a hemizygous variant (c.865C>T, p.H289Y) in the C-ZF region of GATA1 in a German patient and in a Spanish patient. We characterized the bleeding and platelet phenotype of these patients and compared these findings with the parameters of two German siblings carrying the likely pathogenic variant p.D218N in the GATA1 N-ZF domain. The main difference was profound thrombocytopenia in the brothers carrying the p.D218N variant compared to a normal platelet count in patients carrying the p.H289Y variant; only the Spanish patient occasionally developed mild thrombocytopenia. A functional platelet defect affecting αIIbβ3 integrin activation and α-granule secretion was present in all patients. Additionally, mild anemia, anisocytosis, and poikilocytosis were observed in the patients with the C-ZF variant. Our data support the concept that GATA1 variants located in the different ZF regions can lead to clinically diverse manifestations.
Topics: Humans; Male; GATA1 Transcription Factor; Integrins; Phenotype; Thrombocytopenia; Zinc Fingers; Genetic Diseases, X-Linked; Genetic Variation; Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital; Blood Platelets
PubMed: 36291092
DOI: 10.3390/cells11203223 -
Frontiers in Physiology 2024Despite numerous studies on microplastics, the biological impacts of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) and its toxicity on freshwater fish have yet to be fully...
Despite numerous studies on microplastics, the biological impacts of polypropylene microplastics (PP-MPs) and its toxicity on freshwater fish have yet to be fully revealed. The purpose of this research was to look at the potentially harmful effects of PP-MPs in freshwater African catfish and bioremediation using . After acclimatization to laboratory conditions, 108 fish (125 ± 3 gm and 27 ± 2 cm) were assigned into triplicate six experimental groups (12 fish/group), a control group, group (SP), PP-MP-treated groups (0.14 and 0.28 mg/l PP-MPs), and PP-MP + -treated groups (0.14 mg/l PP-MPs + 200 mg/L SP and 0.28 mg/l PP-MPs +200 mg/L SP) for 15-day exposure and 45-day recovery after that. The hematological parameters exhibiting significance (RBCs, Hct, Hb, and MCV) or non-significance (MCH and MCHC) either decreased with the increase in PP-MP doses from 0.0 in the control to 0.28 mg/L red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit (Hct), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), hemoglobin (Hb) and platelets or increased with such an increase in doses (mean corpuscular volume (MCV)). The liver enzyme activity, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) exhibited non-significant ( ≥ 0.05) or significant ( < 0.05) increases in (0.14 and 0.28 mg/L) PP-MP-exposed groups, respectively, except ALP. Furthermore, there was a significant ( < 0.05) or non-significant ( ≥ 0.05) increase in 0.14 and 0.28 mg/l PP-MP +200 mg/L-exposure groups, respectively, compared to the control group and the same exposure group without . In comparison to the control group, PP-MPs (0.14 and 0.28 mg/L) induced a significant ( < 0.05) increase in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs. The liver tissue from fish exposed to PP-MPs exhibited varying degrees of pathological changes. These results indicated that these pathological changes increased with PP-MP concentration, suggesting that the effect of PP-MPs was dose-dependent. After 45 days of recovery under normal conditions, it was obvious that there was a significant improvement in the percentage of poikilocytosis and nuclear abnormalities of RBCs, as well as a non-significant improvement in hemato-biochemical parameters and liver tissue.
PubMed: 38846421
DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1380652 -
Cureus Mar 2022Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in the substitution of CTG by CAG in the sixth codon of the beta-globin gene. As a result of this, the...
