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Cells Feb 2021Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, which affect female reproduction and pregnancy worldwide, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the... (Review)
Review
Female infertility is mainly caused by ovulation disorders, which affect female reproduction and pregnancy worldwide, with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) being the most prevalent of these. PCOS is a frequent endocrine disease that is associated with abnormal function of the female sex hormone estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs). Estrogens mediate genomic effects through ERα and ERβ in target tissues. The G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) has recently been described as mediating the non-genomic signaling of estrogen. Changes in estrogen receptor signaling pathways affect cellular activities, such as ovulation; cell cycle phase; and cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Over the years, some selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) have made substantial strides in clinical applications for subfertility with PCOS, such as tamoxifen and clomiphene, however the role of ER in PCOS still needs to be understood. This article focuses on the recent progress in PCOS caused by the abnormal expression of estrogen and ERs in the ovaries and uterus, and the clinical application of related targeted small-molecule drugs.
Topics: Endometrium; Estrogen Receptor Modulators; Female; Humans; Models, Biological; Ovulation; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Receptors, Estrogen
PubMed: 33669960
DOI: 10.3390/cells10020459 -
Fertility and Sterility Feb 2021
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Pregnancy; Premature Birth
PubMed: 33272639
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2020.09.169 -
Ugeskrift For Laeger Oct 2022Insulin resistance is an essential metabolic phenomenon that plays an important part in the pathophysiological development of a number of common diseases, such as...
Insulin resistance is an essential metabolic phenomenon that plays an important part in the pathophysiological development of a number of common diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, arterial hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, fatty liver disease, and several types of cancer. It is therefore important for the clinician to understand the nature of insulin resistance. The purpose of this article is to provide a status of today's knowledge on the subject that applies to diagnosis and treatment of patients with insulin resistance in the daily clinic.
Topics: Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Risk Factors; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Obesity; Insulin
PubMed: 36305255
DOI: No ID Found -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2015
Topics: Female; Humans; Insulin; Life Style; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 26841154
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.61.06.485 -
Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism:... Jan 2019Recent studies have shown that sex and sex steroids influence the composition of the gut microbiome. These studies also indicate that steroid regulation of the gut... (Review)
Review
Recent studies have shown that sex and sex steroids influence the composition of the gut microbiome. These studies also indicate that steroid regulation of the gut microbiome may play a role in pathological situations of hormonal excess, such as PCOS. Indeed, studies demonstrated that PCOS is associated with decreased alpha diversity and changes in specific Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes, previously associated with metabolic dysregulation. These studies suggest that androgens may regulate the gut microbiome in females and that hyperandrogenism may be linked with a gut 'dysbiosis' in PCOS. Future mechanistic studies will be required to elucidate how sex steroids regulate the composition and function of the gut microbial community and what the consequences of this regulation are for the host.
Topics: Dysbiosis; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 30503354
DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2018.11.001 -
Fertility and Sterility May 2022Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impacts approximately 6%-10% of women worldwide, with hallmark features of hyperandrogenism, irregular menses, infertility, and... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) impacts approximately 6%-10% of women worldwide, with hallmark features of hyperandrogenism, irregular menses, infertility, and polycystic appearing ovaries on ultrasound. In addition, PCOS is associated with several endocrine and metabolic disorders, including obesity, insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome, which all increase the risk for subclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD), the presence of altered vascular endothelium without overt CVD. In this review, we summarize the most recent literature regarding subclinical CVD in women with PCOS, including markers such as flow-mediated dilation, arterial stiffness, coronary artery calcium scores, carotid intima-media thickness and visceral and epicardial fat.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Female; Humans; Hyperandrogenism; Insulin Resistance; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35512975
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2022.02.028 -
Fertility and Sterility Sep 2016Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common, heterogeneous, and multifactorial endocrine disorder in premenopausal women. The pathophysiology of this... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common, heterogeneous, and multifactorial endocrine disorder in premenopausal women. The pathophysiology of this endocrinopathy is still unclear; however, the heterogeneity of its features within ethnic races, geographic location, and families suggests that environment and lifestyle are of prime importance. This work is mainly focused on the possible role of the most common and studied environmental toxins for this syndrome in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Plasticizers, such as bisphenol A (BPA) or phthalates, which belong to the categories of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and advanced glycation end products (AGEs), affect humans' health in everyday, industrialized life; therefore special attention should be paid to such exposure. Timing of exposure to EDCs is crucial for the intensity of adverse health effects. It is now evident that fetuses, infants, and/or young children are the most susceptible groups, especially in the early development periods. Prenatal exposure to EDCs that mimic endogenous hormones may contribute to the altered fetal programming and in consequence lead to PCOS and other adverse health effects, potentially transgenerationally. Acute or prolonged exposure to EDCs and AGEs through different life cycle stages may result in destabilization of the hormonal homeostasis and lead to disruption of reproductive functions. They may also interfere with metabolic alterations such as obesity, insulin resistance, and compensatory hyperinsulinemia that can exacerbate the PCOS phenotype and contribute to PCOS consequences such as type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Since wide exposure to environmental toxins and their role in the pathophysiology of PCOS are supported by extensive data derived from diverse scientific models, protective strategies and strong recommendations should be considered to reduce human exposure to protect present and future generations from their adverse health effects.
