-
American Family Physician Mar 2016
Review
Topics: Breast Feeding; Contraception; Female; Humans; Lactation; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 26926971
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Pregnancy is a remarkable time and generates several changes in women in a short period. Body image is understood as the mental representation of the body itself, and,... (Review)
Review
Pregnancy is a remarkable time and generates several changes in women in a short period. Body image is understood as the mental representation of the body itself, and, although bodily changes are considered healthy, they can impact pregnant women's body image. Problems related to body image during pregnancy can affect the health of the mother and fetus; thus, it is essential for health professionals to detect potential disorders as soon as possible. The objective of this systematic review was to identify instruments for assessing body image in pregnant women, highlighting their main characteristics. To this end, we applied the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses to searches in the EMBASE, PubMed, and American Psychological Association databases from 5 January to 10 August 2021. We included studies on adult pregnant women without comorbidities in the validation and adaptation of (sub)scales that analyze components of body image. We excluded studies that considered nonpregnant, adolescent, postpartum, and/or clinical populations, as well as smoking/drug use studies that were not validation studies or did not assess any aspect of body image. We investigated the quality of the studies using the Quality Assessment Tool for Studies with Diverse Designs. In all, we examined 13 studies. The results point to a growing concern over body image during pregnancy, as there has been an increase in the number of validation and adaptation studies involving scales for different cultures that scrutinize different constructs. The findings suggest that the listed instruments be used in future research.
Topics: Adult; Adolescent; Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Pregnant Women; Body Image; Postpartum Period; Mothers
PubMed: 36767624
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032258 -
IEEE Journal of Translational... 2022: To record and characterize features of levator ani muscles (LAM) activity in pregnancy and postpartum using non-invasive and novel Magnetomyography (MMG) technique...
: To record and characterize features of levator ani muscles (LAM) activity in pregnancy and postpartum using non-invasive and novel Magnetomyography (MMG) technique with amplitude and spectral parameters. : Nulliparous women with uncomplicated pregnancies participated in the MMG data collection during rest and voluntary LAM contractions (Kegels) with modulated intensity in third trimester and approximately 2 months postpartum (PP). Simultaneous surface electromyography was recorded to document the recruitment of accessory muscles. Moderate strength Kegel (MK) MMG trials were analyzed. Amplitude and spectral parameters including root-mean square (RMS) amplitude, power spectrum density (PSD) and normalized PSD (rPSD) in three frequency bands (low, middle, high) were computed on MK epochs. Statistical comparisons between pregnancy and postpartum were calculated. : MMG recordings were measured from 10 pregnant women. Results showed decreased RMS and power between third trimester and postpartum, trending towards significance. rPSD values in the low frequency band decreased significantly (p = 0.028) from third trimester to postpartum, while significant increase was observed in the middle frequency band (p = 0.018). : This study shows that MMG as non-invasive tool has the ability to detect and characterize changes of LAM activity with amplitude and spectral parameters during pregnancy and postpartum.
Topics: Electromyography; Female; Humans; Muscle Contraction; Muscular Diseases; Pelvic Floor; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 34950538
DOI: 10.1109/JTEHM.2021.3130785 -
Revista Da Escola de Enfermagem Da U S P 2022to identify how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced postpartum women in breastfeeding. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
to identify how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced postpartum women in breastfeeding.
METHOD
a scoping review, with a search in seven databases. Studies available in full, in English, Portuguese or Spanish, published from December/2019-April/2021 were included. The analysis was carried out by categorizing common themes.
RESULTS
25 studies were included, grouped into five categories, presenting the influence of the pandemic: in the routine of breastfeeding care, evidencing preventive measures against COVID-19; in breastfeeding rates, highlighting changes in dietary practices; in the support network for breastfeeding, indicating a lack of service care; in the postpartum women's emotions, with predominance of concern and stress; in the use of technology to support breastfeeding, with teleservice facilitating care.
CONCLUSION
the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced new forms of care, in the offer and duration of breastfeeding, in emotional health and in the support network fragility. It is expected to contribute so that health professionals provide care with greater assertiveness in the face of this new situation.
Topics: Breast Feeding; COVID-19; Emotions; Female; Humans; Pandemics; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 35723901
DOI: 10.1590/1980-220X-REEUSP-2021-0556en -
Journal of Affective Disorders Aug 2022Infertility, and fertility treatment, are associated with psychological distress that may influence subsequent mental health including postpartum depression and anxiety.
BACKGROUND
Infertility, and fertility treatment, are associated with psychological distress that may influence subsequent mental health including postpartum depression and anxiety.
METHODS
Data for women who had a livebirth between 1991 and 2013 were drawn from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Conception history prior to their first recorded birth was categorised as 'no fertility problems', 'untreated subfertility', ovulation induction (OI), and assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Depression and/or anxiety in the 12 months postpartum were identified using records of diagnoses, symptoms, and prescriptions. Prevalence was compared, and odds ratios estimated using multivariable logistic regression.