Sickle cell disease is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in the substitution of CTG by CAG in the sixth codon of the beta-globin gene. As a result of this, the hydrophilic glutamic acid residue is replaced by hydrophobic valine residue, leading to the formation of hemoglobin tetramer HBS. This alteration in the beta-globin chain makes the red blood cells prone to sickling, especially in the presence of risk factors such as stress, hypoxia, and infection. These sickled red blood cells have the tendency to adhere to the endothelium and lead to vessel occlusion and distal tissue ischemia. The recent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has impacted millions across the globe, putting individuals with co-morbidities at particularly high risk, and patients with sickle cell disease are no exception. We present the case of a 47-year-old African American male presenting to the emergency department with subjective fevers and a two-day history of pain in the arms, legs, and chest. A diagnosed case of sickle cell disease, the patient was on hydromorphone for pain management but ran out of his medications a few weeks before presentation. On examination, the patient was saturating well with mild tenderness upon palpation of the arms, legs, and chest. On complete blood count, the patient had a hemoglobin of 11.3 g/dL and a white cell count of 13.1 x10(3)/mcL. The patient had a normal mean corpuscular volume with reticulocytosis, hypochromia, ovalocytosis, poikilocytosis, polychromasia, and target cells. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was positive. The chest X-ray did not reveal any significant findings. He was admitted to the medicine floor for the management of sickle cell crisis and was placed under airborne and droplet precautions. The patient was started on hydromorphone for pain management and intravenous fluid hydration. On the second day of admission, the patient reported increasing shortness of breath. He was saturating 90% on room air and 94% on 2 liters of supplemental oxygen. The white blood cell count increased to 18.42 x10(3)/mcL and the chest X-ray revealed reticular densities with patchy alveolar opacities in the left lung. Given the decline in respiratory status, the patient was started on remdesivir. Over the course of his hospital stay, the patient's pain and respiratory status improved, with the patient saturating 97% on room air. He was discharged home with instructions to follow isolation precautions for at least two weeks, folic acid, and adequate pain management. An appointment was also scheduled for the patient to follow with a sickle cell nurse practitioner upon discharge.
PubMed: 35494937
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.23604 -
Veterinary Research Communications Apr 2024South American camelids (SACs) play an increasing role in veterinary care in Europe. Many alpacas or llamas presented to veterinarians suffer from anaemia, regularly... (Review)
Review
South American camelids (SACs) play an increasing role in veterinary care in Europe. Many alpacas or llamas presented to veterinarians suffer from anaemia, regularly with a packed cell volume (PCV) below 0.10 l/l, which is a life-threatening condition for the animals. This review article presents clinical and laboratory diagnostic tools for the diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. Clinical identification of anaemic animals can be performed by assessing the FAMACHA© score and the Body Condition Score (BCS), since anaemia in alpacas and llamas correlates with pale mucous membranes and a lowered BCS. Haematological examination of a blood sample can provide a more differentiated diagnosis of anaemia in SACs. A common finding is regenerative anaemia with an increased number of reticulocytes that is often caused by blood loss due to Haemonchus contortus. Changes in a blood smear from an alpaca or llama with regenerative anaemia may include normoblasts (nucleated red blood cells), anisocytosis, poikilocytosis, polychromasia, Howell-Jolly bodies or basophilic stippling. Furthermore, non-regenerative anaemia, often caused by trace element deficiency or cachexia, can also occur.
Topics: Animals; Camelids, New World; Anemia; Haemonchus; South America
PubMed: 38049672
DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10274-z -
Journal of Hematology Dec 2018The study shows the effect of hyperglycemia on RBCs in terms of morphological changes and their chromic status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
BACKGROUND
The study shows the effect of hyperglycemia on RBCs in terms of morphological changes and their chromic status in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).
METHODS
A total of 100 pregnant women were enrolled from Maternity and Children Hospital, Qassim, Saudi Arabia including 40 women with confirmed GDM (group-1), 30 women with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes (group-2) and 30 women with normal pregnancy without GDM or pre-gestational diabetes (control group-3). Demographic, anthropometric, medical and biochemical data were obtained from the study subjects. Complete blood count (CBC) and peripheral smears were performed from routine blood samples. Red blood cells (RBCs) morphological analysis was carried out by a hematologist and deviations in size, shape, and staining properties of the RBCs were recorded.
RESULTS
The groups were similar in demographic characteristics (P > 0.05). RBCs showed normocytic and normochromic features in 83.3% patients of group-3 as compared to 57.5% in group-1, 30% in group-2, respectively. Microcytic hypochromic cells and anisocytosis were mostly encountered in group-2 in 53.3% and 93.3% patients respectively (P = 0.000). Forty percent of RBCs in goup-1 showed microcytic and hypochromic characteristics as compared to group-3 (P = 0.015). Additionally, 42.5% group-1 patients had anisocytosis as compared to group-3 (P = 0.003). Poikilocytosis, target cells and macrocytes were mostly observed in group-2.
CONCLUSIONS
Persistent hyperglycemia changes shape, size and hemoglobin contents of RBCs which are associated with the hyperglycemic status and exposure time.
