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BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth Apr 2024Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother's... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Depression is one of the most common mental disorders in the postpartum period. Depression can decrease self-efficacy in breastfeeding by reducing the mother's self-confidence. Considering the conflicting results regarding the relationship between postpartum depression and breastfeeding self-efficacy, this systematic review was conducted to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding self-efficacy and postpartum depression.
METHOD
In this systematic review, published articles in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Sciences, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases were searched using English keywords "Self-efficacy, breastfeeding, breastfeeding Self-efficacy, depression, postpartum depression" without publication date limit. Data analysis was done with employing STATA14 software. Heterogeneity was assessed using I index which was 0%. Therefore, the fixed effects method was used to combine the data and perform meta-analysis.
RESULT
The results of the meta-analysis showed that based on the fixed effect method, depression was associated with decreased breastfeeding self-efficacy on the first day (SMD = 0.62, 95%CI: -0.830, -0.41, p = 0.0001) and on the third day (SMD = 0.84, 95% CI: -0.55,1.14, p = 0.0001). The Begg and Manzumdar test revealed no publication bias, with p = 0.317.
CONCLUSION
Postpartum depression may be associated with a decrease in the mother's breastfeeding self-efficacy and placing mother in a condition to pay low attention to her maternal role. Therefore, healthcare providers should provide adequate support according to the needs of mothers and develop diagnostic and treatment protocols to improve the level of maternal health.
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Self Efficacy; Breast Feeding; Mothers; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 38609849
DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06465-4 -
Journal of Preventive Medicine and... May 2023Young mothers are vulnerable to postpartum depression due to role transition-related stress. Understanding the causes underlying these stressors is essential for...
OBJECTIVES
Young mothers are vulnerable to postpartum depression due to role transition-related stress. Understanding the causes underlying these stressors is essential for developing effective interventions.
METHODS
This study analyzed the 2018 Indonesian Basic Health Research data. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview was used to assess postpartum depression symptoms in mothers aged 15-24 years with infants aged 0-6 months. In 1285 subjects, the risk factors for postpartum depression were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression.
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of depression in the 6 months postpartum was 4.0%, with a higher prevalence in urban areas (5.7%) than in rural areas (2.9%). Urban and rural young mothers showed distinct postpartum depression risk factors. In urban areas, living without a husband (odds ratio [OR], 3.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.24 to 11.76), experiencing preterm birth (OR, 4.67; 95% CI, 1.50 to 14.50), having pregnancy complications (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.20 to 7.66), and having postpartum complications (OR, 5.23; 95% CI, 1.98 to 13.80) were associated with a higher risk of postpartum depression. In rural areas, postpartum depression was significantly associated with a smaller household size (OR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.00 to 10.38), unwanted pregnancy (OR, 4.40; 95% CI, 1.15 to 16.86), and pregnancy complications (OR, 3.41; 95% CI, 1.31 to 8.88).
CONCLUSIONS
In both urban and rural contexts, postpartum depression relates to the availability of others to accompany young mothers throughout the postpartum period and offer support with reproductive issues. Support from the family and the healthcare system is essential to young mothers' mental health. The healthcare system needs to involve families to support young mothers' mental health from pregnancy until the postpartum period.
Topics: Pregnancy; Female; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Mothers; Indonesia; Premature Birth; Postpartum Period
PubMed: 37287205
DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.22.534 -
Indian Journal of Public Health 2022Postpartum depression (PPD) is onset of depressive symptoms in postpartum period from 2 weeks to 1 year. It causes maternal morbidity and long-term negative effects on...
CONTEXT
Postpartum depression (PPD) is onset of depressive symptoms in postpartum period from 2 weeks to 1 year. It causes maternal morbidity and long-term negative effects on growth and development of infant and child. It is often unreported and underdiagnosed.
AIMS
(1) To estimate the prevalence of PPD, (2) To determine socio-demographic, clinical, and obstetric correlates of the same.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
A cross-sectional study was done in urban and rural areas of District Aligarh.
METHODS
A total of 304 females between 6 weeks and 6 months' postpartum period giving consent were included in this study. Sociodemographic, obstetric, and clinico-social factors were recorded using predesigned, pretested questionnaire. Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score ≥10 was used to screen for PPD and International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) criteria for confirmation.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Correlates of PPD were determined using logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The prevalence of PPD was 9.5% using EPDS and was confirmed by ICD-10 criteria. History of abortion (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 6.0, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.2-16.5), poor relationship with in-laws (AOR: 5.1; 95% CI 1.3-20.5), marital conflict (AOR: 13.3; 95% CI 2.2-77.6), and substance abuse in husband (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI 1.1-9.0) were found to be significant correlates for PPD.
CONCLUSIONS
About one in every 10 postpartum females suffered from depression but did not seek health care for the same. Women facing social pathologies such as substance abuse in husband, marital conflict, and poor relationship with in-laws are more at risk of PPD. Screening for PPD should be included in the maternal and child health care programs to ensure early diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; Cross-Sectional Studies; Risk Factors; India; Postpartum Period; Prevalence
PubMed: 37039176
DOI: 10.4103/ijph.ijph_1694_21 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Nov 2023There is a need for effective interventions to reduce symptomatology of postpartum depression. The objective of this study was to test whether providing an ergonomic... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
There is a need for effective interventions to reduce symptomatology of postpartum depression. The objective of this study was to test whether providing an ergonomic infant carrier would reduce postpartum depression symptomatology.