Topics: Animals; Endocrine Disruptors; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Obesity; Ovary; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 27559705
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.08.031 -
Fertility and Sterility Mar 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that impacts women worldwide. There are several racial and ethnic differences in PCOS phenotypes and in... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that impacts women worldwide. There are several racial and ethnic differences in PCOS phenotypes and in PCOS- associated metabolic dysfunction. In this review, we summarize the current literature on disparities in the diagnosis and outcomes associated with PCOS in the United States. Future studies are needed to address gaps in knowledge for racial and ethnic-specific differences in PCOS, and include a large number of non-White and/or Hispanic participants in PCOS studies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Phenotype; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Racial Groups; United States; Health Status Disparities
PubMed: 36702345
DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2023.01.031 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common gynecological endocrine diseases for women of puberty and reproductive age. PCOS can affect women's health for... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common gynecological endocrine diseases for women of puberty and reproductive age. PCOS can affect women's health for the rest of their lives since the incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) may increase in the perimenopausal and senile periods among PCOS women compared with non-PCOS women.
METHOD
A literature retrieval based on the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-E) database. All obtained records results were downloaded in plain text format for subsequent analysis. VOSviewer v1.6.10, Citespace and Microsoft Excel 2010 software were utilized for analyzing the following terms: countries, institutions, authors, journals, references and keywords.
RESULTS
There were 312 articles retrieved from January 1, 2000 to February 8, 2023, and the frequency of citations was 23,587. The United States, England, and Italy contributed the majority of the records. Harvard University, the University of Athens, and Monash University were the top 3 most productive institutions with publications on the relationship between PCOS and CHD. Journal of clinical endocrinology & metabolism ranked first with the highest publications (24 records), followed by Fertility and sterility (18 records). The keywords were divided into six clusters in the overlay keywords network: (1) the correlation between CHD risk factors and PCOS women; (2) the relationship between cardiovascular disease and female reproductive system hormone secretion; (3) the interaction between CHD and metabolic syndrome; (4) the relationship between c-reactive protein and endothelial function and oxidative stress in PCOS patients; (5) the potential positive effect of metformin on reducing CHD risk factors in PCOS patients; (6) the study of serum cholesterol and body-fat distribution in patients with CHD in PCOS. Oxidative stress, genome-wide association, obesity, primary prevention, and sex difference were main hotspots in this field in recent five years according to the keyword citation burst analysis.
CONCLUSION
The article obtained the hotspots and trends and provided a reference for subsequent research on the association between PCOS and CHD. Moreover, it is hypothesized that oxidative stress and genome-wide association were frontier hotspots in studies that explore the relationship between PCOS and CHD, and prevention research may be valued in the future.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Bibliometrics; Coronary Disease; Fertility
PubMed: 37223024
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1172750 -
Mediators of Inflammation 2020Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) a long-known endocrinopathy and one of the most common endocrine-reproductive-metabolic disorders in women, which can lead to... (Review)
Review
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) a long-known endocrinopathy and one of the most common endocrine-reproductive-metabolic disorders in women, which can lead to infertility. Although the precise etiology remains unclear, PCOS is considered as a complex genetic trait, with a high degree of heterogeneity. Besides, hormones and immune cells, including both innate and adaptive immune cells, are reportedly a cross talk in PCOS. Chronic low-grade inflammation increases autoimmune disease risk. This proinflammatory condition may, in turn, affect vital physiological processes that ultimately cause infertility, such as ovulation failure and embryo implantation. Here, we review the accumulating evidence linking PCOS with inflammatory status providing an overview of the underlying hormone-mediated dysregulation of immune cells. We mainly focus on the correlational evidence of associations between immune status in women and the increased prevalence of PCOS, along with the specific changes in immune responses. Further recognition and exploration of these interactions may help elucidate PCOS pathophysiology and highlight targets for its treatment and prevention.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infertility; Insulin Resistance; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
PubMed: 32256193
DOI: 10.1155/2020/5894768