PubMed: 32300429
DOI: 10.14740/jh449w -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2023The use of plant growth regulators has led to environmental contamination of water bodies that occur adjacent to agricultural areas. Some of these chemicals are...
The use of plant growth regulators has led to environmental contamination of water bodies that occur adjacent to agricultural areas. Some of these chemicals are bioactive, not only to plants, but also to non-target exposed biota, namely of the aquatic compartment. Previous work demonstrated the establishment of hepato- and nephrotoxic effects in juvenile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) exposed via aquatic media to gibberellic acid (GA), which is among the most used plant growth regulators, in agricultural practices. Here, we investigated the effect of GA on hematological indices, poikilocytosis, nuclear abnormalities, and genotoxic indices measured in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), as well as the putative protective effects of dietary supplementation of Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis). Fish were evenly assorted into 5 groups: group I served as a control, and groups II-V were fed diets supplemented with Spirulina at rates of 0 g/kg, 5 g/kg, 20 g/kg, and 100 g/kg, respectively, for 2 months before being exposed to 150 mg/L GA. The results revealed that GA exposure decreased significantly all hematological indices (P < 0.05), except leucocytes and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), compared to the control group (P > 0.05). GA exposure increased significantly the percentage of nuclear abnormalities, altered erythrocytes and the percentages of tail DNA, compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Spirulina supplementation restored the hematological, poikilocytosis, nuclear abnormalities, and the percentages of tail DNA to near normal levels. The 100 g/kg SP treatment was the most effective in attaining such effect, showing concentration-dependency. The present study reinforces our findings of the toxicity of GA on O. niloticus and suggests that the addition of Spirulina to fish diet can mitigate the hemotoxic effects of GA.
Topics: Animals; Cichlids; Tilapia; Spirulina; Plant Growth Regulators; Dietary Supplements; Diet; Animal Feed
PubMed: 36346524
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23844-6 -
Porcine Health Management May 2023Tail biting is a multifactorial problem. As the health status is one of the factors commonly linked to tail biting, this study focuses on the health of identified...
BACKGROUND
Tail biting is a multifactorial problem. As the health status is one of the factors commonly linked to tail biting, this study focuses on the health of identified biters. 30 (obsessive) biters are compared to 30 control animals by clinical and pathological examination as well as blood and cerebrospinal fluid samples. In that way, altogether 174 variables are compared between the groups. Moreover, connections between the variables are analysed.
RESULTS
In the clinical examination, 6 biters, but only 2 controls (P = 0.019) were noticeably agitated in the evaluation of general behaviour, while 8 controls were noticeably calmer (2 biters, P = 0.02). Biters had a lower body weight (P = 0.0007) and 13 biters had overlong bristles (4 controls, P = 0.008). In the pathological examination, 5 biters, but none of the controls had a hyperceratosis or inflammation of the pars proventricularis of the stomach (P = 0.018). However, 7 controls and only 3 biters were affected by gut inflammation (P = 0.03). In the blood sample, protein and albumin levels were below normal range for biters (protein: 51.6 g/l, albumin: 25.4 g/l), but not for controls (protein: 53.7 g/l, albumin: 27.4 g/l), (protein: P = 0.05, albumin: P = 0.02). Moreover, 14 biters, but only 8 controls had poikilocytosis (P = 0.05). Although not statistically different between groups, many animals (36/60) were affected by hypoproteinemia and hyponatremia as well as by hypokalemia (53/60) and almost all animals (58/60) had hypomagnesemia. For hypomagnesemia, significant connections with variables linked to tail damage and ear necrosis were detected (r/V/ρ ≥ 0.4, P ≤ 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The results suggest that behavioural tests might be helpful in identifying biters. Moreover, cornification and inflammation of the pars proventricularis is linked to becoming a biter. Furthermore, the results highlight the need for appropriate and adjusted nutrient and mineral supply, especially with regard to magnesium.
PubMed: 37161469
DOI: 10.1186/s40813-023-00314-0 -
Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012) Dec 2022Secondary thrombocytosis, also known as reactive thrombocytosis, is defined as an abnormal increase in platelet count as a result of another underlying medical or...
INTRODUCTION
Secondary thrombocytosis, also known as reactive thrombocytosis, is defined as an abnormal increase in platelet count as a result of another underlying medical or surgical condition. Once the medical cause of reactive thrombocytosis was determined, it could be treated. In this case, supportive treatment with no iron supplements for anemia and infection improved the case condition rapidly.