RESULTS
Of 235,127 mothers, 31,947 (13.6%) had evidence of postpartum depression and/or anxiety. Mothers in the ART group had 22% lower odds of postnatal depression and/or anxiety compared to mothers in the fertile group (OR 0.78; 95% CI [0.70-0.86]; p < 0.0001). Accounting for prior mental health, lifestyle, sociodemographic and pregnancy-related factors reduced the strength of the association (aOR 0.87; 95% CI [0.78-0.97]; p = 0.01). There were no significant associations observed in the untreated subfertility or OI groups.
LIMITATIONS
As in any analysis of routine data, the quality of recording is important and some information was unavailable (e.g. education, social support).
CONCLUSIONS
Women with a history of subfertility, OI or ART treatment were not at increased risk of postpartum depression and/or anxiety compared to those with no fertility problems. It is important to explore whether women who underwent ART are less likely to experience depression/anxiety or do not seek help when needed, with implications for their health and care.
Topics: Anxiety; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Infertility; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35508205
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.138 -
Maternal and Child Health Journal Feb 2023Rates of postpartum smoking relapse are high (70-90%) but standard relapse prevention interventions are not effective postpartum. This pilot study evaluated effects of a...
OBJECTIVES
Rates of postpartum smoking relapse are high (70-90%) but standard relapse prevention interventions are not effective postpartum. This pilot study evaluated effects of a combined relapse prevention and sleep intervention on sleep and relapse to smoking.
METHODS
Twenty-eight postpartum mothers were assigned to the intervention group-combined relapse prevention and behavioral sleep intervention-or to the comparison group-relapse prevention alone. Questionnaires and actigraphy were completed at baseline (1-week postpartum), post-treatment (8-weeks postpartum), and follow-up (12-weeks postpartum). Sleep diaries were completed weekly for the first 8 weeks postpartum and once at 12 weeks postpartum. To corroborate abstinence, CO levels in expired air were measured weekly for the first 8 weeks postpartum and at follow-up. Timeline Followback (TLFB) and salivary cotinine analysis were conducted at baseline, post-treatment, and follow-up to assess for nicotine and other substance use (TLFB) and to further corroborate abstinence (salivary cotinine analysis).
RESULTS
The sleep intervention lengthened maternal nighttime actigraphic sleep by an average of 48 minutes nightly; lengthened the longest bout of consolidated actigraphic sleep by an average of 42 minutes nightly; increased actigraphic sleep efficiency into the healthy range (> 85%); and lowered subjective ratings of sleep disturbance (ps < .05). Findings were inconclusive regarding whether better sleep was associated with abstinence. Post Hoc analyses identified the presence of an additional support person in the home as well as social and emotional support as being positively correlated with smoking abstinence (p < .05; p < .01).
CONCLUSIONS FOR PRACTICE
(1) Postpartum sleep can be improved with behavioral interventions in women with a history of smoking. (2) Social-emotional postpartum support is an important factor in preventing smoking relapse for these women.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pilot Projects; Cotinine; Postpartum Period; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Sleep; Recurrence; Secondary Prevention
PubMed: 36625953
DOI: 10.1007/s10995-022-03575-3 -
Current Psychiatry Reports Feb 2022The perinatal period is a time of increased vulnerability for people with bipolar disorder (BD). The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the literature... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
The perinatal period is a time of increased vulnerability for people with bipolar disorder (BD). The purpose of this review is to provide an update of the literature from the last 3 years regarding course of illness and treatments for BD in the perinatal period to guide clinical care.
RECENT FINDINGS
Postpartum manic and depressive episodes are emerging as having a unique presentation that may differentiate them from non-perinatal mood episodes. Many important updates regarding medication treatment in the perinatal period have been published recently that have considered the risks of untreated illness versus treatment risks in this population.' Despite significant research, there are still gaps in knowledge regarding safety and efficacy of medications for the mother and child. Crucial future areas of study include improved screening guidelines, randomized controlled trials examining medication safety in pregnancy and lactation, and efficacy of nonpharmacologic treatments.
Topics: Bipolar Disorder; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Risk Factors
PubMed: 35166993
DOI: 10.1007/s11920-022-01323-6 -
Journal of Dairy Science Jun 2022The objectives were to evaluate the associations between hepatic triacylglycerol content and production, blood metabolites, incidence of diseases, reproduction, and...