METHODS
A randomized two-arm, parallel-group trial with 100 participants was conducted between February 2018 and June 2019 in a low-income community. At 30-weeks' gestation, 50 participants were randomly assigned to receive an ergonomic infant carrier and instructions on proper use (intervention group), and 50 participants were assigned to a waitlist (control group). Participants tracked the extent of their infant carrier use and completed the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) to assess postpartum depression symptomatology at 6-weeks postpartum.
RESULTS
Participants in the intervention group reported using an infant carrier significantly more often than the control group (β = 2.69, SE = 0.347, p < .001, 95 % CI = 2.08-3.41). The intervention group reported fewer depressive symptoms at 6-weeks postpartum than the control group (β = -0.541, p = .042).
LIMITATIONS
The sample size was relatively small and thus our results may not be generalizable to the general population.
CONCLUSION
Infant carrying may be a cost-effective intervention to reduce postpartum depression symptomatology. Large-scale studies are warranted to further examine the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of providing carriers as an intervention to reduce postpartum depression symptomatology.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION
Clinicaltrials.gov id: NCT04376021. Data Sharing Statement: Deidentified individual participant data will not be made available because we did not obtain permission to share individual data.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
NCT0437602; https://beta.
CLINICALTRIALS
gov/study/NCT04376021.
Topics: Female; Humans; Infant; Depression, Postpartum; Postpartum Period; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 37586649
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.08.044 -
South African Medical Journal =... Sep 2023
Topics: Female; Humans; Depression, Postpartum; South Africa; Depression; Postpartum Period; Communication; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
PubMed: 37882124
DOI: 10.7196/SAMJ.2023.v113i9.1438 -
The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine Mar 2021To examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum anxiety (PPA) in mothers with spinal cord injury (SCI). Retrospective, cross-sectional study....
To examine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and postpartum anxiety (PPA) in mothers with spinal cord injury (SCI). Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Online multi-national study. We surveyed an international sample of 102 women who gave birth following cervical SCI (C1-C8, = 30), upper thoracic SCI (T1-T6, = 12) or lower level SCI (T7 & below, = 60). Participants were primarily from Canada and Sweden, and mean age at childbirth was 30 ± 6 years. Subscales from the Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) were used to measure PPD (PRAMS-3D) and PPA (PRAMS-2A). PPD and PPA were most prevalent in women with cervical SCI, followed by upper thoracic SCI then lower SCI. Self-reported PPD was more prevalent than clinically diagnosed PPD in women with cervical SCI ( = 0.03) and upper thoracic SCI ( = 0.03). With cervical SCI, 75% of women diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy scored >9 on the PRAMS PPD subscale, indicating clinically relevant PPD. However, only 10% were diagnosed with PPD. Of women with lower SCI diagnosed with MDD before pregnancy, 25% had a clinically relevant score for self-reported PPD; 7% were diagnosed. This is currently the largest study examining PPD and PPA after SCI. Clinicians should be aware that mothers with SCI (particularly high-level SCI) may have increased risk of PPD and PPA. PPD is poorly understood in women with SCI and may even be underdiagnosed. SCI-related risk factors for PPD and PPA should be explored.
Topics: Anxiety; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Spinal Cord Injuries
PubMed: 31549939
DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1666239 -
Psychiatria Danubina Mar 2018Pregnant women experience a set of biological and psychological disturbances. The aim of this study was to assess the appearance of depressive symptoms and suicidal...
BACKGROUND
Pregnant women experience a set of biological and psychological disturbances. The aim of this study was to assess the appearance of depressive symptoms and suicidal thoughts in pregnant women during the third trimester of pregnancy.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
A total of 110 pregnant women were included in the study. All of them filled out an anonymous questionnaire about sociodemographic data, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI).
RESULTS
Study participants were between 18-46 years of age. 45.45% of the pregnant women were between 37 and 39 weeks pregnant. According to the EPDS, the risk for perinatal depression was observed in 29 (23.36%) pregnant women: 15 (13.64%) of them had a total score on EPDS from 10-12, and 14 (12.72%) had a total score of 13-20. A higher score on both Beck scales was characteristic for pregnant women with a higher risk for the development of perinatal depression based on the results on EPDS. The prevalence of suicidal thoughts was 2.73%.