CASE PRESENTATION
we report a 20 years old Sudanese female who presented with high-grade fever, right iliac fossa pain, hyper pigmented macules on the tongue and a past history of undiagnosed anemia. Laboratory results showed platelets = 1007 × 10^3/μl, hemoglobin = 3.5 g/dl with low MCV, total WBC was also high = 14.9 × 10^3/μl. Peripheral blood picture showed anisocytosis and poikilocytosis, microcytic hypochromic RBCs associated with target cells, pencil cells, teardrops cells and polychromies cells and with leukocytosis and very high platelets in the film. Abdominal ultrasound showed evidence of pelvic inflammatory disease. After receiving supportive treatment, antibiotics and 3 units of blood the patient showed remarkable improvement and reduction in platelet count.
DISCUSSION
We discuss the mechanism of the reactive thrombocytosis state and the variable treatment options when accompanied with iron deficiency anemia.
CONCLUSION
Reactive thrombocytosis with extreme platelet count should always be considered in patients presented with severe iron deficiency anemia and infection. In this case report the high platelet count was reversed successfully after commencing antibiotics and blood transfusion although of the poor patient compliance and the poor investigations were obtained from the patient.
PubMed: 36582913
DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104927 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Dec 2021To document RBC abnormalities in dogs with congenital ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
OBJECTIVE
To document RBC abnormalities in dogs with congenital ventricular outflow tract obstruction.
ANIMALS
62 dogs with pulmonic stenosis (PS) or aortic stenosis (AS) and 20 control dogs were recruited.
PROCEDURES
The proportions of RBCs that were schistocytes, acanthocytes, and keratocytes were assessed. Complete blood cell counts were performed. Tested variables included hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, and erythrocyte count.
RESULTS
Median (interquartile range [IQR]) peak systolic Doppler-derived trans-stenotic pressure gradient (∆P) values were 161 mm Hg (108 to 215 mm Hg) and 134 mm Hg (125 to 165 mm Hg) for dogs with PS and AS, respectively. Hematologic abnormalities were detected in most dogs with AS or PS (54/62 [87%]) versus 8/20 [40%] in control dogs, with schistocytes found in 40 of 62 (65%; median, 0.1% RBCs; IQR, 0% to 0.3%), acanthocytes in 29 of 62 (47%; median, 0.3% RBCs; IQR, 0% to 0.9%), keratocytes in 39 of 62 (63%; median, 0% RBCs; IQR, 0% to 0.2%), and hemolytic anemia in 4 dogs with PS. No significant association was identified between these abnormalities and ∆P. However, 3 of 4 dogs with anemia had a ∆P > 200 mm Hg (range, 242 to 340 mm Hg). The dog with the highest ∆P value also had the most severe anemia and schistocytosis, and both resolved after balloon valvuloplasty.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Poikilocytosis is common in dogs with congenital ventricular outflow tract obstruction, with anemia only observed in few dogs with high ∆P values.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Erythrocytes; Heart Ventricles; Pulmonary Valve Stenosis
PubMed: 34936577
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.21.11.0188 -
Journal of Veterinary Research Jun 2020Although peripheral blood analysis has become increasingly automated, microscopy is the only available method for the diagnosis of anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. The...
INTRODUCTION
Although peripheral blood analysis has become increasingly automated, microscopy is the only available method for the diagnosis of anisocytosis and poikilocytosis. The aims of the study were to compare RBC volume data obtained with two different analysers and by manual assessment of smears and to compare this data between dogs in various stages of heart failure secondary to degenerative mitral valvular (DMV) disease. The impact of diuretic administration on RBC morphology was also assessed.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Sixty-eight dogs, 56 in different stages of DMV disease and 12 as healthy controls, were studied. Impedance and flow cytometry haematological analyses were performed for each animal. Additionally, two smears were prepared for manual analysis. RBC structure, staining, and size differences were recorded.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the blood morphological parameters assessed using haematological analysers nor between dogs receiving diuretic treatment and those not treated. Based on the manual smear, significantly higher erythrocyte anisocytosis was observed in the dogs with symptomatic DMV disease than in the control group.
CONCLUSION
Haematological analysers based on impedance and flow cytometry provide reliable and comparable morphological results in dogs with heart failure. However, microscopic assessment of blood smears is a more reliable tool to detect erythrocyte anisocytosis.
PubMed: 32587922
DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2020-0043