The objectives were to evaluate the associations between hepatic triacylglycerol content and production, blood metabolites, incidence of diseases, reproduction, and survival in Holstein cows. Data were collected from 4 experiments including 329 cows in which hepatic tissue was sampled with a mean (± standard deviation) of 8.3 ± 1.5 d postpartum (6 to 11 d) and analyzed for triacylglycerol concentration. The mean (± standard deviation) concentration was 4.4 ± 2.8% on a wet basis and ranged from 0.4 to 16.1%. Intakes of dry matter (DM), energy balance, body weight (BW), body condition (BCS), productive performance, and incidence of diseases were evaluated for the first 105 d postpartum, whereas blood metabolites were assayed in the first 21 d postpartum. Reproductive performance and survival were monitored in the first 300 d postpartum. Mixed models were fitted to the data to investigate the linear and quadratic associations of hepatic triacylglycerol concentration with responses of interest. Increased concentration of hepatic triacylglycerol was associated with a quadratic increase in yields of milk, energy-corrected milk (ECM), and milk components. A change in hepatic triacylglycerol from 2.5 to 7.5% of the wet tissue was associated with an increase in yield of ECM of 1.8 kg/d, and with 0.2 kg more ECM per kg of DM intake. However, the increased efficiency was accompanied by decreases in DM intake, BCS, more exacerbated losses of BW, and a more negative body energy change. Increased concentration of hepatic triacylglycerol was associated with a quadratic increase in blood fatty acids and a linear increase in blood β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations, concurrent with linear decreases in concentrations of glucose and total Ca in blood. Moreover, a change in hepatic triacylglycerol from 2.5 to 7.5% was associated with linear increases in the relative risk of hyperketonemia by 2.5 times (15.2 vs. 37.5%), hypocalcemia by 1.7 times (30.3 vs. 52.4%), metritis by 2.1 times (12.5 vs. 25.7%), and diagnosis of multiple diseases postpartum by 2.4 times (8.7 vs. 21.1%). Survival in the herd by 300 d postpartum tended to decrease from 91.1 to 86.3% with an increase in hepatic triacylglycerol from 2.5 to 7.5% of the wet tissue, but no association was observed between hepatic triacylglycerol and measures of reproduction in the first 300 d postpartum. Concentrations of hepatic triacylglycerol in early lactation varied substantially, and increments resulted in quadratic association with productive performance, but at the expense of tissue reserves as those cows had increased tissue catabolism and risk of diseases that reduced survival.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cattle; Diet; Female; Lactation; Milk; Postpartum Period; Triglycerides
PubMed: 35379460
DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21031 -
European Journal of Obstetrics,... May 2024The postpartum period encompasses the biological and psychoaffective transition to motherhood. However, it remains a most neglected phase in a woman's life. Furthermore,... (Review)
Review
The postpartum period encompasses the biological and psychoaffective transition to motherhood. However, it remains a most neglected phase in a woman's life. Furthermore, the transition to parenthood is a critical and potentially disrupting factor in a couple's relationship, which can be complicated by undiagnosed biological and psychosexual difficulties. Lack of recognition of the many biological and medical factors that can affect women's health and sexuality in the postpartum period is a common and persistent clinical omission worldwide. Communication difficulties exist between healthcare professionals and women and there are wording biases in describing female genitalia. This can further contribute to the diagnostic lack of attention and timely diagnosis and treatment of even very bothersome symptoms. Early diagnosis and treatment of common postpartum conditions is vital and quality care for new mothers should include psychological and emotional support, lactation assistance, early diagnosis and treatment of genital and sexual pain symptoms, pelvic floor rehabilitation and sexual health guidance. The inclusion of correct genital hygiene practices is a critical element of postpartum gynaecological counselling and can help improve overall genital and sexual health. In this review, we summarise the variability in global professional guidelines for postpartum care, identify common health problems faced by postpartum women and discuss appropriate postpartum care. We pay specific attention to prominent biological or medical factors that can impact the emotional and psychosexual wellbeing of women and couples. The aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of sexual dysfunction, in particular sexual pain disorders, is therefore discussed with a pragmatic approach. Finally, the role of intimate hygiene care is discussed with special attention given to cleanser ingredients with solid scientific evidence to help clinicians adopt a more tailored approach with their clinical recommendations.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Sexual Health; Postnatal Care; Sexual Behavior; Postpartum Period; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; Pain; Genitalia
PubMed: 38484617
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2024.02.037 -
International Journal of Environmental... May 2024(1) Background: During pregnancy, changes in foot biomechanics affect structural stability and gait. (2) Objective: To map the available evidence for changes in foot... (Review)
Review
(1) Background: During pregnancy, changes in foot biomechanics affect structural stability and gait. (2) Objective: To map the available evidence for changes in foot biomechanics during pregnancy and the postpartum period. (3) Methods: Scoping review according to the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute through the relevant databases via EBSCO, MEDLINE with full text, BioOne Complete, CINAHL Plus with full text, Academic Search Complete, and SPORT Discus with full text. The search was conducted in SCOPUS and PubMed. (4) Results: Eight studies were included in the scoping review. Two independent reviewers performed data extraction and synthesized data in narrative form. We found that changes in the length and volume of the foot occur during pregnancy and remain in the postpartum period. (5) Conclusions: During pregnancy, anatomical and biomechanical changes occur in the pregnant woman's foot, potentially contributing to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders. However, more research is needed to determine whether these biomechanical changes can lead to the risk of musculoskeletal disorders.
Topics: Humans; Female; Biomechanical Phenomena; Pregnancy; Foot; Postpartum Period; Gait
PubMed: 38791852
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21050638