CONCLUSIONS
Perinatal depression is a state which should be given more attention. The recognition of perinatal depression during pregnancy allows health medical workers to observe pregnant women at risk and then to make preventive and clinical interventions. The risk for perinatal depression is higher in pregnant women with more expressed depressive and anxiety symptoms. Pregnant women with suicidal thoughts are more anxious and depressed.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Personality Inventory; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Suicidal Ideation; Young Adult
PubMed: 29546863
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2018.85 -
BMC Public Health Jul 2023Anaemia is a reduction in haemoglobin concentration below a threshold, resulting from various factors including severe blood loss during and after childbirth. Symptoms... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Anaemia is a reduction in haemoglobin concentration below a threshold, resulting from various factors including severe blood loss during and after childbirth. Symptoms of anaemia include fatigue and weakness, among others, affecting health and quality of life. Anaemic pregnant women have an increased risk of premature delivery, a low-birthweight infant, and postpartum depression. They are also more likely to have anaemia in the postpartum period which can lead to an ongoing condition and affect subsequent pregnancies. In 2019 nearly 37% of pregnant women globally had anaemia, and estimates suggest that 50-80% of postpartum women in low- and middle-income countries have anaemia, but currently there is no standard measurement or classification for postpartum anaemia.
METHODS
A rapid landscape review was conducted to identify and characterize postpartum anaemia measurement searching references within three published systematic reviews of anaemia, including studies published between 2012 and 2021. We then conducted a new search for relevant literature from February 2021 to April 2022 in EMBASE and MEDLINE using a similar search strategy as used in the published reviews.
RESULTS
In total, we identified 53 relevant studies. The timing of haemoglobin measurement ranged from within the immediate postpartum period to over 6 weeks. The thresholds used to diagnose anaemia in postpartum women varied considerably, with < 120, < 110, < 100 and < 80 g/L the most frequently reported. Other laboratory results frequently reported included ferritin and transferrin receptor. Clinical outcomes reported in 32 out of 53 studies included postpartum depression, quality of life, and fatigue. Haemoglobin measurements were performed in a laboratory, although it is unclear from the studies if venous samples and automatic analysers were used in all cases.
CONCLUSIONS
This review demonstrates the need for improving postpartum anaemia measurement given the variability observed in published measures. With the high prevalence of anaemia, the relatively simple treatment for non-severe cases of iron deficiency anaemia, and its importance to public health with multi-generational effects, it is crucial to develop common measures for women in the postpartum period and promote rapid uptake and reporting.
Topics: Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Iron; Depression, Postpartum; Quality of Life; Anemia, Iron-Deficiency; Anemia; Postpartum Period; Fatigue; Hemoglobins
PubMed: 37518003
DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16383-3 -
Maturitas Mar 2023The purpose of the study was to investigate whether postpartum depression is associated with a risk of depression during perimenopause.
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of the study was to investigate whether postpartum depression is associated with a risk of depression during perimenopause.
STUDY DESIGN
This is a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study of 270,613 individuals who were born in 1960-1968, who gave birth to a liveborn child recorded in the Medical Birth Register before the age of 40, and who lived in Denmark when turning 47 years old. The association between postpartum depression and depression during perimenopause was analyzed using a Cox Proportional Hazards model adjusted for education level, marital status, and age at first delivery.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Depression during perimenopause was identified by a diagnosis of depression during nine years of follow-up registered in the Danish National Patient Registry.
RESULTS
A total of 7694 (2.9 %) study participants were diagnosed with depression during perimenopause. Postpartum depression was associated with 12.82 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 8.93;18.41] times higher hazard of depression during perimenopause, while depression prior to study baseline was associated with 11.91 [95 % CI: 11.14;12.73] times higher hazard compared with individuals with no history of depression. There was no difference in the association between postpartum depression and depression prior to study baseline for depression during perimenopause.
CONCLUSION
Prior depression, no matter the timing, is associated with markedly higher risk of depression during perimenopause. Thus, individuals who have experienced postpartum depression do not experience a greater risk of depression during perimenopause compared with individuals who have experienced depression unrelated to periods of hormonal changes during their fertile life.
Topics: Female; Humans; Perimenopause; Cohort Studies; Depression, Postpartum; Proportional Hazards Models
PubMed: 36621208
DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.12.001 -
Nutrients Jun 2024Postnatal depression is a common and severe complication of childbirth. It is an important public health problem with significant implications for both mothers and... (Review)
Review
Postnatal depression is a common and severe complication of childbirth. It is an important public health problem with significant implications for both mothers and children. The exact mechanisms underlying and the factors influencing the occurrence of postnatal depression remain unclear. The literature suggests that certain dietary deficiencies during pregnancy and the postnatal period may contribute to a greater risk of maternal depression. This review focuses on the role of selenium in postnatal depression. It collects evidence from published interventional and observational studies investigating the relationship between selenium intake during the antenatal and postnatal periods and the mental status of postpartum women and summarises information about biological mechanisms that may underlie the association between selenium status and postnatal depression. The review includes studies identified through electronic searches of Medline (via PubMed) and Google Scholar databases until December 2023. Despite the small number of relevant studies and their potential methodological limitations, the findings suggest that optimizing selenium status may support the prevention and treatment of postnatal depression. Further longitudinal and interventional studies are necessary to confirm the clinical significance of these effects.
Topics: Humans; Selenium; Depression, Postpartum; Female; Pregnancy; Nutritional Status; Postpartum Period; Dietary Supplements; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Adult
PubMed: 38931280
DOI: 10.3390/nu16121926